DOCSLIB.ORG

E0?/14Dda Godiaye !69Iowe4 Th~ Volume 12, Number 6 June, 1975

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
E0?/14Dda Godiaye !69Iowe4 Th~ Volume 12, Number 6 June, 1975 FLORIDA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE INSTITUTE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA. GAINESVILLE i e0?/14dda godiaye !69ioWe4 Th~ Volume 12, Number 6 June, 1975 p.. Flowering of Bromeliads R. T. Poole and C. A. Conover Bromeliads are an attractive group of plants well adapted to interior environments, although over-watering and over-fertilizing shorten the life of many plants. Even though they grow best under bright light, they will endure the low light levels found in most indoor locations. Bromeliads are attractive without flowers, but even more beautiful with flowers. As most bromeliads take 2 or more years to flower, methods have been examined which may induce earlier flowering. Pineapples, commercially the most important bromeliad, have been induced to flower by treatment with v rious ethylene releasing compounds for many years. More recently, EthreO, (ethephon) has been shown to be a very effective ethylene releasing compound. Ethrel can be sprayed on the plant or poured into the vase formed by the leaves to force bromeliads into bloom. The Florida Foliage Grower, Volume 11, Number 12, reported 80% blooming in January of 18 mo. Aechmea fasciata from a media and watering experiment 2 mo. after being treated with EtTreT, 100 mg ethephon per plant. Of the 20% that did not bloom, almost all were plants of small size and poor quality. 1Associate Professor, Plant Physiology and Associate Professor and Center Director, Agricultural Research Center, Apopka, respectively. IN THIS ISSUE PAGE Flowering of Bromeliads 1 Aphelandra Flowering 2 Control of Solanum Mealybug on Zebra Plant 4 News Release 5 Calendar of Events 5 COOPERATIVE EXTENSION WORK IN AGRICUL-TURE AND HOME ECONOMICS. STATE OF FL.ORIDA IFAS. UNIVERSITY OF FL-ORIDA. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICUL-TURE. AND BOARDS OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS, COOPERATING -2- One hundred mg of ethephon can be obtained by mixing one tablespoon of 21.3% Ethrel in one quart of water and adding 2 tablespoons of this solution to the vase of the bromeliads. The Ethrel-water solution should be applied to bromeliads innediately after mixing, as Ethrel begins to lose its effectiveness when added to water. An experiment was initiated April 30, 1974 to investigate effects of 3 levels of Ethrel, 25, 75 and 125 mg/plant at 4 application times, April 30, June 11, July 31 and September 3 on blooming of Aechmea fasciata. Plants were one year old April 1974. At time of application, the vases contained water as a result of over-head irrigation. After the April treatment, approximately 50% of the plants flowered within two months but flowers were small and did not present an attractive appearance. Approximately 50% of the plants treated June and July bloomed and were of a more satisfactory appearance. Aechmea fasciata normally bloom during the late summer. The only satisfactory treatment, 83% bloom, was 25 mg/plant applied September 3, 1974 when plants were approximately 1 1/2 years old. None of the untreated plants flowered at this time. Guzmania manostachia, Guzmania flamea and Vriesia splendens in different research plots that were I 1/2 to 2 years old also bloomne approximately 2 months after treatment with 25 mg ethephon. About 10% of the non-treated plants bloomed in these tests, but approximately 90% of treated plants bloomed. SUMMARY: Results from these studies indicate that 25 mg of ethephon applied to the vase of bromeliads 1 1/2 to 2 years old should cause bromeliads to flower within 2 months without damaging leaves of plants. Aphelandra Flowering1 2 Wesley P. Hackett, Anton M. Kofranek, and Chrystal Arnold Aphelandra squarrosa is grown as an ornamental plant for both its foliage and its flowers. Production of uniform flowering plants is difficult because plants propagated from tip cuttings often flower sporadically over quite a long time span. This complicates the marketing of the plants. It has been shown that Aphelandra flower development is little affected by long or short days but is promoted by high light intensity, i.e., 1000 to 1200 foot-candles, when grown at a high night temperature (700 F). Based on these reports, an experiment was set up to determine if uniform flowering could be obtained by manipulating the light intensity of stock plants and rooted cuttings. 