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SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 1974 VOLUME 2, NUMBER 5 Scientific

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SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 1974 VOLUME 2, NUMBER 5 Scientific TT T' SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 1974 VOLUME 2, NUMBER 5 Scientific notes and summaries of investigations in geology, hydrology, and related fields U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ROGERS C. B. MORTON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC The Journal of Research is pub­ Correspondence and inquiries concerning the Jour­ 20402. Order by SD Catalog No. lished every 2 months by the U.S. nal (other than subscription inquiries and address JRGS. Annual subscription rate Geological Survey. It contains changes) should be directed to the Journal of Re­ $15.50 (plus $3.75 for foreign mail­ papers by members of the Geologi­ search, Publications Division, U.S. Geological Survey, ing). Single copy $2.75. Make cal Survey and their professional National Center 321, Reston, VA 22092. checks or money orders payable to colleagues on geologic, hydrologic, the Superintendent of Documents. topographic, and other scientific Papers for the Journal should be submitted through Send all subscription inquiries and technical subjects. regular Division publication channels. and address changes to the Superin­ tendent of Documents at the above address. Purchase orders should not be sent to the U.S. Geological Survey The Secretary of the Interior has determined that the publication of this periodical is library. necessary in the transaction of the public business required by law of this Department. Library of Congress Catalog-card Use of funds for printing this periodical has been approved by the Director of the Office No. 72-600241. of Management and Budget through February 11,1975. HYDROLOGY Comparison of bacterial a j GEOLOGY phytoplankton populatio /GEOLOGY -- ----..i New evidence on the age of th'e under natural and laboratory Chert derived from magadiite in a top of the Madison Limeston conditions lacustrXne deposit near Rome,/ (Mississlppian), Bighorn Moun­ Malheur County, Oreg. ; tains, Wyoming a.nd.Mpntana v; (' . HYDROLOGY "~~ ---,_-^ Stratigraphy, structure, and geo- j' HYDROLOGV \ Aerial observatwns of suspended "~-L logic history of trie Lunar Lake RegionaHlowv system an sediment plumes in San Fran­ caldera/'bf-northern Nye County, water uali cisco Bay and the adjacent Nev. / Pacific Oceani, The association of geochemical.. an orri alias with._a_ negaiive gravity anomaly in the Chief / Mountain Soda Creek area GEOLOSY dead Creek County, Colo. >.^..GEOLOGY The Sargent-Berrocal fault zone Correlation between and its relation to the San __ -data" arid rock types Andreas fault system in the. Correlation of/uppermost Pre- Piedmont and Coastal Plafy'of southern San Frahtis«o Bay cambrian and Lower Cambrian . rfortlieast--VirgiQia and^refated region and Santa Clara \/a|ley, strata from southern to east- - -' area's \ Calif. central Nevada HYDROLOGY af-Hydrogeologic aspects of structural / deformation in the northern / Gulf of Mexico basin GEOGRAPHIC INDEX TO ARTICLES See "Contents" for articles concerning areas outside the United States and articles without geographic orientation. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH of the U.S. Geological Survey Vol.2 No. 5 Sept.-Oct. 1974 CONTENTS Abbreviations ....................................................... II HYDROLOGIC STUDIES Hydrogeologic aspects of structural deformation in the northern Gulf of Mexico basin ............. .......................................... P. H. Jones and R. PL Wallace, Jr. 511 Aerial observations of suspended-sediment plumes in San Francisco Bay and the adjacent Pacific Ocean. .......................................... P. /?. Car/son and D. S. McCulloch 519 Regional flow system and ground-water quality in western Ohio ................... S. E. Norris 527 Comparison of bacterial and phytoplankton populations under natural and laboratory conditions ...... ....................................................... T. A. Ehlke 533 Distribution of chlorinated hydrocarbons in stream-bottom material. ..... D. F. Goerlitz and L. M. Law 541 GEOLOGIC STUDIES Calculated volumes of individual shield volcanoes along the Hawaiian-Emperor chain .............. ........................................... K. E. Bargarand E. D. Jackson 545 Stratiform chromitite at Campo Formoso, Bahia, Brazil ....................AC. Hedlund, J. Fernandes de Couto Moreira, A. C. Ferraz Pinto, J. C. Convolves da Silva, and G. Vianney V. Souza 551 Detailed near-bottom geophysical profile across the continental slope off northern California . K A. Silver 563 Correlation between geophysical data and rock types in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain of northeast Virginia and related areas ............... Louis