JULY

2002

Issue 74

An Overview of World-Class Gold in ’s Newest Territory – Rob Carpenter Indian and Northern Affairs Canada PO Box 100, Iqaluit, Nunavut, X0A 0H0 Email [email protected]

Introduction The Lupin Mine is currently Nunavut’s sole gold producer and has poured over 3 million ounces of bullion since production began in 1982 (Fig. 1). However, recent gold exploration activities across Nunavut have resulted in several significant discov- eries which are at, or approaching, feasibil- ity. This renewed interest in gold explora- tion in Canada’s north is largely due to the availability of extensive, under-explored land parcels that are capable of hosting near-surface and high-grade gold deposits. Acquiring these large land parcels also im- proves the overall effectiveness of explora- tion and increases the chance of discover- ing much sought after gold “districts”, such as the well known Timmins and Kirkland Lake gold districts of the Archean Superior Province.

Emerging gold districts in Nunavut in- clude: the Hope Bay Project, located in the northern part of the Archean Slave Prov- ince; the Meadowbank Project, and; the Meliadine Project, both located in the Ar- chean Western Churchill Province (Fig. 1). These districts contain a total gold resource ,QVLGH WKLV LVVXH Fig. 1 – Generalized geology map of Nunavut showing the location of the producing President’s Message 3 Lupin Mine and the Hope Bay, Meadowbank, and Meliadine gold districts as well as other advanced gold exploration projects in the Archean Slave and Western Churchill Duncan Derry Medallist 11 Provinces (after Wheeler et al., 1997). William Harvey Gross Medal 13 exceeding 10 million ounces, hosted in at Hope Bay, Meadowbank, and Meliadine PACROFI VIII 16 least 15 individual deposits, and potential projects represent the three largest unde- for further greenfield discoveries in each veloped gold resources in Canada. This Calendar of Events 18 remains high. Collectively, the (Continued on page 4) 2002-2003 MDD EXECUTIVE LIST MDD Goals and Objectives

Chairperson: Frank Santaguida The Gangue is published quarterly by the Min- Falconbridge Ltd.,, Exploration office, Kidd Creek Minesite, P.O. Box 1140, Tim- eral Deposits Division of GAC and is distrib- mins, ON P4N 7B5; Tel: (705) 264-5200 ext. 8231; Fax: (705) 267-8874; uted to its members. The Mineral Deposits Di- email: [email protected] vision of the Geological Association of Canada is Canada’s foremost society for promoting the Past Chairperson: Steve Piercey study of mineral deposits by supporting local Dept. of Earth Sciences, Laurentian University, Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON and national meetings, symposia, short courses P3E 2C6; Tel: (705) 675-1151 ext. 2364; Fax: (705) 675-4898; and field trips. We sponsor the publication of email: [email protected] research relating to ore deposits and metallog- eny, and recognize the contributions of out- standing Canadian economic geologists by an- Vice Chairperson: Moira Smith nually awarding the Duncan Derry and Wil- Teck Cominco Limited, #600 - 200 Burrard Street liam Harvey Gross medals and the Julian Vancouver, BC V6C 3L9; Tel: (604) 640-5373; Fax: (604) 685-3069 Boldy Certificate. email: [email protected]

Publication Schedule: Secretary: Lyn Anglin SUBMISSION DATE Geological Survey of Canada, 101 - 605 Robson Street, Rm. 1401, Vancouver, BC December 15 January V6B 5J3; Tel: (604) 666-2562; Fax: (604) 666-1124; email: [email protected] March 15 April June 15 July Treasurer: Robert J. Cathro September 15 October Cathro Exploration Corp., 3230 Dogwood, RR#1, Chemainus, BC, V0R 1K0; Tel: (250) 246-4738 or, Arizona, Tel/Fax: (480) 423-1006; email: [email protected] Information for contributors: The objective of this newsletter is primarily to Publications: Dirk Tempelman-Kluit provide a forum for members and other profes- 4697 West 4th St., Vancouver, BC; sionals to voice new ideas, describe interesting Tel/FAX: (604) 224-5582; Fax: (604) 224-6903; email: [email protected] mineral occurrences or expound on deposit models. Articles on ore deposits, deposit mod- Professional Development – Field Trips: Dani Alldrick els, news events, field trips, book reviews, con- BC Geological Survey, 5 - 1810 Blanshard Street, Victoria, BC V8T 4J1; ferences, reprints of presentations to compa- Tel: (250) 952-0412; Fax: (250) 952-0381; email: [email protected] nies, mining groups or conferences, or other material which may be of interest to the eco- Program Chair for Vancouver: Steve Rowins nomic geology community are welcome. Dept. of Earth & Ocean Sciences, University of , 6339 Stores Manuscripts should be submitted by email in Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4; Tel: (604) 822-5065/6396; Fax: (604) 822-6088; WP or WORD format. A printed version email: [email protected] should be mailed or FAXed. Illustrations should be camera-ready (ideally as CDR digi- tal files); photos should be of good qual- Medals Committee: Dan Marshall Dept. of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser Univ., Vancouver, BC V5A 1S6 ity. Short items dealing with news events or Tel: (604) 291-5474; Fax: (604) 291-4198; email: [email protected] meetings can be submitted by FAX, postal mail or email. Contributions may be edited for clarity or brevity.