1Adapted from Flower and Nursery Report, University of California, January, 1973. 2Associate Professor and Professor, Department of Environmental Horticulture, Davis; and Horticulturist, Neiden's Hillside Floral, Inc., Encinitas, Calif., respectively. -3- Single-stem plants of the cultivar 'Brockfield', which had been cut back to two pairs of mature leaves, were grown at a light intensity of 300 to 400 foot-candles in a 70*F greenhouse. Cheesecloth was used to control light intensity. Ten weeks after cutback, 4-inch tip cuttings from the new shoots that had developed were rooted under mist. After rooting, plants were potted in 4-inch pots and placed in three different light intensities (Table 1) at a 70*F night temperature. Twenty-five plants were used in each treatment. Flowering uniformity was assessed by noting the date of full bloom for each plant and determining the number of days from earliest full bloom date until 80% of the plants were in full bloom. We have called this time span the FB80 - Table 1 shows that plants that received 750 to 850 foot-candles of light flowered earliest with fewest nodes and were the shortest. Flowering at this light intensity was quite uniform, as indicated by the FBO of 5 days. Plants in the intermediate light intensity (500 to 600 foot-candTes) flowered later and much less uniformly. At this light intensity, the FB8 0 was 37 days. Plants receiving 300 to 400 foot-candles flowered very late, with the largest number of nodes, and were the tallest plants. However, the flowering date was more uniform at 300 to 400 foot-candles than it was at 500 to 600 foot-candles, as indicated by the FB80 of 21 days. Table 1. The influence of light intensity on vegetative growth and flowering of Aphelandra squarrosa 'Brockfield'. (Treatments started on March 1). Light Intensity Plant Height Number Nodes Mean Date of FB80 Treatments (cm) at Flowering Full Bloom (Days) High 750 to 800 foot-candles 45.2 8.6 July 2 5 Medium 500 to 600 foot-candles 50.0 9.5 July 18 37 Low 300 to 400 foot-candles 56.3 10.3 August 21 21 1Time span from earliest full bloom date until 80% of the plants were in full bloom. These data show that low light suppresses flowering and high light promotes it. In order to obtain uniform flowering, it is necessary to have cuttings that are uniformly vegetative or uniformly reporductive. Vegetative cuttings can be obtained by maintaining the stock plants under low light intensity (300 to 400 foot-candles), and cuttings with uniform flower bud development can be obtained by pruning the stock plants and growing them under high light intensity (750 to 850 foot-candles). Pruning ensures the production of shoots of the same age that bud uniformly under high light intensity. Regardless of whether low or high light is used for growing stock plants, high light intensity should be used during rooting and subsequent growth of rooted cuttings to obtain the fastest and most uniform flowering. -4- Control of Solanum Mealybug on Zebra Plant R. A. Hamlen and R. W. Henley1 Foliar mealybugs are pests of greenhouse grown ornamentals. The solanum mealybug, Phenacoccus solani, is a persistent pest of numerous tropical foliage plants, in particular Zebra pl t, A hel dra squarrosa. Control of overlapping generations with Meta-Systox-Oor ygo UfoViar sprays has been difficult and often unsatisfactory. Infestations in stock production areas frequently escape detection until entire ranges have become established