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Military History of Wisconsin

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Military History of Wisconsin MILITARY HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. CHAPTER I. ACTION OF THE STATE AUTHORITIES IN 1861. STATE ADMINISTRATION OF 1860 AND 1861—RESOURCES—LEGISLATURE OF 1861—GTOVERNOR'S MESSAGE—LAWS PASSED—FORT SUMTER— POPULAR EXCITEMENT—CALL FOR 75,000 MILITIA—G-OVERNOR'S PRO­ CLAMATION—FIRST TENDER OP SERVICE—ONLY ONE REGIMENT— RESERVE REGIMENTS AUTHORIZED—FIRST REGIMENT ORGANIZED— CAPTAIN LITTLE—PROCLAMATION TO WOMEN OP WISCONSIN—To THE PEOPLE—COMPANIES TENDERING SERVICE—SURGEON GENERAL WOL­ COTT—ADJUTANT GENERAL UTLEY—CAMP RANDALL—SECOND, THIRD, AND FOURTH REGIMENTS—DEFENSE OF WASHINGTON—MEETING OF LOYAL GOVERNORS—GOVERNOR'S LETTER TO PRESIDENT LINCOLN- GENERALS KING AND SCHURZ—Two MORE REGIMENTS ACCEPTED— PATRIOTIC WOMEN—LETTER OF GOVERNOR RANDALL. N November, 1859, His Excellency Governor Alex. W. Ran T dall, was reelected to the office of Governor of Wisconsin, and ' entered upon the duties of his second term on the first Mon- , day of January, 1860. The other State officere, elected in 1859, were the Hon. Butler G. Noble, as Lieutenant Governor, Hon. Louis P. Harvey, Secretary of State, Hon. Samuel D. Hastings, State Treasurer, being his second term, Hon. J. H. Howe, Attor­ ney General, Hon. J. L. Pickard, State Superintendent of Schools, and Hon. G. Van Steenwyck, Bank Comptroller. The above named individuals composed the State administration for the years 1860 and 1861. The reports of the several State officers, in 1860, exhibited the condition of the State before the outbreak of the rebellion. 3 34 MILITARY HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. The decennial enumeration of the population of the State was made in the year 1859, and Wisconsin was found to contain 775,881 inhabitants, being an increase of 470,490 in ten years, the population in 1850 being 305,391. AVisconsin was organized as a Territory in July, 1836, at which time the enumeration showed a population of 11,683. From that period up to 1842, the population increased very slowly, the tide of emigration not setting towards Wisconsin until that year, when the population of the State rapidly rose from 44,478, in the year 1842, to 155,277, in 1846. AVisconsin was organized as a State in 1848, when it was admitted into the Union. In 1846, the first wave of the great flood of emigration from the old countries reached the western shore of Lake Michigan, and from that time, yearly, our State has received a large share of population from that source. We desire to show, by the above statement, the aggregate of the population of the State immediately preceding the war, and to state that fully one-third of our people being of foreign birth, many of them were not liable to do military duty, not being recognized as United States citizens. In round numbers, the population of Wisconsin, at the beginning of 1861, was about 800,000. The valuation of real and personal estate, in 1861, wad as follows : Number of acres assessed S17,298,631 dS^ Aggregate value of lands, exclusive of city and village lots 96,51.3,421 77 ^ " " " " of city and village lots, 32,01.3,734 42" Total aggregate of real property, as assessed, 128,527,1.56 19 " " " " " as equalized by State Board, 158,175,360 58 Aggregate value of personal property, 24,331,861 55 Total value of all property in the State, as equalized by the State Board of Equalization, was 1S2,.507,222 13 At the beginning of 1861, the total banking capital of the State was $7,237,000, with a circulation of $4,580,832, which was secured by the deposit of State stocks to the amount of $5,120,080, and specie amounting to $88,725 50. Of the State stocks deposited for security, as above stated, $3,163,560 were issued by States who were eventually in open rebellion against the government. In consequence of the attitude assumed by these States, their stocks rapidly depreciated in the New York market, and the Bank Comptroller was obliged to call for further security from the banks of the State. This crippled many of the RESOURCES OF THE STATE. 