For Information & Submissions: Kay Thorne—THE GANGUE NB DNRE-Minerals, PO Box 6000 Fredericton, NB E3B 5H1 Email: [email protected] NEW MDD Website: David Lentz

http://mdd.harbour.com/ Dept. of Geology, University of New Bruns- wick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3 Email: [email protected]

July 2002 – Gangue No. 74  MDD DIRECTORS President’s Message

• John Thompson (2001-2004) Dear Members, Teck Exploration Ltd. #600 - 200 Burrard Hello to all new and long-standing MDD members. I am honoured to be tak- Street, Vancouver, BC. V6C 3L9 ing over the executive reigns for this year (2002-03). As Vice-Chairperson last Tel: (604) 687-1117; year, I was able to see firsthand the leading role MDD has taken with respect to email: [email protected] promoting and facilitating mineral deposit research through initiating and spon- soring publications, field trips, and meetings throughout the year. The recent • Jan Peter (2001-2004) GAC-MAC conference in Saskatoon exemplified this by sponsoring several ses- Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth sions, field trips, and one symposium. Special sessions that highlighted current Street, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8; Tel: (613) multidisciplinary research projects in (Athabasca Basin Uranium) 992-2376; email: [email protected] and in the (Yellowknife Gold) attracted much interest and MDD will be featuring these projects in future publications. Also during the con- • Georges Beaudoin (2000-2003) ference, MDD acknowledged the work of two outstanding researchers: Professor Dept. de geologie et de genie geologique, Alan Clarke (Queen’s University), the recipient of the Duncan Derry Medal, and l’Universite Laval, City, QC; Tel: Jan Peter (Geological Survey of Canada), the recipient of the William Harvey (418) 656-3141; Fax: (418) 656-7339; email: Gross Medal; their citations and acceptance speeches can be found in this issue of [email protected] The Gangue. Three papers presented at the conference were also recognized for their excellence and the authors were presented with the Julian Boldy Award (see • Mike Lesher (2000-2003) details elsewhere in this issue). MDD’s active participation in the GAC-MAC Dept. of Earth Sciences, MERC, Laurentian annual meetings demonstrates the scientific significance of mineral deposit re- Univ., Sudbury, ON; Tel: (705) 675-1151 search, but also represents the importance of this research to the exploration and ext 2276; Fax: (705) 673-6508; email: mining community. [email protected] MDD promises to uphold its level of activities in 2002-03 and this year will be an exciting one for me, personally. I will share my Executive duties • Tom Lane (2000-2003) (thankfully) with an extraordinary group of people. Professor Steve Piercey Consultant, , ON (Laurentian University, Sudbury), who now acts as Past-Chairperson, has left the email: [email protected] MDD legacy in great shape making my job a bit of a challenge to emulate his contributions. The new MDD Executive includes Moira Smith (Teck-Cominco • Metals Ltd., Vancouver) as Vice-Chairperson, who has several years of industry Dan Marshall (1999-2002) experience in exploration. Her nominators from the West Coast gave glowing Dept. of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser Univ., praises of her skills, enthusiasm, and work ethic that will benefit MDD greatly. Vancouver, BC; Tel: (604) 291-5474; Fax: Lyn Anglin (GSC, Vancouver) is also a new addition as Secretary, who replaces (604) 291-4198; email: [email protected] Gary Wells (Inmet Mining Co., Vancouver) after many years of excellent service

(many thanks). Outgoing personnel also include Andrew Conly (University of • Dave Peck (1999-2002) Toronto) as Past-Chairperson, who has fueled several projects on behalf of MDD Falconbridge Exploration Ltd. (take a bow – Andrew) and we hope we can still tap into Andrew’s ability to 21C Murray Park Road, , MB; make things work well. This year will also mark the final one for Robert Cathro Tel.: (204) 888-9860; Fax: (204) 885-4152; (Cathro Exploration, BC) as Treasurer. Replacing him will be difficult, since he Email: [email protected] has managed to keep the MDD financial portfolio growing despite hard economic times, so we will be aggressively seeking for his substitute. MDD is also on the • Jeremy Richards (1999-2002) search for someone to take on the duties of Short Course Co-ordinator. This role Dept. of Earth Sciences, Univ. of , is now faced with the growing problem of poor attendance and cancellations in Edmonton, AB; Tel: (403) 492-3430; Fax: which MDD is taking a serious look on how to improve this situation. Any sug- (403) 492-2030; gestions or volunteers are welcome to contact me. email: [email protected] This year is a benchmark for MDD, since we are celebrating our 25th year as a division of the GAC. A number of ideas are being pursued to commemorate • Derek Wilton (1999-2002) this; among them is to ask past executive, directors, and founders to attend this Dept. of Earth Sciences, Memorial Univ. of year’s GAC-MAC in Vancouver to be recognized at the MDD luncheon and to be Nfld., St. John’s, NF; Tel: (709) 737-8389; part of a special presentation. To add to all the excitement, MDD publications Fax: (709) 737-2589; that are on the horizon include two volumes presenting the results of both ongo- email: [email protected] ing EXTECH projects on 1) the uranium deposits in the Athabasca Basin, Sas- katchewan to be edited by Charlie Jefferson (GSC, Ottawa) and 2) the gold de- posits in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories to be edited by Lyn Anglin and Hendrik Falck (Government of NWT, Yellowknife). (Continued on page 10)

July 2002 – Gangue No. 74 3 Figure 3. Types of gold mineralization at Hope Bay. A) Underground photograph of quartz vein swarms (QV) overprinting iron-carbonate and white mica altered basalt from B2 Zone at Boston. Rock hammer for scale (photograph courtesy of Miramar Mining Corp.). B) Out- crop of massive to weakly laminated white quartz vein (QV) crosscutting weakly altered basalt from the Doris Hinge Zone. Rock ham- mer for scale. C) Drill core from the Naartok Deposit, Madrid area showing narrow quartz and iron-carbonate vein stockworks (QV) within heavily altered mafic intrusive rock. Scale provided.

Figure 2. Geological map of the Hope Bay greenstone belt showing north-south striking, belt-parallel stratigraphy and location of important gold deposits (modified after Gebert, 1999). Resource numbers include indicated and inferred ounces of gold and are taken from a Miramar Mining Corp. press release dated January 15th, 2002. paper will give a review of the overall geological setting of each Rock types are of these districts and summarize previous exploration work and lower green- current project status, as well as give brief descriptions of impor- schist grade ma- tant ore types. A final section will highlight other advanced gold fic volcanic projects and draw attention to possible “grassroot” exploration rocks with felsic opportunities in Nunavut. volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks and lesser Hope Bay ultramafic and metasedimentary rocks that are transected by a The Hope Bay greenstone belt is located in the northeast corner series of extensive, north-south-trending altered shear zones. of the Archean Slave Province (Fig. 1). The belt extends north- More detailed geological descriptions of Hope Bay are available south for some 80 km and is several kilometres wide (Fig. 2). (Gibbons, 1987; Gebert, 1993; Hebel, 1999; Sherlock et al.,

 July 2002 – Gangue No. 74 Figure 4. Meadowbank Gold District. A) Geology and location of gold deposits and occurrences of the Meadowbank area (map courtesy of Cumberland Resources Ltd.). Resource numbers include indicated and inferred ounces of gold and are taken from a Cumberland Resources Ltd. press release dated May, 21st, 2002. B) Outcrop of well-folded, oxide-rich, banded-iron-formation (BIF) from the Bay Zone, Meadowbank area. Scale provided (photograph courtesy of Canada-Nunavut Geoscience Office). C) Pyritic (PY) banded-iron-formation from the Meadowbank gold deposits. Assay result labelled on photograph (photograph courtesy of Cumber- land Resources Ltd).