with cuttings populated with only immature stages of this pest. Heavily infested plants result in reduced sales and potential quarantine restrictions. This study was designed to determine the most effective and non-phytotoxic material for control of solanum mealybugs on Zebra plants. Naturally infested Zebra plants approximately 12 inches (30 centimeters) high, in 6-inch (15 centimeter) diameter plastic containers, in a soil mixture of 2 peat, 1 pine bark and 1 cypress shavings by volume were maintained in a greenhouse at 72-90*F (22-320C). Mid-day light intensity at plant height was approximately 900 fc (9,000 lux) and plants were fertilized weekly with 2 lbs/ 100 gals of 20-5-30 liquid fertilizer, including minor elements. Plants received either 3 systemic drenches at 3-week intervals or a single application of systemic granular materials. Drench treatments were applied as 8 fl. oz. (236 milliliters) of chemical solution per container with granular materials added to the soil surface in acre equivalents computed from the container surface area. Both containers treated with granular formulations and control plants received 8 fl. oz (236 milliliters) of water. Materials, lb AI (active ingre ient)/100 gal or lb AI/acre rates and methods of application were: Temi 210 G, 10 lb, soil urface; Vydat 10 G, 10 lb, soil surface; Vydate 0 0.25 lb, drench; Furadad10 G, 10 lb, soil surface; frada &4 F, 0.25 lb, drench; CygorU 267 C, 0.25 lb, drench; Meta-Systox- IV25% EC, 0.25 lb, drench; and Dacamo)9 10 G, 10 lb, soil surface. Numbers of mealybugs were counted per 3 leaves from the basal, mid and upper portions of each plant. Table 1. Effect of drench and granular applications with systemic insecticides on number of living adult and nymph solanum mealybugs infesting Zebra plant foliage. Rate of Avg. no. mealybugs/leaf Pesticide and formulated material after initial treatmenta formulation lb/Acre pt/100 galb 6 weeks 9 weeks TemikeiG 100 --- 0.04 0.0 Furada ,4F--- 1/2 0.00 0.0 Funrdanl10G 100 --- 0.10 0.1 CygoRf267 EC --- 1 0.04 0.0 DacamoO 0G 100 --- 0.20 1.7 VydatE2L --- 1 0.00 0.0 Vydat4010G 100 --- 2.90 8.6 Meta-Systox-25EC --- 1 2.20 5.7 Control --- --- 18.60 29.4 0 aOne application of granular formulations, 3 drench applications at 3 week intervals with liquid formulations.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Indoor Plants Or Houseplants
    Visit us on the Web: www.gardeninghelp.org Indoor Plants or Houseplants Over the past twenty years houseplants have grown in popularity. Offered in a wide variety of sizes, shapes, colors and textures, houseplants beautify our homes and help soften our environment. They have been scientifically proven to improve our health by lowering blood pressure and removing pollutants from the air we breathe. When selecting a houseplant, choose reputable suppliers who specialize in growing houseplants. Get off to a good start by thoroughly examining each plant. Watch for brown edges and spindly growth with elongated stems and large gaps between new leaves. Inspect leaves and stem junctions for signs of insect or disease problems. Check any support stakes to make sure they are not hiding broken stems or branches. Finally, make sure the plant is placed in an area that suits its optimal requirements for light, temperature and humidity. Where to Place Your House Plants With the exception of the very darkest areas, you can always find a houseplant with growth requirements to match the environmental conditions in your home. The most important factors are light intensity and duration. The best way to determine the intensity of light at a window exposure area is to measure it with a light meter. A light meter measures light in units called foot-candles. One foot-candle is the amount of light from a candle spread over a square foot of surface area. Plants that prefer low light may produce dull, lifeless-looking leaves when exposed to bright light. Bright light can also cause leaf spots or brown-tipped scorched margins.
