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Llorenç Garcias Font, Científic I Promotor Cultural

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Llorenç Garcias Font, Científic I Promotor Cultural LLORENÇ GARCIAS FONT, CIENTÍFIC I PROMOTOR CULTURAL la ciència a les Illes Balears / 10 Mireia Garcias i Guillem X. Pons (Eds.) LLORENÇ GARCIES I FONT, CIENTÍFIC I PROMOTOR CULTURAL Presentació: Hble. Sra. Pilar Costa Serra Consellera d’Innovació, Interior i Justícia Pròlegs: Dr. Josep M. Ninot Sugrañes President de l’Institució Catalana d’Història Natural (ICHN) Sr. Antoni Maria Grau Jofre President de la Societat d’Història Natural de les Balears (SHNB) Dr. Antoni Real Ramis President del Col·legi Oficial de Farmacèutics de les Illes Balears Dr. Joan Llorenç Garcias Truyols Farmacèutic Coberta: Llorenç Garcias Font a la primera dècada del segle XX. Primera edició: maig 2011 © De l’introducció: Pilar Costa Serra © Del pròleg: Josep M. Ninot Sugrañes © Del pròleg: Antoni Maria Grau Jofre © Del pròleg: Antoni Real Ramis © Del pròleg: Joan Llorenç Garcias Truyols © Texts facsímils hereus de Llorenç Garcias Font © L’apotecari Pujamunt un ciutadà de la part forana: Mireia Garcias Buades © Llorenç Garcias Font a través de la premsa local: Pilar Garcias Maas © Llorenç Garcias Font un naturalista inquiet: Guiem X. Pons Buades © La tasca botànica de Llorenç Garcias Font a través del seu herbari personal: Arantzazu Molins, Josep Antoni Rosselló i Miquel Àngel Conesa © El Museu Regional d’Artà i les col·leccions naturalístiques: Catalina Artigues i Toni Muñoz Direcció de la col·lecció: Joan March Noguera © D’aquesta edició Carrer Francesc Salvà i Pizà, s/n 07141 Es Pont d’Inca (Marratxí) Mallorca Producció: GBR Produccions Gràfiques Carrer Bartomeu Castell, 32 07007 Palma (Mallorca) Tel. 653 54 56 76 ISBN: 978-84-15081-70-8 Depòsit Legal: PM 788 - 2011 ÍNDEX Presentació: Pilar Costa Serra 9 Pròleg: Dr. Josep M. Ninot Sugrañes 11 Pròleg: Sr. Antoni Maria Grau Jofre 13 Pròleg: Sr. Antoni Real Ramis 15 Pròleg: Sr. Joan Llorenç Garcias Truyols 17 Agraïments 19 L’apotecari “Pujamunt” un ciutadà de la part forana, per Mireia Garcias Buades. El capítol “El Museu Regional d’Artà” amb la col·laboració de María Ángela Garcias Truyols 21 Llorenç Garcias Font a través de la premsa local, per M. Pilar Garcias Maas 133 Llorenç Garcias Font un naturalista inquiet, per Guillem X. Pons Buades 140 Llorenç Garcias botànic 168 Llorenç Garcias ornitòleg 198 Llorenç Garcias entomòleg 211 Llorenç Garcias malacòleg 223 Llorenç Garcias geòleg i paleontòleg 225 Llorenç Garcias bioespeleòleg 232 Bibliografia 238 La tasca botànica de Llorenç Garcias Font a través del seu herbari personal, per Arantzazu Molins, Josep Antoni Rosselló i Miquel Àngel Conesa 243 El Museu Regional d’Artà i les col·leccions naturalístiques, per Catalina Arti- gues i Toni Muñoz 263 Facsímils de les seves publicacions científiques, documents, articles de la re- vista Llevant i fotografies 279 [7] Índex 281 Facsímils de les seves publicacions científiques 283 Facsímils de documents 437 Facsímils de la Revista Llevant 459 Fotografies 475 Índex onomàstic 483 [8] PRESENTACIÓ Hble. Sra. Pilar Costa Serra Consellera d’Innovació, Interior i Justícia Aquest llibre sobre l'apotecari Llorenç Garcias (1885-1975) posa de manifest que els illencs, a les primeres dècades del segle XX, eren capdavanters a les institucions científiques que es creaven arreu dels Països Catalans. Un molt jove Llorenç Garcias era present en el moment de la creació de la Institució Catalana d'Història Natural (1899), societat científica modèlica entre les de la seva classe. Garcias s'implicà des de l’època d'estudiant a la Facultat de Farmàcia de la Universitat de Barcelona en les tasques científiques de la Institució Catalana d’Història Natural mitjançant la col•la- boració amb un futur capdavanter de la ciència espanyola més avançada, Antoni de Zulueta (1885-1971). L'estada a Barcelona de Llorenç Garcias per estudiar farmàcia fou decisiva per formar la personalitat de Garcias Font. De Catalunya foren les seves principals amistats personals i científiques, com ara els naturalistes Joan Baptista d'Aguilar, els germans Josep i Salvador Maluquer i, també a Catalunya, va intimar amb el mallorquí Joan Alzina Melis, futur psiquiatre de renom, l’amistat del qual seria per a tota la vida. A Catalunya es va fer catalanista de la mà de noucentistes com ara el poeta Josep Carner i a Catalunya es va reafirmar el seu catolicisme catalanista i so- cial de la mà dels congregants naturalistes de Sant Lluís Gonçaga. De Catalunya foren els botànics amb els quals més es va relacionar Garcias ja des de Mallorca, com Pius Font i Quer o Antoni de Bolòs i el seu fill Oriol, entre molts altres. Un vegada retornat a Mallorca per exercir la seva professió d'apotecari a Artà, va mantenir tots els lligams amb les distintes institucions catalanes amb les quals havia connectat a l'època d'estudiant