Exploration and Mining Geology CIM’s quarterly journal

Issue number 3&4 for volume 9 (EMG) are now available; the ta- ble of contents and abstracts for this volume can be viewed at the EMG web site. http://www.cim.org/geosoc/indexEmg.html

One Special Issue is NOW available free for downloading as a pdf file. Subscriptions to volume 9 are available to members of MDD at a special affiliated rate of $CDN 75/ $US 55.

July 2002 – Gangue No. 74 5 2002). The Hope Bay gold project (100% Miramar Mining Goose Island deposits (Fig. 4A; Armitage et al., 1996; Sherlock Corp.) is comprised of dozens of quartz vein-related gold show- et al., 2002). In contrast, the Vault gold deposit is located 5 km ings and deposits occurring along the entire trace of the Hope north of the Meadowbank deposits and is hosted in a shallow- Bay belt. Significant gold deposits include the Boston deposit dipping zone of altered volcaniclastic rocks (Mills, 2002). To (1.588 million ounces of contained Au), Doris deposit (1.425 mil- date, the Vault deposit represents the only non-BIF hosted de- lion ounces), and the Madrid group of deposits (1.298 million posit in the Meadowbank district. Published resource estimates ounces; Fig. 2; see Miramar Mining Corp press release from indicate the combined global resource for the Meadowbank dis- January 15th, 2002 for details on resource estimates). trict is 3.008 million ounces of Au, including 2.07 million ounces contained in the Meadowbank BIF deposits and 0.94 million Initial gold exploration by BHP Minerals Canada Ltd. (now ounces at the Vault deposit (see Cumberland Resources press re- BHP-Billiton Inc.) in the Hope Bay belt from the late 1980’s until lease from May 21st, 2002 for details on resource estimates). 1999 resulted in the discovery of the Boston and Madrid deposits in 1991 and the Doris deposit in 1994; all were discovered Prospectors from Asamera Minerals Inc and Comaplex Minerals through grassroots prospecting and mapping. BHP spent over Corp. first discovered gold at Meadowbank in 1987. Subsequent $85 million (CDN), conducted over 115,000 m of diamond drill- drilling from 1989 to 1997 by Asamera and then Cumberland Re- ing and drove a decline at Boston in order to complete a 26,761 sources Ltd. (60%) and Comaplex (40%) defined a resource of tonne bulk sample there (Gebert, 1999; Mills, 2002). In late 1999, approximately 1.1 million ounces in the BIF-hosted deposits. In Cambiex Exploration Inc. (later Hope Bay Gold Corp.) acquired 1997, Cumberland purchased Comaplex’s interest to attain 100% BHP’s interest in the belt and entered into a 50:50 joint venture ownership. The Vault deposit was discovered in 2000, and drill- with Miramar Mining Corp. The joint venture conducted grass- ing in the Spring of 2002 discovered a new zone called the Con- roots exploration and in-fill drilling, which led to the discovery of nector Zone. The Connector Zone occurs between the North the Naartok and Suluk deposits in the Madrid area in 2001. In Portage and Third Portage deposits and early drill results include the Spring of 2002, Hope Bay Gold amalgamated with Miramar, 44.75 g/t Au over a 6.7 metre width. (Cumberland press release, giving Miramar Mining Corp. 100% interest in the Hope Bay May, 21st, 2002). Cumberland recently completed a favourable project. They are currently part way through a feasibility study preliminary assessment and is currently conducting in-fill drilling of the Doris deposit, and are actively exploring throughout the and an aggressive exploration program is also planned. belt. Mineralization at the Meadowbank deposits is related to sul- Several styles of gold mineralization are known at Hope Bay. phidized (pyrrhotite and pyrite), BIF-host rocks (Fig. 4C) and is For example, the Boston deposit comprises three en echelon best developed at the contact between ultramafic rocks and the zones (B2, B3 and B4), characterized by quartz vein swarms in BIF package (Armitage et al., 1996; Kerswill et al., 1998; Sher- fault zones occurring in belt parallel shear zones that occur near a lock et al., 2001). Armitage et al. (1996) suggests gold was mobi- highly altered volcanic-sediment contact zone (Fig. 3A). In con- lized along micro-shears that developed in thickened hinges of trast, Doris consists of a thick, steeply dipping and folded quartz shallow recumbent folds. In contrast, gold mineralization at the vein system hosted in weakly altered pillowed and massive ba- Vault deposit is hosted in a northeast-trending, shallowly dipping salts (Fig. 3B; Gebert, 1999). Madrid is host to several closely zone of quartz-sericite-carbonate-pyrite altered volcaniclastic spaced deposits that are spatially associated with a significant rocks. high strain zone known as the Deformation Zone. Mineralization is hosted in narrow quartz stockworks that overprint highly al- Meliadine tered volcanic and intrusive rocks (Fig. 3C; Sherlock et al., The Meliadine district is located in the northern portion of the 2002). Gold grades at Hope Bay are fairly high in all deposits, as Archean Rankin Inlet greenstone belt, within the Western Chur- the average grade of the three deposits discussed above is 15.4 g/t chill Province, approximately 30 km west of (Fig. 1 Au (Miramar Mining Corporation press release, January 15th, and 5A). The Rankin Inlet belt is comprised of a series of polyde- 2002). formed and metamorphosed Archean supracrustal rocks uncon- formably overlain by Paleoproterozoic sedimentary rocks of the Meadowbank Hurwitz Group (Laporte, 1983; Tella, 1994; Tella and Shau, The Meadowbank gold district (100% Cumberland Resources 1994). Several gold deposits are known at Meliadine, which are Ltd.) is hosted in Archean supracrustal rocks of the Western closely associated with a >65 km regional structure known as the Churchill Province, approximately 70 km north of the community Pyke Break (Fig. 5A). The Pyke Break is a several kilometre of Baker Lake (Fig. 1 and 4A). These rocks form part of the wide, north-dipping, high strain zone that extends west-northwest Woodburn Lake Group, which includes a diverse assemblage of from Hudson Bay to Peter Lake (Armitage et al., 1993; Miller et quartzite, conglomerate, ultramafic to felsic volcanic rocks and al., 1995; Lavigne et al., 1998; Carpenter, unpub. data). The derived sediments, with interbedded oxide facies banded-iron- western half of the Pyke Break is covered by the West Meliadine formation (BIF) (Fig. 4B; Henderson et al., 1991; Zeleski et al., joint venture (56% WMC Resources Inc., 22% Cumberland Re- 1999; Sherlock et al., 2001). The Meadowbank area comprises sources Ltd. and 22% Comaplex Minerals Corp.) and the eastern four near surface and closely spaced BIF-hosted gold deposits, half of the Pyke Break is covered by East Meliadine joint venture including the North Portage, Third Portage – Bay Zone, and (50% Cumberland and 50% Comaplex). Gold occurrences are