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
    [Show full text]
  • ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS of the GUIANAS: an Historical Perspective of Selected Garden Plants from Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana
    f ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS OF THE GUIANAS: An Historical Perspective of Selected Garden Plants from Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana Vf•-L - - •• -> 3H. .. h’ - — - ' - - V ' " " - 1« 7-. .. -JZ = IS^ X : TST~ .isf *“**2-rt * * , ' . / * 1 f f r m f l r l. Robert A. DeFilipps D e p a r t m e n t o f B o t a n y Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. \ 1 9 9 2 ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS OF THE GUIANAS Table of Contents I. Map of the Guianas II. Introduction 1 III. Basic Bibliography 14 IV. Acknowledgements 17 V. Maps of Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana VI. Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas Gymnosperms 19 Dicotyledons 24 Monocotyledons 205 VII. Title Page, Maps and Plates Credits 319 VIII. Illustration Credits 321 IX. Common Names Index 345 X. Scientific Names Index 353 XI. Endpiece ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS OF THE GUIANAS Introduction I. Historical Setting of the Guianan Plant Heritage The Guianas are embedded high in the green shoulder of northern South America, an area once known as the "Wild Coast". They are the only non-Latin American countries in South America, and are situated just north of the Equator in a configuration with the Amazon River of Brazil to the south and the Orinoco River of Venezuela to the west. The three Guianas comprise, from west to east, the countries of Guyana (area: 83,000 square miles; capital: Georgetown), Surinam (area: 63, 037 square miles; capital: Paramaribo) and French Guiana (area: 34, 740 square miles; capital: Cayenne). Perhaps the earliest physical contact between Europeans and the present-day Guianas occurred in 1500 when the Spanish navigator Vincente Yanez Pinzon, after discovering the Amazon River, sailed northwest and entered the Oyapock River, which is now the eastern boundary of French Guiana.
    [Show full text]
  • A Quarter Century of Pharmacognostic Research on Panamanian Flora: a Review*
    Reviews 1189 A Quarter Century of Pharmacognostic Research on Panamanian Flora: A Review* Authors Catherina Caballero-George 1, Mahabir P. Gupta2 Affiliations 1 Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT‑AIP), Panama, Republic of Panama 2 Center for Pharmacognostic Research on Panamanian Flora (CIFLORPAN), College of Pharmacy, University of Panama, Panama, Republic of Panama Key words Abstract with novel structures and/or interesting bioactive l" bioassays ! compounds. During the last quarter century, a to- l" Panamanian plants Panama is a unique terrestrial bridge of extreme tal of approximately 390 compounds from 86 l" ethnomedicine biological importance. It is one of the “hot spots” plants have been isolated, of which 160 are new l" novel compounds and occupies the fourth place among the 25 most to the literature. Most of the work reported here plant-rich countries in the world, with 13.4% en- has been the result of many international collabo- demic species. Panamanian plants have been rative efforts with scientists worldwide. From the screened for a wide range of biological activities: results presented, it is immediately obvious that as cytotoxic, brine shrimp-toxic, antiplasmodial, the Panamanian flora is still an untapped source antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, immunosup- of new bioactive compounds. pressive, and antihypertensive agents. This re- view concentrates on ethnopharmacological uses Supporting information available at of medicinal plants employed by three Amerin- http://www.thieme-connect.de/ejournals/toc/ dian groups of Panama and on selected plants plantamedica Introduction are a major component of the Panamanian tropi- ! cal forest. Mosses abound in moist cloud forests as Medicinal plants remain an endless source of new well as other parts of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded and Set As out Groups Genes
    Alzahrani et al. BMC Genomics (2020) 21:393 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-06798-2 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Complete chloroplast genome sequence of Barleria prionitis, comparative chloroplast genomics and phylogenetic relationships among Acanthoideae Dhafer A. Alzahrani1, Samaila S. Yaradua1,2*, Enas J. Albokhari1,3 and Abidina Abba1 Abstract Background: The plastome of medicinal and endangered species in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Barleria prionitis was sequenced. The plastome was compared with that of seven Acanthoideae species in order to describe the plastome, spot the microsatellite, assess the dissimilarities within the sampled plastomes and to infer their phylogenetic relationships. Results: The plastome of B. prionitis was 152,217 bp in length with Guanine-Cytosine and Adenine-Thymine content of 38.3 and 61.7% respectively. It is circular and quadripartite in structure and constitute of a large single copy (LSC, 83, 772 bp), small single copy (SSC, 17, 803 bp) and a pair of inverted repeat (IRa and IRb 25, 321 bp each). 131 genes were identified in the plastome out of which 113 are unique and 18 were repeated in IR region. The genome consists of 4 rRNA, 30 tRNA and 80 protein-coding genes. The analysis of long repeat showed all types of repeats were present in the plastome and palindromic has the highest frequency. A total number of 98 SSR were also identified of which mostly were mononucleotide Adenine-Thymine and are located at the non coding regions. Comparative genomic analysis among the plastomes revealed that the pair of the inverted repeat is more conserved than the single copy region.
