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Amphibious Operations Joint Publication 3-02 OF TH NT E E A W E' L L D R I S E F E N M H D T M T Y R • A P E A C D I U • R N E I T M E A D F S O TAT E S Amphibious Operations 4 January 2019 PREFACE 1. Scope This publication provides fundamental principles and guidance for planning, conducting, and assessing amphibious operations. 2. Purpose This publication has been prepared under the direction of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS). It sets forth joint doctrine to govern the activities and performance of the Armed Forces of the United States in joint operations, and it provides considerations for military interaction with governmental and nongovernmental agencies, multinational forces, and other interorganizational partners. It provides military guidance for the exercise of authority by combatant commanders and other joint force commanders (JFCs), and prescribes joint doctrine for operations and training. It provides military guidance for use by the Armed Forces in preparing and executing their plans and orders. It is not the intent of this publication to restrict the authority of the JFC from organizing the force and executing the mission in a manner the JFC deems most appropriate to ensure unity of effort in the accomplishment of objectives. 3. Application a. Joint doctrine established in this publication applies to the Joint Staff, commanders of combatant commands, subordinate unified commands, joint task forces, subordinate components of these commands, the Services, and combat support agencies. b. This doctrine constitutes official advice concerning the enclosed subject matter; however, the judgment of the commander is paramount in all situations. c. If conflicts arise between the contents of this publication and the contents of Service publications, this publication will take precedence unless the CJCS, normally in coordination with the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, has provided more current and specific guidance. Commanders of forces operating as part of a multinational (alliance or coalition) military command should follow multinational doctrine and procedures ratified by the United States. For doctrine and procedures not ratified by the United States, commanders should evaluate and follow the multinational command’s doctrine and procedures, where applicable and consistent with US law, regulations, and doctrine. For the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff: DANIEL J. O’DONOHUE Lieutenant General, USMC Director, Joint Force Development i Preface Intentionally Blank ii JP 3-02 SUMMARY OF CHANGES REVISION OF JOINT PUBLICATION 3-02, 18 JULY 2014 • Incorporates appropriate material from Joint Publication (JP) 3-04, Joint Shipboard Helicopter Operations, and JP 3-02.1, Amphibious Embarkation and Debarkation. • Enhances the discussion on operation assessment. • Enhances the discussion of terminating an amphibious operation. • Enhances the discussion of go/no go criteria. • Enhances the discussion on command and control of operations ashore. • Enhances the discussion on movement categories. • Modifies the primary decision matrix. • Adds discussion on multinational considerations and intelligence support to the amphibious force. • Adds discussion on landing force support to defense of the amphibious task force. • Adds discussion on concealing the force. • Adds discussion on the three methods by which an amphibious ready group and Marine expeditionary unit can be employed. • Adds discussion on combat logistics force planning. • Adds discussion on composite warfare with an amphibious task force. • Removes discussion on commander, amphibious force. iii Summary of Changes Intentionally Blank iv JP 3-02 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... xi CHAPTER I OVERVIEW OF AMPHIBIOUS OPERATIONS General ........................................................................................................................ I-1 Conduct of Amphibious Operations ........................................................................... I-2 Applications ................................................................................................................ I-3 Types of Amphibious Operations ............................................................................... I-3 Characteristics of Amphibious Operations ................................................................. I-4 Capabilities ................................................................................................................. I-5 Initiating an Amphibious Operation ........................................................................... I-6 Force Closure and Aggregation .................................................................................. I-7 Phases of an Amphibious Operation ........................................................................... I-8 Terminating an Amphibious Operation ...................................................................... I-9 CHAPTER II TYPES OF AMPHIBIOUS OPERATIONS Overview ....................................................................................................................II-1 Section A. Amphibious Raid ...........................................................................................II-1 General .......................................................................................................................II-1 Planning and Execution of an Amphibious Raid .......................................................II-3 Section B. Amphibious Demonstration ...........................................................................II-6 General .......................................................................................................................II-6 Planning and Execution of an Amphibious Demonstration .......................................II-7 Section C. Amphibious Assault .......................................................................................II-9 General .......................................................................................................................II-9 Planning and Execution of an Amphibious Assault ..................................................II-9 Section D. Amphibious Withdrawals ............................................................................II-14 General .....................................................................................................................II-14 Planning and Execution of an Amphibious Withdrawal ..........................................II-14 Section E. Amphibious Forces Support to Crisis Response and Other Operations ...........................................................................................................II-15 General .....................................................................................................................II-15 Planning and Execution of Amphibious Force Support to Crisis Response and Other Operations ...............................................................................II-16 v Table of Contents CHAPTER III COMMAND AND CONTROL General ..................................................................................................................... III-1 Section A. Overall Command and Control .................................................................... III-2 Joint Force Commander ........................................................................................... III-2 Amphibious Force Organization .............................................................................. III-6 Amphibious Task Force ........................................................................................... III-6 Landing Force .......................................................................................................... III-9 Other Forces ........................................................................................................... III-11 Operational Areas .................................................................................................. III-11 Section B. Command and Control of Surface and Undersea Operations ................................................................................................................... III-12 Composite Warfare ................................................................................................ III-12 Command and Control of Surface Forces .............................................................. III-13 Command and Control of Antisubmarine Warfare Forces .................................... III-14 Command and Control of Naval Mine Warfare Forces ......................................... III-14 Command and Control of Surface Ship-to-Shore Movement ................................ III-15 Section C. Command and Control of Air Operations .................................................. III-17 Joint Air Operations ............................................................................................... III-17 Defensive Counterair ............................................................................................. III-17 Airspace Control in Amphibious Operations ......................................................... III-18 Navy Tactical Air Control Center .......................................................................... III-21 Air Ship-to-Shore Movement ................................................................................ III-22 Marine Corps
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