July 2002 – Gangue No. 74 

Figure 5. Meliadine Gold District. A) Sketch of the Rankin Inlet and Meliadine Lake area, illustrating the trace of the Pyke Break and associated gold deposits within both East and West Meliadine. Resource numbers include indicated and inferred ounces of gold and are taken from Cumberland Resources Ltd. Annual Report for year 2000. B) Outcrop of sheared and mineralized banded-iron- formation (BIF) from the F-Zone deposit of West Meliadine. Note gold-bearing, white quartz and iron-carbonate vein (QV) over- printing BIF. Hammer shown for scale. C) Slab of laminated fault-fill quartz vein (QV) from the Tiriganiaq Lower Fault Zone, West Meliadine. Fine-grained sulphides and native gold are typically found within sericitic ribbons (grey). Scale provided. D) Polished slabs of typical BIF hosted gold mineralization. Upper slab shows pyrrhotite (PO) replacing grunerite and magnetite and lower slab illustrates pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite (PO + ASPY) bearing quartz veins in BIF. Both samples are from the F-Zone deposit, West Meliadine. Scale provided.

July 2002 – Gangue No. 74  known along the entire length of the break, however, the most BIF. Kinross is currently completing a drill program at Goose significant known deposits occur in the Wesmeg area of West Lake. In the Western Churchill Province, Comaplex Minerals Meliadine (Fig. 5A). Corp. and their joint venture partner Placer Dome Inc. are com- pleting a drill program on the Noomut River claims, located ap- The Meliadine story also began in 1987, when a prospecting team proximately 280 km southwest of Meliadine (Fig. 1). Numerous from Asamera Minerals Inc. and Comaplex Minerals Corp. vis- surface gold showings are known at Noomut and are hosted in ited gold anomalies north of Rankin Inlet that were previously several host rocks including BIF and gabbro. reported by nickel explorers in the early 1970’s. They obtained values of 5.0 g/t Au from arsenopyrite-bearing quartz veins. Fol- Numerous greenstone terranes have received only minor explora- low-up sampling yielded results of 1.21 oz./t Au over 4.0m from tion work and could represent grassroot targets for future gold what is now known as the Discovery deposit (Fig. 5A; Dickson, districts. For example, the Committee Bay greenstone belt in the 1989). Exploration from 1990 to 1994 resulted in the discovery Western Churchill Province is comprised of a >100 km strike of the F-Zone and Pump deposits, as well as numerous showings length of Archean supracrustal rocks that are likely correlative along the trace of the Pyke Break. Cumberland Resources Ltd. with rocks that host the Meadowbank deposits (Fig. 1). Previous subsequently purchased Asamera’s interest in the Meliadine (and exploration programs have identified numerous high-grade gold Meadowbank) property in 1993. In 1995, WMC International showings along the entire length of the belt, however, sustained Limited joined the West Meliadine joint venture and spent in ex- and well-funded exploration programs have been lacking recently cess of $55 million, including >100,000m of exploration drilling in the area. Nonetheless, the Canada-Nunavut Geoscience Office and in-fill drilling, as well as prospecting and geophysics. Sig- is currently in year three of an integrated geoscience mapping nificant results included the discovery of the Tiriganiaq (“Tir-e- program at Committee Bay. The project will provide baseline un-yak”) and Wolf deposits and upgrading of other deposits in geological mapping, complimented by regional esker and till the Wesmeg area (Fig. 5A). A global resource calculation for the sampling and airborne geophysics. four Wesmeg gold deposits is 20.3 million tonnes grading 7.05 g/ t Au, based on a 3 g/t Au cut-off (Cumberland Resources Ltd. Nunavut covers approximately 22% of Canada’s landmass, and is 2000 Annual Report). In mid 2000, WMC made a corporate de- host to several world-class gold and base metal deposits. Explo- cision to divest its world-wide gold interests in favour of other ration expenditures in 2001 exceeded $60 million and this total is commodities. As a result, only minor exploration has occurred at expected to increase in 2002. Much exploration attention has West Meliadine since 2000 and WMC is looking for potential been drawn to Nunavut recently for diamond potential in the buyers. northern Slave Province and northern Baffin Island. Significant diamondiferous kimberlite discoveries in these areas have Gold mineralization at Meliadine is related to an increased abun- spurred staking rushes totalling over 2 million acres. Nonethe- dance of quartz and iron-carbonate veining, iron sulphides less, gold projects will remain a staple for the mineral exploration (mainly arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite), and accompanying silicate industry in Nunavut for years to come. In other words, in Nuna- alteration minerals. These occur mainly in sheared BIF host rocks vut, all that glitters is not necessarily diamonds! (Fig. 5B) and within sheared volcanic-sediment contact zones (Armitage et al., 1993; Miller et al., 1995; Lavigne et al., 1998). Acknowledgments The Tiriganiaq deposit is comprised of two en echelon zones: the Upper Contact Zone and the Lower Fault Zone. Mineralization All of the exploration companies mentioned in this paper are in the Upper Contact zone is associated with narrow, arsenopy- thanked for allowing access to the various properties and in some rite-bearing, quartz-iron-carbonate veins overprinting oxide-rich cases, funding for field and analytical work. Cumberland Re- BIF, however, the Lower Fault Zone is comprised of quartz veins sources Ltd., Miramar Mining Corp. and the Canada-Nunavut filling fault zones and associated stockworks hosted in pelitic Geoscience Office also kindly provided several maps and photo- rocks (Fig. 5C). All other deposits at Wesmeg are hosted in BIF, graphs. including the F-Zone, Pump, and Wolf deposits (Fig. 5D). REFERENCES Other Advanced Projects and Opportunities Armitage, A.E., Tella, S., & Miller, A.R., 1993. Iron-formation- A number of significant advanced gold projects are also cur- hosted gold mineralization and its geological setting, Meliad- rently active across Nunavut (Fig. 1). In the Slave Province, Kin- ine Lake area, District of Keewatin, Northwest Territories. In ross Gold Corp. has drilled approximately 20,000 m on their Current Research, Part C; Geological Survey of Canada, Pa- 100% owned Goose Lake – George Lake project since 2000. The per 93-1C, p. 187-195. Goose Lake Project is located approximately 200 km southeast of Armitage, A.E., James, R.S., & Goff, S.P., 1996. Gold minerali- the Lupin Mine (Fig. 1) and is comprised of several deposits with zation in Archean banded iron formation, Third Portage Lake a total resource of 2.8 million ounces of gold (see Kinross Gold area, Northwest Territories, Canada. Exploration and Mining Corp. press release, September 25th, 2001). Gold was first dis- Geology, v. 5, p.1-15. covered in the George Lake – Goose Lake area in the mid-1980’s Cumberland Resources Ltd., 2002. Meadowbank gold project: and mineralization is hosted in quartz veined and sulphidized Vault gold deposit to expand with high grades. Press Release