    [Show full text]
  • Family Acanthaceae and Genus Aphelandra: Ethnopharmacological and Phytochemical Review
    International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Innovare Academic Sciences ISSN- 0975-1491 Vol 6, Issue 10, 2014 Review Article FAMILY ACANTHACEAE AND GENUS APHELANDRA: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL REVIEW ASIF JAVAID AWAN1*, CHAUDHRY BASHIR AHMED2, MUHAMMAD UZAIR2, MUHAMMAD SHAHZAD ASLAM4*, UMER FAROOQ3, KHURAM ISHFAQ2, 1Akson college of Health Sciences, Mirpur University of Science and Technology Mirpur A. .J. .K& Kashmir, Pakistan, 2Department of Pharmacy, BahauddinZakariya University Multan, Pakistan, 3School of Pharmacy, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan, 4Lahore Pharmacy College (A project of LMDC), Lahore, Pakistan. Email: [email protected] Received: 10 Aug 2014 Revised and Accepted: 15 Sep 2014 ABSTRACT Aphelandra belong to family Acanthaceae. We have reviewed traditional uses, pharmacological potential and phytochemical study of family Acanthaceae and genus Aphelandra. Traditionally the most important part use in Acanthaceae is the leaves and they are used externally for wounds. We have found that Acanthaceae possess antifungal, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, anti-oxidant, insecticidal, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, Anti- platelet aggregation and anti-viral potential. Phytochemical reports on family Acanthaceae are glycosides, flavonoids, benzonoids, phenolic compounds, naphthoquinone and triterpenoids. We have also document genus Aphelandra, its phytochemical and pharmacological potential. Keywords: Acanthaceae, Aphelandra, Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemistry, Wound
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Bat Pollination: a Phylogenetic Perspective
    Annals of Botany 104: 1017–1043, 2009 doi:10.1093/aob/mcp197, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org INVITED REVIEW The evolution of bat pollination: a phylogenetic perspective Theodore H. Fleming1,*, Cullen Geiselman2 and W. John Kress3 1Emeritus, Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA, 2Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458, USA and 3Department of Botany, MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA Received: 2 April 2009 Returned for revision: 27 May 2009 Accepted: 13 July 2009 Published electronically: 29 September 2009 † Background Most tropical and subtropical plants are biotically pollinated, and insects are the major pollinators. A small but ecologically and economically important group of plants classified in 28 orders, 67 families and about 528 species of angiosperms are pollinated by nectar-feeding bats. From a phylogenetic perspective this is a derived pollination mode involving a relatively large and energetically expensive pollinator. Here its ecologi- cal and evolutionary consequences are explored. Downloaded from † Scope and Conclusions This review summarizes adaptations in bats and plants that facilitate this interaction and discusses the evolution of bat pollination from a plant phylogenetic perspective. Two families of bats contain specialized flower visitors, one in the Old World and one in the New World. Adaptation to pollination by bats has evolved independently many times from a variety of ancestral conditions, including insect-, bird- and non-volant mammal-pollination. Bat pollination predominates in very few families but is relatively common in certain angiosperm subfamilies and tribes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Low Temperature on Flowering of Beloperone, Crossandra, Jacobinia and Mackaya
    Statens Forsøgsvirksomhed i Plantekultur 1234. beretning Statens Væksthus forsøg, Virum (V. Aa. Hallig) The influence of low temperature on flowering of Beloperone, Crossandra, Jacobinia and Mackaya Indflydelsen af lav temperatur på blomstringen hos Beloperone, Crossandra, Jacobinia og Mackaya O. Voigt Christensen Abstract In contrast to the situation in Aphelandra squarrosa, low temperatures did not induce or advance flowering at low light intensities in the following four members of the Acanthaceae family: Belo- perone guttata, Crossandra infundibuliformis, Jacobinia carnea, and Mackaya bella. In Crossan- dra photoperiods of 8 and 16 hours