i es va convertir en un promotor d'iniciatives per a la promoció integral del seu poble, com l’associació cultural Minerva, la revista Llevant , una caixa rural, un sindicat agrícola, el Museu Regional d'Artà amb les seves dis- tintes seccions (ciències naturals, arqueologia, etnologia). Com a científic va publicar a les revistes naturalistes catalanes i es va convertir en el científic de referència amb qui volgueren connectar tots els naturalistes que varen venir a investigar a Mallorca entre la primera dècada del segle XX i els anys setanta d'aquest segle. Alguns dels científics de primer nivell que reberen la seva ajuda durant aquests anys foren, de manera no exhaustiva els geòlegs, com el mallorquí Bartomeu [9] Darder o el francès Paul Fallot, el botànic americà Hermann Knoche o el també bo- tànic italià Sandro Pignatti o l'ornitòleg Adolph von Jordans, entre molts d'altres. Va ser fundador de la Societat d'Història Natural de les Balears l'any 1948 i fou un soci actiu d’aquesta fins a la seva mort. En el vessant de catalanista convençut va ser fundador l'any 1923 de l'Associació per la Cultura de Mallorca i signant del Manifest de resposta als catalans l'any 1936. Per totes aquestes coses, Llorenç Garcias Font fou quelcom més que un farma- cèutic, botànic i naturalista, fou un "ciutadà " amb tota la plenitud de la paraula. La seva trajectòria des de la seva joventut, les seves cartes, les seves iniciatives, o els seus escrits a la revista Llevant evidencien la seva preocupació pels problemes d'Artà, el seu poble; l'economia, l’agricultura, l'aigua, el tren, la urbanització, l'educació, etc. Però és que, a més, Llorenç Garcias es preocupava del que passava a Catalunya, a Es- panya o al món, i opinava sobre el que veia des de la seva òptica de catalanista de Mallorca, autonomista, conservador i catòlic per damunt de tot. Si avui dia parlam de veïnatge universal i del fet que ens preocupen no tan sols els problemes de les ins- titucions o els territoris en què es desenvolupen les activitats quotidianes, sinó també els problemes que pugui tenir una comunitat o un sector social a les antípodes del nostre territori natural, Garcias Font tenia els mateixos sentiments fa aproximada- ment cent anys. És, doncs, aquest tarannà de ciutadà global el que proporciona una dimensió espe- cial a l'artanenc universal que va ser l'apotecari Pujamunt, Llorenç Garcias Font. Esper que aquest llibre, que conté l'essencial de les seves publicacions científiques, es converteixi en un merescut homenatge també a la seva persona. [10] PRÒLEG Dr. Josep M. Ninot Sugrañes President de l’Institució Catalana d’Història Natural (ICHN) Fa de molt bon prologar aquest llibre, que ens recorda qui va ser en Llorenç Garcias Font. Repassant la seva vida acadèmica, científica i professional, s’hi endevina un home molt capaç en totes aquestes vessants, i també profundament compromès amb la realitat social que l’envoltà. Hi degué fer molt, durant la seva infantesa, l’ambient familiar intel•lectual –fill del farmacèutic d’Artà, i net o nebot de mestres, metges i apotecaris. Amb tot just quinze anys, Llorenç Garcias obté el títol de Batxiller, i és admès a la Facultat de Ciències de la Universitat de Barcelona, per a cursar-hi els estudis de Far- màcia. Esperonat per la seva vocació naturalista, s’interessà sobretot per la química, la mineralogia, la botànica, la física,… Aquella Universitat dels inicis del segle XX aplegava un interessant conjunt d’acadèmics, que mantenien un ambient de gran res- ponsabilitat envers la cultura. Allí, més enllà d'una sòlida formació científica, en Llo- renç Garcias rebé una forta influència de professors i companys amb diferents interessos, però tots profundament amants de la cultura: l'història, l'art, la literatura. Tots, també, profundament valedors de la catalanitat. Junt amb alguns d’ells, el 1902 ja forma part de la Institució Catalana de Ciències Naturals. Aviat, el 1904, l’esperit crític i creatiu del grup on ell es movia (una desena), els du a refundar una escissió d’aquella primera Institució, i creen la Institució Catalana d’Història Natural (ICHN). Tot fa pensar que en Llorenç Garcias es trobava ben a gust amb l’esperit de la naixent Institució, que compaginava les ànsies per aprendre de la natura, molt fortes en els joves estudiants com ell, amb el rigor científic i el mestratge dels membres ja consagrats, com eren els grans naturalistes Joaquim Barnola, Jaume Pujiula, Joan Cadevall o Pius Font i Quer. Durant els seus anys d’estudiant des de Barcelona, i després des d'Artà, és molt present en les activitats de la Institució. Ja el 1905 n’esdevé el secretari, i també el no- menen ajudant botànic d’Antoni de Zulueta, que era el responsable de les col•leccions científiques de la Institució. Són freqüents les seves publicacions al Butlletí de la ICHN, moltes de caire botànic, i altres relatives a minerals, ocells o artròpodes.
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