July 2002 – Gangue No. 74  02-09, May 21st, 2002. Wesmeg Claims, Meliadine West Property, , Dickson, G., 1989. Report on prospecting and sampling pro- Nunavut. Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Devel- gram, Meliadine River Project. Department of Indian Affairs opment (DIAND), Nunavut Regional Office, Iqaluit, Nuna- and Northern Development (DIAND), Nunavut Regional Of- vut. Assessment Report #084037. fice, Iqaluit, Nunavut. Assessment Report #082857. Miller, A.R., Balog, M.J., and Tella, S., 1995. Oxide iron- Gebert, J.S., 1993. Geology and mineral potential of the Archean formation hosted lode gold, Meliadine Trend, Rankin Inlet Hope Bay and Elu Inlet volcanic belts, northeastern Slave Group, Churchill Province, Northwest Territories. In Current structural province, , N.W.T.. Northern Research 1995-C; Geological Survey of Canada, p. 163-174. Affairs Program, Northwest Territories Geology Division, Mills, A. (compiler), 2002. Nunavut – mining, mineral explora- EGS Paper 1993-1, 103 p. tion and geoscience 2001. Minerals Oil and Gas Division, Gebert, J.S., 1999. Hope Bay Project Exploration Overview. In- Government of Nunavut, 35p. ternal Report, BHP Minerals Canada Ltd, 367 p. Miramar Mining Corp., 2002. Resource update for Hope Bay Gibbons, W.A., 1987. Preliminary geology of the central Hope Project. Press Release 02-1, January 15th, 2002. Bay volcanic belt, northern portions of NTS 77A/3, 6. North- Sherlock, R.L., Alexander, R.B., March, R., Kellner, J. and Bar- ern Affairs Program, Northwest Territories Geology Division, clay, W.A., 2001. Geological setting of the Meadowbank EGS Paper 1987-12, 1:50,000 scale geology map with mar- iron-formation-hosted gold deposits, Nunavut. In Current ginal notes. Research, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 2001-C11, Hebel, M., 1999. U-Pb geochronology and lithogeochemistry of 16p. the Hope Bay greenstone belt, Slave structural province, Sherlock, R.L., Carpenter, R.L., Bardoux, M., Flood, E., and Northwest Territories. Unpublished MSc thesis, University of Kleespies, P., 2002. Volcanic relationships and gold miner- British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., 96 p. alization in the Wolverine-Madrid corridor, Hope Bay vol- Henderson, J.R., Henderson, M.N., Pryer, L.L., & Cresswell, R. canic belt, Nunavut. In Current Research, Geological Survey G., 1991. Geology of the Whitehills-Tehek Lakes area, Dis- of Canada, Paper 2002-C9, 11p. trict of Keewatin: an Archean supracrustal belt with iron- Tella, S., 1994. Geology, Rankin Inlet (55K/16) and Falstaff Is- formation-hosted gold mineralization in the central Churchill land (55J/13) and Marble Island (55J/11). Geological Survey Province. In Current Research, Geological Survey of Canada, of Canada, Open File 2968. Scale 1:50,000. Paper 91-1C, p. 149-156. Tella, S. and Shau, M., 1994. Geology, Gibson Lake east half, Kerswill, J.A., Goff, S.P., Wilkinson, L., Jenner, G., Kjarsgaard, District of Keewatin, Northwest Territories. Geological Sur- B.A., Bretzlaff, R., and Samaras, C., 1998. An update on the vey of Canada, Open File 2737. Scale 1:250,000. metallogeny of the Woodburn Lake Group, Western Churchill Wheeler, J.O., Hoffman, P.F., Card, C.D., Davidson, A., Sanford, Province, Northwest Territories. In Current Research, Geo- B.V., Okulitch, A.V., and Roest, W.R. (compilers), 1997. logical Survey of Canada, Paper1998-C, p.29-41. Geological Survey of Canada Map D1860A. Kinross Gold Corp., 2001. Press release September 25th, 2001. Zeleski, E., L’Heureux, R., Duke, N., Wilkinson, L., and Davis, Laporte, P.J., 1983. Geology of the Rankin Inlet area, District of W.J., 1999. Komatiitic and felsic volcanic rocks overlain by Keewatin, Northwest Territories, NTS 55K/16, parts of quartzite, Woodburn Lake Group, Meadowbank River area, 55J/13, K/9. Northern Affairs Program, Northwest Territories western Churchill Province, Northwest Territories (Nunavut). Geology Division, EGS Paper 1983-4. In Current Research, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper Lavigne, J., Podetz, C., Sexton, A., and Brommecker, R., 1998. 1999-C, p. 9-18. Report on drill holes M97-126, M97-144, M97-172, M97- 174, M97-178, MB97-01, MB97-02 and MS97-03 on the Editors’ Note: This contribution was invited.

