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Notice of a Celtic Cross-Shaft in Rothesay Churchyard

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Notice of a Celtic Cross-Shaft in Rothesay Churchyard 410 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, APRIL 13, 1891. IV. NOTICE OF A CELTIC CROSS-SHAFT IN ROTHESAY CHURCHYARD. BY REV. J. KING HEWISON, M.A., F.S.A. SCOT. For many years there lay almost unnoticed, except by those who had a patrimonial interest in it, covering a grave in the Parish Churchyard of Kothesay rudela , y carved tombstone. Up till the present time an interesting vestige of the clan system lingere custoth n i sm whic nativd hol e familie f Buto s e retai havinn ni g their relatives buried in sections of the churchyard allocated to their names, such as the Neills (Macneils), Stewarts, MacAlisters, Mackurdys, MacGilchiarans, MacConachys, Bannatynes, McGilchatans, McGilmuns, othed an r families whose antique interesting names have unfortunately been Anglicised; and even incomers bearing any of these names have maintained some traditional righ sepulturf o t e with their clans there. Oe cla familyr nth n(o )e MacAlistergravth f o e e slalyings th sbwa , amid e profusioan th d worw no f grasno n e s beautifutraceth it s f o s l interlaced ornamentation were scarcely visible t I appeare. onle b yo t d a rough, crooked, silver-grey stone split froe finely-grainemth d mica- schis whicn i t northere hth e nIsl th f Butpare o f o te abounds faro S , . fortunately, it was the reverse, or less carved side of the slab which lay exposed to the weather, and thus left it unnoticed; but when I had it cleaned and turned over, its elaborately sculptured face indicated that it. was none other tha e shafcrossa n th f o t . Lengthwise the stone measures 5 feet 7 inches ; in breadth, tapering from 10 J inches at the base to 13 inches at the top ; and in thickness, varying from 3J inches to 3f inches. It also retains the slight natural curve of the bed from which it has been split. e mostTh remarkable t uniqueno f i , , e featurcross-shaftth f o e• , how- ever, is the existence of a tenon at its upper and broader extremity, indicating that the capital had been a separate piece, fixed by means of mortice-jointa form—alono t s a o s , g wito quadranttw h s belo t intwle o carefully bevelled sockets, still shaft—e visible sideth th f n o si e a high CELTIC CROSS-SHAF N ROTHESAI T Y CHURCHYARD. 411 cross, somewhat like that of Tuam (M. Stokes, Early Christian Art in Ireland, . 138)p . This tenon measure 8 inches s long, 1^ inch high, . Obvers2 d Figs Eevorsd an 1 ean . Cross-shaff eo t Rothesay. and 1-| inch thick. The socket on each side is cut 7£ inches from the 2 41 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , APRI , 189113 L . bas r nece o whic n ko e cross-heath h d rested. Each socket measures 3^ inch long, 1^ inch broad, and is cut with a bevel 2 inches deep. e obversee shafth Th f ts divideo i (fig ) 1 . d into three compartments— the traces of a plain, flat moulding, about 1 inch broad round each panel, being still visible. Ther havy ma ee been formerl ya fourt h compart- ment, wherfixew base no d eth s ei int buila o t foundation traco n t e bu , of carving existee lowesth n do t part when examine . Eacme f y hdo b these three panels contain a subjecs t carefully carve n reliefi d , despite e hardnes th e quart th d mic f o an sz a e lowesfieldTh . t panel appears filled with a Latin cross, rising out of a cushion or base, and is sur- mounted by two well-shaped crested birds, which resemble doves. The finials of this cross terminate in oval bosses. The middle panel displays a grotesquely shaped, cat-headed quadruped in the impossible attitude of walking in a forward direction with the club-hoofed forelegs of an animal, and in the opposite direction with the a manleg f o s. Vestige f eye-socketo s s remain. Three upright ears (unless they for ma crown ) complet e head d th matce an e ,thre th h e prongs of a tail which flourishes over its rounded back. The uppermost panel, which is much wasted by lamination caused by the weather, contains the figure of a horse, or more likely an ass, walk- ing, and ridden by a man. When first exposed, the delineation seemed to be that of a 'rider in the act of falling from or leaning upon the haunche assn a .f so Since exposur e figureeth s have become less distinct. The reverse, of the shaft (fig. 2) is considerably