caused no difference in the time of flowering at any tem- perature. Resumé I modsætning til Aphelandra squarrosa kan lav temperatur hverken inducere eller fremme blom- stringen ved lav lysintensitet hos følgende fire planter, der tilhører Acanthaceae familien: Belo- perone guttata, Crossandra infundibuliformis, Jacobinia carnea og Mackaya bella. Daglængder på 8 og 16 timer ved de prøvede temperaturer havde ingen indflydelse på blomstringstidspunktet hos Crossandra. Introduction fundibuliformis, Jacobinia carnea and Mac- In 1965 it was established that the flowers in kaya bella grown under similar conditions, Aphelandra squarrosa were induced either by flower during the same period. These 4 plant low temperature at low light intensity (Anon. species, like Aphelandra, belong to the Acan- 1965), or by high light intensity at high tem- thaceae family and the morphology of their perature (Herklotz, 1965). This was confirmed flowers are similar. It was, therefore, examined later by Heide and Hildrum (1966), Christen- whether low temperatures at low light intensity sen (1969) and Heide (1969). had the same effect on these 4 plant species as The optimum temperature for flower induc- on Aphelandra.
    [Show full text]
  • Additions to the Flora of Panama, with Comments on Plant Collections and Information Gaps
    15 4 NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Check List 15 (4): 601–627 https://doi.org/10.15560/15.4.601 Additions to the flora of Panama, with comments on plant collections and information gaps Orlando O. Ortiz1, Rodolfo Flores2, Gordon McPherson3, Juan F. Carrión4, Ernesto Campos-Pineda5, Riccardo M. Baldini6 1 Herbario PMA, Universidad de Panamá, Vía Simón Bolívar, Panama City, Panama Province, Estafeta Universitaria, Panama. 2 Programa de Maestría en Biología Vegetal, Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, El Cabrero, David City, Chiriquí Province, Panama. 3 Herbarium, Missouri Botanical Garden, 4500 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri, MO 63166-0299, USA. 4 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Avenida Transnordestina s/n, Novo Horizonte, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. 5 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Luis Clement Avenue (Ancón, Tupper 401), Panama City, Panama Province, Panama. 6 Centro Studi Erbario Tropicale (FT herbarium) and Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Via La Pira 4, 50121, Firenze, Italy. Corresponding author: Orlando O. Ortiz, [email protected]. Abstract In the present study, we report 46 new records of vascular plants species from Panama. The species belong to the fol- lowing families: Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Aquifoliaceae, Araceae, Bignoniaceae, Burseraceae, Caryocaraceae, Celastraceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Gentianaceae, Laciste- mataceae, Lauraceae, Malpighiaceae, Malvaceae, Marattiaceae, Melastomataceae, Moraceae, Myrtaceae, Ochnaceae, Orchidaceae, Passifloraceae, Peraceae, Poaceae, Portulacaceae, Ranunculaceae, Salicaceae, Sapindaceae, Sapotaceae, Solanaceae, and Violaceae. Additionally, the status of plant collections in Panama is discussed; we focused on the areas where we identified significant information gaps regarding real assessments of plant biodiversity in the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Lamiales – Synoptical Classification Vers
    Lamiales – Synoptical classification vers. 2.6.2 (in prog.) Updated: 12 April, 2016 A Synoptical Classification of the Lamiales Version 2.6.2 (This is a working document) Compiled by Richard Olmstead With the help of: D. Albach, P. Beardsley, D. Bedigian, B. Bremer, P. Cantino, J. Chau, J. L. Clark, B. Drew, P. Garnock- Jones, S. Grose (Heydler), R. Harley, H.