2002 Julian Boldy Award winners (Best Presentations at the GAC 2002 meeting):

1) Cousens, B.L.* and Falck, H. Geochemistry and origin of the Banting Group, Yellowknife Greenstone Belt: A mafic crust melting event in the Southern Slave province.

2) Hanley, J.J.* and Mungall, J.E. Experimental constraints on platinum-group element solubility in hypersaline aqueous fluids at temperatures above 600ºC: Preliminary results and application to fluid-modified deposits.

3) Layton-Matthews, D.*, Burnham, M.O., and Lesher, M.C. Trace element geochemistry of ultramafic bodies in the Thompson Nickel Belt: Relative roles of contamination and metasomatism.

CONGRATULATIONS!!!

July 2002 – Gangue No. 74  President’s Message (Continued from page 3)

The Atlas of Ore Minerals is progressing, but still has space for more contributions. The Atlas is anticipated to be ready for the Vancouver GAC-MAC and the cost is estimated to be $20. Please contact Dan Marshall (Simon Fraser University; mar- [email protected]), if you have something to submit. MDD is also considering how to increase its awareness to students and getting their involvement. A donation has been received to initiate a student fund, but the fund requires more money to establish a spe- cific program. More work on this is being done by Steve Piercey and Dan Marshall. Planning for MDD’s participation in the Vancouver 2003 GAC-MAC is well underway with several special sessions and field trips dedicated to mineral deposits, as well as an MAC short course on fluid inclusions. Professor Steve Rowins (UBC, Vancouver) is on the organizing committee and acts officially as the Society of Economic Geology Chair, but keeps MDD abreast of the planning process and keeps our interest in perspective. Over the past couple of years, MDD has also been involved in meetings concerning sustainable mining and resource devel- opment (a summary report of one conference was presented in The Gangue in July, 2001). Professor Jeremy Richards (University of Alberta, Edmonton), who is an MDD past-director, continues to be one of the chief proponents of these meetings, which have provided a forum for government-university-industry interaction and ultimately organized collaboration. Mining and exploration in Canada is caught within a confusing time of corporate mergers, low base-metal prices, fluctuating gold prices, market instability, environmental concerns, land rights disputes, and new commodity opportunities such as lithium, tantalum, and diamonds (to name a few). This has created a volatile situation, but exploration in the past year has moved along with major ac- tivity in the search for new diamond mines with recent success in the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, , Saskatchewan, Quebec, and Alberta, as well as a resurgence of gold exploration throughout Canada by junior companies looking to be the next Goldcorp Inc. story. Mineral deposit research may be critical to maintaining the exploration vitality here in Canada in the next decade, so these meetings will be interesting to follow. The next one is being planned by Jeremy as a symposium during the Vancouver GAC-MAC. I invite all MDD members to get involved in our activities this year or to provide suggestions for future endeavours, so feel free to contact me. I hope to uphold MDD’s enviable reputation this year as being GAC’s most dynamic division.

Frank Santaguida MDD Chairperson 2002-2003

CIM Conference and Exhibition (MONTREAL 2003) Montreal, QC - May 4 to 7, 2003

Conference themes: Globalization and the Impact on Mine Development, Mine Operations and Mine Closure and Globalization and the Search for, and Exploitation of, new Ore Deposits

Premeeting Workshops: Ore Mineralogy for Dummies, Remote Sensing for Dummies, and Exploration Geochemistry for Dummies

Postmeeting Field trips: Intrusion-related gold systems in SW ; Bathurst VMS deposits, New Brunswick; Carbonatites and Diatremes, Montreal, Quebec; Matagami VMS deposits, Quebec; southern Quebec deposits geol- ogy; gold deposits of Bousquet region, Quebec

MONTREAL 2003 is requesting papers (talks & posters) from the broad mineral industry community, including overseas, for Canada’s Premier Mining Convention. Each paper is allotted 30 minutes which includes a question period. As 5 or 6 papers are scheduled concurrently in each morning or afternoon session, presentations cannot exceed the 30 minutes allowed.

Deadline for Abstracts is November 15, 2002. Please submit your abstract through the CIM website at www.cim.org and click on MONTREAL 2003, and note that 400 words is the maximum acceptable.

Schedule: Abstract due - November 15th, 2002 Notification of acceptance - January 1st, 2003 Completed Short Paper - February 15th, 2003

July 2002 – Gangue No. 74  DUNCAN R. DERRY Medallist 2002 (Prof. Alan Clark) Introduced by Stephen J. Piercey - MDD Chair