Pavlides, K. A. Sylvester, D. L. Daniels, and R. G- Bates 569 The association of geochemical anomalies with a negative gravity anomaly in the Chief Mountain Soda Creek area, Clear Creek County, Colo. .......................... G. C. Curtin and H. D. King 581 The Sargent-Berrocal fault zone and its relation to the San Andreas fault system in the southern San Francisco Bay region and Santa Clara Valley, Calif. ..............;..... R. J. McLaughlin 593 Stratigraphy, structure, and geologic history of the Lunar Lake caldera of northern Nye County, Nev. .... ...................... E. B. Ekren, W. D. Quinlivan, R. P. Snyder, and F. J. Kleinhampl 599 Correlation of uppermost Precambrian and Lower Cambrian strata from southern to east-central Nevada . ..................................................... .J.H. Stewart 609 New evidence on the age of the top of the Madison Limestone (Mississippian), Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming and Montana .................................... W. J. Sando and B. L. Mamet 619 Chert derived from magadiite in a lacustrine deposit near Rome, Malheur County, Oreg. ............ ......................................... R. A. Sheppard and A. J. Gude 3d 625 Spectrofluorimelric procedure using 2,3-napthalenediamine for determining selenium in rocks ........ .................................................... M.M. Schnepfe 631 Recent publications of the U.S. Geological Survey ........................... Inside of back cover ABBREVIATIONS A .......... ampere km3 ........ cubic kilometer A .......... angstrom kV. ........ kilovolt abs ......... absolute 1 ......... liter ADP......... ammonium dihydrogen Ib ......... pound phosphate 1m ......... lumen atm ......... atmosphere In ......... logarithm (natural) BOD ........ biochemical oxygen log......... logarithm (common) demand M ......... molarity; molar Btu ......... British thermal unit (concentration) b.y. ......... billion years m ......... meter °C ......... degree Celsius m2 ......... square meter cal ......... calorie m3 ......... cubic meter C.I. ......... color index m ......... molality; molal CIPW ........ Cross, Iddings, Pirsson, (concentration) and Washington MA ........ megampere cm ......... centimeter mA ........ milliampere cm3 ......... cubic centimeter mg ........ milligram coned ........ concentrated Mgal ....... million gallons d .......... day mGal ....... milligal DDD ........ dichloro-diphenyl- mi ........ mile dichloro-ethane mi2 ........ square mile DDE ........ dichloro-diphenyl- mi3 ........ cubic mile dichloro-ethylene min ........ minute DOT ........ dichloro-diphenyl- ml ......... milliliter trichloro-e thane mm ........ millimeter diam ........ diameter mmol ....... millimole DSDP ........ Deep Sea Drilling mo ........ month Project mol ........ mole Eh.......... oxidation-reduction mol. wt ..... molecular weight potential mV ........ millivolt emf ......... electromotive force m.y. ....... million years emu ......... electromagnetic unit Mg ......... microgram eu .......... entropy unit Mm ........ micrometer eV .......... electronvolt Mmho ....... micromho F.D.&C. ...... Food, Drug, and N ......... normality Cosmetic [dye] nA ........ nanoampere ft .......... foot . nm ........ nanometer ft2 .......... square foot OD ........ outside diameter ft3 .......... cubic foot PCB ........ poly chlorinated biphenyls g .......... gram PDB ........ Peedee belemnite g .......... gravitational acceleration pH ........ measure of hydrogen ion -y .......... activity coefficient activity gal ......... gallon ppm ....... part per million h .......... hour °/00 ........ part per thousand ID .......... inside diameter rad ........ radian IDOE ........ International Decade of s.......... second Ocean Exploration SMOW ...... standard mean ocean in. ......... inch water J .......... joule v ......... volt K .......... Kelvin v/v ........ volume per volume keV ......... kiloelectronvolt W ......... watt kg .......... kilogram w/w ........ weight per weight kHz ......... kilohertz wt ........ weight km ......... kilometer yd3 ........ cubic yard km2 ......... square kilometer yr ........ year Jour. Research U.S. Geol. Survey Vol. 2, No. 5, Sept.-Oct. 1974, p. 511 517 HYDROGEOLOGIC ASPECTS OF STRUCTURAL DEFORMATION IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO BASIN By PAUL H. JONES and RAYMOND H. WALLACE, JR., Bay Saint Louis, Miss. Abstract. Resistance of unconsolidated clastic sediments to struc­ subside, and large masses of sediments slumped gulfward as tural deformation, an inverse function of water content and pore deposition continued. The sediments of younger deltas leap­ pressure, has no uniform relation to depth of burial in the Gulf of frogged older deltas and spilled sandy deposits gulfward upon Mexico basin. Deposited rapidly along the northwestern margin of the Gulf Coast gcosyncline, sediments of younger deltas leapfrogged
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