-D. Ihlenfeldt, B. Li, L. Lohmann, S. Mathews, L. McDade, K. Müller, E. Norman, N. O’Leary, B. Oxelman, J. Reveal, R. Scotland, J. Smith, D. Tank, E. Tripp, S. Wagstaff, E. Wallander, A. Weber, A. Wolfe, A. Wortley, N. Young, M. Zjhra, and many others [estimated 25 families, 1041 genera, and ca. 21,878 species in Lamiales] The goal of this project is to produce a working infraordinal classification of the Lamiales to genus with information on distribution and species richness. All recognized taxa will be clades; adherence to Linnaean ranks is optional. Synonymy is very incomplete (comprehensive synonymy is not a goal of the project, but could be incorporated). Although I anticipate producing a publishable version of this classification at a future date, my near- term goal is to produce a web-accessible version, which will be available to the public and which will be updated regularly through input from systematists familiar with taxa within the Lamiales. For further information on the project and to provide information for future versions, please contact R. Olmstead via email at [email protected], or by regular mail at: Department of Biology, Box 355325, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genus Aphelandra (Acant Haceae)
    SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY NUMBER 18 The Genus Aphelandra (Acant haceae) Dieter C. Wasshausen SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1975 ABSTRACT Wasshausen, Dieter C. The genus Aphelandra (Acanthaceae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, number 18, 157 pages, 56 figures, frontispiece, 1975.- The purpose of this study is to discuss, in an orderly fashion, all of the known and recognized species of Aphelandra, so that botanists in the future may be able to identify their collections of the genus and detect further undescribed species. The genus was proposed in 1810 by Robert Brown to include three disjunct species of Justicza. The only comprehensive treatment of the genus appeared in 1847, when Nees von Esenbeck published a total of 47 species in 3 genera, two of which are in synonymy. As a result of the present study, in addition to the 31 newly described species, 167 taxa (165 species and 2 varieties) are considered as adequately describing the entities in this genus. The range of the genus extends from southern Mexico to northern Argentina and Brazil, being conspicuously absent in the West Indies. It is found at elevations between sea level and 4000 meters, in extremely local distribution in virgin forests. Aphelandra, one of the larger genera of the family Acanthaceae, is completely void of cystoliths, the familiar character by which most acanthaceous plants are recognized. Its flowering spikes are often large and beautifully colored, even to the bracts and bractlets, and in certain species variegated or colored leaves occur. Important characters in the genus that link large series of species are the presence or absence of spiny interpetiolar bracts; of teeth, spiny or otherwise, on the margins of the leaf blades or flower bracts; and of ocelli on the flower bracts.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting
    A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS LOCKHARTIA (ORCHIDACEAE: ONCIDIINAE) By MARIO ALBERTO BLANCO-COTO A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2011 1 © 2011 Mario Alberto Blanco-Coto 2 To my parents, who have always supported and encouraged me in every way. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many individuals and institutions made the completion of this dissertation possible. First, I thank my committee chair, Norris H. Williams, for his continuing support, encouragement and guidance during all stages of this project, and for providing me with the opportunity to visit and do research in Ecuador. W. Mark Whitten, one of my committee members, also provided much advice and support, both in the lab and in the field. Both of them are wonderful sources of wisdom on all matters of orchid research. I also want to thank the other members of my committee, Walter S. Judd, Douglas E. Soltis, and Thomas J. Sheehan for their many comments, suggestions, and discussions provided. Drs. Judd and Soltis also provided many ideas and training through courses I took with them. I am deeply thankful to my fellow lab members Kurt Neubig, Lorena Endara, and Iwan Molgo, for the many fascinating discussions, helpful suggestions, logistical support, and for providing a wonderful office environment. Kurt was of tremendous help in the lab and with Latin translations; he even let me appropriate and abuse his scanner. Robert L. Dressler encouraged me to attend the University of Florida, provided interesting discussions and insight throughout the project, and was key in suggesting the genus Lockhartia as a dissertation subject.
    [Show full text]