Members and guests I am pleased to announce Alan Clark is this year’s winner of the Duncan Derry Medal. The Duncan Derry Medal is awarded annually by the Mineral Deposits Division to an individ- ual who has made significant contributions to economic geology throughout their career in the fields of research, teaching, and service to the community. Alan was born in England and received his undergraduate degree at the Royal School of Mines, Imperial College, London. Following his undergraduate degree he studied at Manchester University and obtained a Ph.D. from Manchester University where he studied the Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Cu-deposits in south- west Finland. His Ph.D. research was followed by a one year post-doc at McGill University undertaking experimental research on sulphide systems. His post-doc was followed by a one year position as a Lecturer in Economic Geology and Ore Mineralogy at Uni- versity College, London. In 1967, Alan then came to Queen’s University where he has been for 34 years. After viewing Alan’s CV, and the letters put forth by his nominators, it is clear that Alan is a renaissance man. Over his career he has published over 120 peer-reviewed publications, with research on deposit types ranging from porphyry Cu deposits, Sn-W de- posits, epithermal Au-Ag deposits, and skarn deposits throughout the world. Throughout his career, Alan has always had an inte- grated approach to understanding ore systems, from the mineral scale to the scale of an orogenic belt. He has always used field geol- ogy as a key tool in his research but has then applied numerous analytical techniques including: radiogenic isotopes, stable isotopes, fluid inclusions, sulphide equilibria, geochronology, electron microprobe, geomorphology, and igneous petrology, just to name a few. He has contributed significantly to ore deposits in Canada; however, he is probably best known for his long-term research in the Andeans. His research in South America has led to profound advances on our understanding of the tectonics and metallogeny of South America. Furthermore, his multi-disciplinary research on porphyry-Cu deposits in particular, and the controls on their gene- sis, has resulted in key advances in our understanding of the genesis of these deposits, and what the key ingredients are to form giant ore bodies. In addition to his research, Alan has contributed significantly as an educator. His legacy is impressive. He has supervised 29 M.Sc. students, 18 Ph.D. students, and numerous undergraduate student theses; most of these students have gone on to successful careers in industry, academia, and government, and many are international caliber scientists. Furthermore, his undergraduate courses in Economic Geology at Queen’s are legendary. Alan is noted for his ability to captivate an audience, challenge his students, and to inspire them in the wonders of Economic Geology. Alan Clark has been an excellent researcher and mentor throughout his career. His rigorous and integrated approach to science, and his dedication to teaching numerous generations of Economic Geologists are the measures of a true giant. Please now join me in congratulating Alan Clark, the 2002 Duncan Derry Medal winner.

ACCEPTANCE SPEECH FOR THE 2000 DUNCAN R. DERRY Award

I am honoured and flabbergasted in approximately equal measure by this award. When Dave Love placed Steve’s e-mail on my desk one morning, I assumed it was a somewhat byzantine joke. It was only by mid-afternoon, when the note was approaching an- chizonal grade beneath a paper thrust sheet on my desk, that it occurred to me that Dave is not unkind, and that there might be more to the matter. Before coming to Saskatoon, I was drawn aside conspiratorily by Kurt Kyser, no stranger to this situation, who ad- vised me to fall, in my acceptance speech, between stools - that of heartfelt thanks for all who have succoured me, from my grand- parents (the Cornish ones, not the Anglo-Scottish) to my pet goldfish, and, on the other hand, that of passionate analysis of the par- lous state of economic geology in Canada and beyond. Those who know me, however, will confirm that I haven’t a philosophical bone in my body, so I will risk Kurt’s ire by cleaving to the former model, that of thanking all who have taught me - parents, teach- ers and professors, of course, but even more, the undergraduate and, particularly, graduate students I have been lucky to work with. I first resolved to be what used to be called an economic geologist when, during World War II in Cornwall (recently a subject principality of the United Kingdom), a hitherto undocumented mine shaft opened up overnight in my back-garden. Thereafter, my adolescence was spent, whenever possible, climbing into the shafts of knack’d bals all over Cornwall, and talking to the “old men” who had spent their working lives underground - from Central City, Colorado, to Dolcoath in Pool. An undergraduate degree in Mining Geology at the Royal School of Mines then appeared unavoidable (Hayle men never thought much of those from Camborne), the three happiest years (1957-1960) of my life. Within a few weeks, Tony Millman had exposed to us the incredible, but subtle, beauty of opaque minerals in reflected light - this was empowerment - while our august Professor, David Williams, was agonizing in his lectures over his growing realization that Rio Tinto and the other deposits of the Iberian Pyrite Belt might be submarine- exhalative in origin. He may not have intended it, but he demonstrated perfectly how ore-genetic models should be assembled. Af- ter RSM, Manchester University thought they needed a mineral deposits graduate student, although not being quite sure what one might be. A Ph.D. project on a tiny, Andean-type tourmaline breccia deposit - Ylöjärvi, Finland, where no one spoke a word of Eng-