35 banking institutions, and the financial afiairs of the State were in a very critical condition when the war of the rebellion began in April, 1861. This state of affairs was in a great degree reme­ died during the summer of that year, by the sale of the State bonds authorized to be issued at the regular and extra sessions of the Legislature, in 1861, for war purposes. These bonds were sold to the bankers of the State, on condition that they should be deposited as security for the circulation then outstanding. To effect this, the stocks of the rebellious States were disposed of at the best price to be had in New York, and the proceeds invested in Wisconsin State bonds. We cite these statistics of the State to show its numerical, eco­ nomical and financial condition prior to the terrible contest which, for the past four years, has drawn so enormously upon the resources of the country, in the shape of men and money. The educational and other institutions of the State exhibited a good degree of prosperity, but as they were only incidentally affected by the war, we content ourselves by merely mentioning the ao-OTCgate amounts of the different funds under the manas^e- ment of the State officers: The School Fund was estimated at 13,234,156 00 on the 1st of October, 1860. " University" " " " 286,72.5 92 " " « " " « The number of persons between the ages of four and twenty, as reported to the Superintendent of Public Instruction, for 1860, was 288,984, of which number, 199,455 attended school during the year. Such was the condition of Wisconsin when she was called upon to aid the General Government in its effort to sustain itself against the designs of the secession conspirators. The commer­ cial affairs of the State were sadly embarrassed by the deprecia­ tion of the currency, which was felt very severely by the State authorities when they entered upon the labor of raising forces for the National defense. The designs of the secessionists were so far developed at the close of 1860 as to show that resistance to the National authority had been fully determined on. The formal act of secession in South Carolina, on the 20th of December, the seizure of the forts, arsenals and other property of the Nation, in the Southern 36 MILITARY HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. States, indicated that a struggle was at hand, which would necessi­ tate a call, on the part of the President, for a military force, in order to preserve the National authority. It is not the province of this work to discuss the points at issue or to enumerate the causes which led the Southern States to seek a disruption of the Union. Those matters more properly belong to the general historian. Our mission is merely to show what a single State has done towards sustaining the National Govern­ ment in its great struggle for existence—to gather, and place in permanent form, the deeds of those of its people who went forth to battle for the preservation of the blessings which our favored country had so long enjoyed, under the liberal principles of our National Constitution. The open acts of the conspirators attracted the attention of the authorities of the loyal States, and their several Executives took early occasion to lay before their respective legislative bodies the necessity of such action as would empower them to respond to any call which might be made by the President for aid to put down the threatened insurrection. The Legislature of Wisconsin met at Madison on the 9th day of January, 1861. In his annual message. Governor Randall set forth the dangers which threatened the National Union, as de­ veloped in the actions of the secessionists np to that date. He also elaborately argued the question of the right of a State to secede from the Union, and goes on to say : A variety of excuses are made for the threatening attitude assumed toward the Government and Union. Tlie extreme Southern States complain of the personal liberty laws, and demand their immediate and unconditional repeal. * * * Further com­ plaints are made because of the difficulty of enforcing the Fugitive Slave Law in the North. ******************* Personal liberty laws are found, or should be found, upon the statutes of every State. Tliey ought to be there. All States have them, both North and South, varying in -their character and provisions, yet still personal liberty laws. The highest duty of the Leg­ islature of any civilized State Is to provide, by every constitutional means for tlie protec­ tion of the rights of person of the citizens. So a law for the protection and preservation of the liberty of the people cannot be too stringent, If it Is witliln the Constitution. The States never surrendered the right to protect the person of citizens. Eveiy living human being has a right to a legal test of the question of whether he is a free man or a slave. While it cannot be consented that laws, looking -to the protection of liberty, should bo repealed, yet all such laws should conform to the Constitution of the United States. If, on a close examination and scrutiny, you are satisfied that any of the provisions of our personal liberty laws are In conflict with the Constitution, it will be your duty, as your pleasure, to so change them that they shall conform to that Constitution. But no fear, no favor, no hope of reward, no demand, no threat, should ever induce or drive a free GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE, 37 people to break down the walls of their protection.
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