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Ethanol: Salvation Or Damnation?

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Ethanol: Salvation Or Damnation? University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Journalism & Mass Communications: Student Journalism and Mass Communications, College Media of Fall 2008 Ethanol: Salvation or Damnation? Mimi Abebe University of Nebraska-Lincoln Melissa Drozda University of Nebraska - Lincoln Cassie Fleming University of Nebraska - Lincoln Lucas Jameson University of Nebraska - Lincoln Aaron E. Price University of Nebraska - Lincoln See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/journalismstudent Part of the Journalism Studies Commons Abebe, Mimi; Drozda, Melissa; Fleming, Cassie; Jameson, Lucas; Price, Aaron E.; Veik, Kate; Koiwai, Kosuke; Hauter, Alex; Costello, Penny; Jacobs, Stephanie; Soukup, Amanda; Anderson, Emily; Vander Weil, Michaela; Smith, Shannon; Koperski, Scott; Wittstruck, Mallory; Johnsen, Carolyn; Starita, Joe; Stoner, Perry; Farrell, Michael; and Hahn, Marilyn, "Ethanol: Salvation or Damnation?" (2008). Journalism & Mass Communications: Student Media. 3. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/journalismstudent/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journalism and Mass Communications, College of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journalism & Mass Communications: Student Media by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Mimi Abebe, Melissa Drozda, Cassie Fleming, Lucas Jameson, Aaron E. Price, Kate Veik, Kosuke Koiwai, Alex Hauter, Penny Costello, Stephanie Jacobs, Amanda Soukup, Emily Anderson, Michaela Vander Weil, Shannon Smith, Scott Koperski, Mallory Wittstruck, Carolyn Johnsen, Joe Starita, Perry Stoner, Michael Farrell, and Marilyn Hahn This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ journalismstudent/3 ethanol: salvation damnaor tion? INTRODUCTION PROCESS What is ethanol? 2 20 Opening Essay Follow the Maize Ethanol is a clear, colorless, flammable, high- BY JOE STARITA BY MIMI ABEBE octane liquid fuel produced by the fermentation The step-by-step stages of ethanol production of plant sugars — such as those found in corn. OPENING 24 Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol, is oxygenat- 6 History of Ethanol ed. When added to ordinary, unleaded gasoline, Running on Empty: Food vs. Fuel BY MIMI ABEBE ethanol increases the oxygen content of the fuel BY MIMI ABEBE Ethanol’s controversial history dates back to the 1800s —helping it to burn more cleanly. Although The recent boom in the ethanol industry has resulted in a greater 28 ethanol is considered an alternative fuel, pure demand for corn, which, in turn, has led to a strain on the supply, Precise Portions ethanol isn’t generally used as a motor fuel. triggering higher prices BY CASSIE FLEMING Instead, it’s typically blended with gasoline at a 14 Precision farming assists farmers in meeting government rate of 10 percent (E10) or 85 percent (E85). Nightmares in the Ethanol Dream mandates for increased corn-ethanol production —Nebraska Ethanol Board, BY CASSIE FLEMING 30 American Coalition for Ethanol and Politicians are quick to endorse the benefits of Subsidies Support Ethanol Clean Fuels Development Coalition ethanol production. Others say that view is an illusion. BY AARON E. PRICE The ethanol industry receives subsidies from every level of government TO ORDER THIS MAGAZINE OR A DOCUMENTARY ON DVD, CONTACT: College of Journalism and Mass Communications FALL 2008 147 Andersen Hall PO Box 880443 DEEP is a periodic publication of the depth-reporting classes Lincoln NE 68588-0443 at the University of Nebraska– ATTN: Ethanol Depth Report Lincoln’s College of Journalism and Mass Communications. Phone 402-472-3041 or E-mail [email protected] COVER illustration by Marilyn Hahn ii TABLE OF CONTENTS WATER IMPACT THE FUTURE 34 46 66 Unlimited Resource or Looming Roadblock? Honing in on the Homeland Sweet Ideas: Alternative Biofuels BY AARON E. PRICE BY CASSIE FLEMING BY LUCAS JAMESON Conflicting needs for water complicate Nebraska’s effort In 2006, the United States was the world’s top energy user Scientists and farmers alike promote research of to meet ethanol production goals 54 alternative energy crops but without necessary funds 40 Ethanol and the Elements the search to find a cost-effective method continues Increased Corn Production Can Pollute Water BY MELISSA DROZDA and CAROLYN JOHNSEN BY AARON E. PRICE Using ethanol in place of gasoline helps to reduce carbon dioxide CONTRIBUTORS As farmers raise more corn for ethanol, they’re likely to use more emissions, but this solution may contribute to the problems 72 nitrogen fertilizer and other chemicals that can pollute water 58 Reporters, Photographers, Graphics, Documentary, 42 New Deal or No Deal Editors, Designers, Faculty Corn Monoculture No Friend of Biodiversity BY LUCAS JAMESON BY AARON E. PRICE Minden’s city officials hope their ethanol plant Federal mandates for corn ethanol, which encourage farmers to will spark long-term economic growth plant more corn, may threaten the biodiversity of grasslands 62 Genesis on Hold BY LUCAS JAMESON The Genesis plant filed for bankruptcy, leaving millions of dollars owed to companies and local farmers 64 Infrastructure Impacts BY CAROLYN JOHNSEN How will ethanol be moved around — from factory to distributor to vehicle? The University of Nebraska-Lincoln is an equal opportunity educator and employer with a comprehensive diversity plan. TABLE OF CONTENTS iii It was 1961.