weathered and worn by passing feet. It has been divided into three panels, the upper and under being filled with interleaved ornamentatio simpla f no e character. e middlTh e panel displays n reliefi t a well-shapecu ,, d horse, wita h rider evidently carrying a spear. No inscription, in any characters, is visible on the stone. When I had the cross turned over, it was found to be broken into two pieces. After receiving the consent of the family who have a patrimonial interest in it, I had it securely re-united, set firmly into a substantial socket, and re-erected on the spot where it was uncovered in November 1886. I have since had some difficulty in tracing its history out of conflicting CELTIC CROSS-SHAF ROTHESAN I T Y CHURCHYARD3 41 . traditions , apparentlyis t I . pilgrima , mose Th t .trustworth y account of its migration is that " a MacAlister of Ascog brought it from ' the other sideAscoo t ' gs grav hi Farme lai h n desired e do o aftean t , t i dr death.s hi " Varying versions associate s stancit d e with Crossmore prominena , t cross-site ahout one mile south of Eothesay Church; with Kildavanan,1 Celtia e sit f th eo c churc n Norti h h Bute d witan ;h Meikle Kilmory farm, whic r generationfo h s beeha s n partly tenante y MacAlistersb d . No traces of a connection of this family with the two sites first men- tione discoverable dar . me y eb The Eev. William Lytteil, when prosecuting his philological studies in Bute for his Landmarks of Scottish Life and Language (Edinburgh, 1877), noted in his journal, at date April 3, 1873 : "Cross-shaft from Ascog farm. abou s i ..hundreo t tw I .t d year founss sincn wa do t ei t Ascoa y la gAscog farmhoust I . r abou e hundrefo e on t d fiftan dy years." This author kindly appended to the extract this note: " The Journal makes mention of the figure of 'a man on horseback,'—'of a ' sword,'— birds2 ' I think,'—, ' something lik a mythicae l animar o l ' dragon,'—' something like a deer at the foot.' " This form of the tradition does not coincide with the other that it was brought from " the other side," meaning the west side of Bute, which was well supplied with Celtic chapels and cemeteries. The clearest tradition asserts that it was transported to Ascog. I 1 Kildavanach has been referred to in The Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotlatid (April 14, 1890) in connection with the " Fragment of a Rnne-inscribed Cross-slab " foun Inchmarnockn i d name th s ea , givee islanth Bleau'n o i dt p sMa of Maruock t BleaBu . u doet givno s e Kildavanan Point, farm, hillr chapelno , , which lie a little north of the Inch upon the Isle of Bute. I am inclined to think that there may have been a mistake in attaching Kildavanach to St Marnock's chapel and cemetery. Blain (Hist, f Bute,o . 398)p n observana , t antiquary, who died in 1820, states that a chapel stood at Kildavanan. The Ordnance Survey marks a "chapel" upon Knocknavannan. This ruin is oriented, and its stone foundations fee 9 1y 1 6,b t feetstile ar ,l visible Survee Th . y also notes e oth n shore beneath this hill, " MacAllister' s s puzzle Davanao Gun.ha Wh s d" wa n hagiographers. The word may be a corruption of Adamnan. About one mile and a half away stood Kilmachalmaig Chapel, open till after 1591 (" Killumcogarmick "), the only relic of which is the Cross of Colmac figured in Stuart's Sculptured Stones (vol. ii. plate LVL). 4 41 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , APRI , 189113 L . know of no traces of oratories or cemeteries near that farm. And there appea o havt r e been Sittings from Meikle Kilmor Ascogd y farMi mo t , d vicean versd, n pasi t times y tenantrb , y named MacAlister. Last century a familther s f thaewa yo t nam Crioslagmhoiren i e , anothet a r Stewarthall, anothe t Kilchattana n rMeikl O . e &c Kilmor, y Brae (Blain, p. 92), "a small circular spot formerly enclosed (was) known by name th Cil-keranf eo , inducin gbeliea beefd thaha n t i tuseplac a s da e of sepulture." This was probably the little church of Ciaran, whose name was last century preserved by over forty large families (especially n thisi quartere isle),th f o viz. e Mac-Gill-Chiaransth , Sharpsw no , . Kilmory is in the Kerryfern quarter, formerly the possession of an ancient family e ISfeillsth , r Mgelso , adjoininn a f Buteo n , O . g farms i ruie th f Kilmorno y Chapel anothen o , site Kilwhinlecf th reo k Chapel.
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