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. The first depth-reporting class produced a report on the Nebraska State Legislature that was thorough, provocative, insightful and informative. IThose University of Nebraska journalism students began a tradition of excellence that has continued through the years. Today, the Depth-Reporting and Documentaries program is a source of pride for students, faculty and alumni. It is the program that defines the College of Journalism and Mass Communications. Depth-Reporting and Documentaries is rooted in good fundamental journalism that aims to inform, explain and empower. It inspires passion, professionalism and a sense of possibility in the next generation of journalism lead- ers. PHOTOGRAPH BY TERESA PRINCE Lowell Vestal, an alumnus of the college and a Lincoln businessman and college alumnus Lowell Vestal (left) visits with Dean Will Norton Jr. at a Lincoln businessman, has contributed to this tradition college event in fall 2007. of excellence. The students and faculty of this college are grateful for his support and encouragement. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT BY JOE STARITA In recent years, a constellation of buzzwords has money in our collective wallets, cleans up the envi- up the cost of food, sparking riots in some parts of rumbled throughout the land, echoing up and ronment and helps free us from the clutches of the world? In the end, do alternative biofuel sources down the halls of Congress, across big-city boule- Mideast despots? — switchgrass, sweet sorghum, algae — offer better vards and out onto the open plains, penetrating In his 2007 State of the Union address, President results than corn? deep within Nebraska’s farm country. By now, George W. Bush declared that ethanol offered For nine months, a team of UNL student jour- Ieveryone — politicians, scientists, researchers and Americans the best hope for a stable energy supply. nalists — six print and four broadcasting — went all manner of everyday citizens – has become well- Among other things, Bush said, the corn-based looking for the answers to these questions. The stu- acquainted with the buzzwords: fossil fuels, carbon gasoline additive would help liberate the U.S. from dents read hundreds of pages of background mate- footprints, global warming, biofuels, alternative hostile foreign regimes and put money in the pock- rial, interviewed scores of scientists, researchers, energy, energy independence. ets of American farmers. To help achieve his goal, professors and energy experts by phone and e-mail, And with a vital presidential race heating up, oil the president decreed that 16 billion gallons of grilled a number of ethanol advocates in person, topping out at more than $140 a barrel and a gallon corn-based ethanol be available to American con- participated in an energy symposium at Stanford of gas now hovering near $4, questioning exactly sumers by 2017. University, traveled to Berkeley, Chicago and Kansas what those phrases mean has become more critical But in short order, the presidential directive City, and visited ethanol plants, rural communities than ever. spawned as many questions as answers: Would a and cattle country to try to get to the bottom of this Can a nation that constitutes 3 percent of the network of ethanol plants in Corn Country really elusive, complex issue. global population but consumes 25 percent of its oil revitalize rural communities? Does corn-based The results of their months-long research can be dramatically reduce its reliance on fossil fuels? Can ethanol require more energy to create than it yields? found in the following stories, graphics and photo- we come up with an alternative fuel that keeps more Are there health risks and environmental issues to graphs. contend with? Has using corn for fuel helped drive — JOE STARITA INTRODUCTION v n a Sunday evening, Anabel Ostiguin bustled about her small kitchen mak- ing dinner for her hungry family. RUNNING ON EMPTY O The 37-year-old mother of six, who moved from Chicago to Lincoln in 1993, carefully placed a stack of chicken-and-cheese quesadillas on a serving plate. With the sticker shock that greets her on each trip to the grocery store, Ostiguin struggles to provide even basic food for her family of eight. FOOD VS. FUEL So every few months, the Ostiguins make a nine- hour drive from Lincoln to Chicago in their copper- The recent boom in the ethanol industry has resulted in a greater demand for colored ’98 Chevy Suburban to stock up on tor- tillas, bought directly from El Milagro, a tortilla corn, which, in turn, has led to a strain on the supply, triggering higher prices. manufacturer that offers prices lower than the fam- ily can find in Lincoln.
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