July 2002 – Gangue No. 74  lish - was supervised seriatim by W.A. Deer, R.A. Howie and, J. Zussman having developed cold feet, David Vincent. Four years in what was arguably the best hard-rock school in the world led, via an unrequited passion for arsenopyrite, to an 18 month NRC post- doctoral fellowship with Lloyd Clark at McGill - my only formal association with the Royal Institution that I am aware of. Lloyd showed incredible patience with the brash young man labouring to understand the low-temperature phase relationships in the system Fe-S, and learning that he was surely not cut out to be an experimentalist. Thence, back to the U.K. and further postdoctoral research, and then a lectureship at University College, London, the site, thanks to Sydney Hollingworth and Eugen Stumpfl, of the first fully operational electron microprobe in a British university. Here, events took an unexpected turn. Hollingworth, one of the last great all-round geologists, became ill, and asked if I would take over his on- going research in the southern Atacama Desert of Chile, specifically to examine the interrelationships of arid landforms and super- gene processes in Cu and Ag deposits. For whatever reason, the opportunity to work in an active mountain belt with close to total exposure did not appeal to me! To encourage me, he emphasized that I would be responsible for two excellent, if somewhat self- confident Ph.D. candidates, who had already spent a season in Copiapó - these were Cedric Mortimer and Richard Sillitoe, my first graduate students, and typical of most of a vast herd in that they knew more of what was going on geologically than I did. Holling- worth sickened further, and I was willy-nilly plunged into a lifetime of Andean research, his ashes to be scattered in the desert. A letter from Willis Ambrose then invited me, out of the blue, to come to Queen’s as a “mini-Kullerud”. I knew of Queen’s as the previous bailiwick of Ed Hawley, and the present site of Len Berry, the dean of sulphosalt mineralogy, Peter Roeder (the “best basalt man in the world”, according to Maurice Wells) and Doug McCartney, who had begun the first serious metallogenetic research in Canada, and, moreover, had two operating fluid inclusion set-ups. I came back across the pond in 1967, expecting to stay in sleepy Kingston for a few years but..... Despite Ambrose’s advice, I applied successfully to NRC for funds to work in the Andes, under the project title “The origin and delimitation of metallogenetic provinces at convergent plate margins,” a title I have not changed in 35 years - and still do not understand! The ensuing field and laboratory research on hypogene and supergene ore deposit geology in this adventure playground, and encompassing all salient aspects of the orogen, would not have been possible, and not nearly so fruitful, without the unstinting cooperation and friendship, and MS-10, of Edward Farrar, the sort of geophysicist who invariably asks the pertinent, but inconvenient, question. Life since then has involved teaching ore petrology - mainly trying to convince students that petrography of any sort is inherently time-consuming, but that the long laboratory hours are rewarding in the long run - and struggling intellectually with a succession of remarkable graduate students, all with distinctive abilities, and most with radical insights into key problems. They cannot all be cited, but the long term success of our Central Andean Research Programme stems directly from the original CAMP team: Marcos Zentilli, with his unparalleled ability to meld all geological components into a unified model; the much lamented Simon Haynes, whose goal appeared to be the obliteration of the “Andean Batholith” with his sledge-hammer; Ralph Lortie, perhaps the best inate ore-geneticist I have known; and Juan Caelles who, almost as an afterthought, created the first coherent plate tectonic model for the Argentinian basement. Thereafter, jumping ahead, and spying a bunch of reprobates sitting at the corner table: Dick Tosdal, who completed the slim, but seminal text of his M.Sc. in 1978, a few days before I returned from my only “real” sabbatical leave; Dan Kontak, who bestrode the Cordillera de Carabaya like some latter-day collosus; and Alan Anderson, who interrupted a perfectly decent Ph.D. thesis on the Ka- mativi Sn pegmatites to enquire whether the Queen’s accelerator could be used for the in situ analysis of fluid inclusions by PIXE and, more challengingly, PIGE. It could. In more recent times, I arbitrarily mention Yanshao Chen, who at last made sense of metallogenetic re- lationships in the classic Cornubian province; Hamish Sandeman, who, de- spite the Sendero Luminoso, demon- strated the mixing of Lachlan-type per- aluminous and lamprophyric magmas in the Carabaya, and generated a detailed, radically new geodynamic model for the Cenozoic Central Andes; Thomas Bis- sig, who has had the temerity to propose that pediment erosion may have played a salient role in epithermal ore genesis in the El Indio-Pascua belt and elsewhere; and Thomas Ullrich, who within a day

July 2002 – Gangue No. 74  of arriving at the Candelaria mine, had entirely changed the paragenetic, and hence ore-genetic model for this problematic deposit. My life has been enriched by these and many other unmentioned researchers, even though in negative moods I wonder whether 15 or 20 manuscript versions are really essential in every case. Throughout, the necessity for economic geology to be a holistic pur- suit has been stimulating if often exhausting. I would not have it any other way. My graduate students and I were, of course, not working in isolation, but in an incredibly vibrant, if argumentative, environment in which economic geology was recognized as cen- tral to the earth sciences. Teaching jointly with Jay Hodgson and, latterly, Bob Mason was envigorating, if contentious, with the stu- dents occasionally cowering beneath the big oval table as the professors traded arguments and insults. One outcome of this debate was a focus on the origin of giantism, which bore fruit in the 1992 and 1995 Giant Ore Deposits conferences at Queen’s, defining one of the major ongoing themes in the field. As I approach the chill evening of retirement (sic), it’s good to know that Gema Olivo is here to continue the Ore Petrology battle, and that Kurt Kyser has laid the foundations for a radically new approach to the interre- lationships of ore genesis and mineral exploration. In conclusion, I would like specifically to thank three persons without whose help I would not be here. First, Dave Love, who cooked up this strange scheme, and put long hours into cajoling people to support my candidature; Tom Ullrich, one of nature’s gen- tlemen, but with the unfortunate ability to use his computer to transmogrify my crude and inchoate sketches into sleek, persuasive diagrams; and Joan Charbonneau, a person of endless patience who, most critically, can read my handwriting, at least on a good day. Thank you all for this honour.

WILLIAM HARVEY GROSS 2002 Medal Citation (Dr. Jan M. Peter) Presented by Lyn Anglin for Frank Santaguida, MDD Chair (elect)

On behalf of the Mineral Deposits Division of the Geological Association of Canada, I am hon- oured to present this year's William Harvey Gross Metal to Jan Peter. Jan is most deserving of this award and has exemplified the highest quality of geoscience research through his numerous publi- cations, his extensive involvement in the geological community, and his widespread participation in geoscience seminars and forums. Jan is one of the few geologists who continue to integrate basic field mapping with experimen- tal studies and petrochemical analyses to make practical and insightful interpretations. Jan has concentrated his work on hydrothermal massive sulphide deposits in volcanic and sedimentary geologic settings in both modern and ancient environments. Jan has been an integral part of several modern seafloor endeavors to understand sulphide deposits in the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, and at Middle Valley, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge. For his Ph.D. thesis, Jan had worked me- ticulously on the Windy Craggy Cu-Co massive sulphide deposit in northwestern BC to develop a model that sets a reference stan- dard for this particular ore-type. More recently he has completed a comprehensive study of the hydrothermal sedimentary rocks in the Bathurst Mining Camp, New Brunswick that was part of multi-disciplinary EXTECH geoscience project. Jan is the co-editor of an Economic Geology Monograph in which the results of this project will be published. He is currently working on VMS deposits in the Findlayson Lake area. In the true scientific approach to research, Jan has utilized and developed several geochemical and petrographic techniques to solve complex geologic problems. From studying fluid inclusions of hydrocarbons in modern sulphide mounds in the Guaymas Ba- sin to interpreting stable isotope geochemistry of massive sulphides at Windy Craggy to discriminating sediments in the Bathurst Mining Camp using rare earth element geochemistry, Jan has employed any geologic tool that is necessary to reach a conclusion. To augment this, Jan’s attention to detail in sampling and data acquisition make these conclusions solid and virtually irrefutable. All three of his nominators for this award echo these qualities of Jan’s that MDD has found to be commendable. Jan has become one of the top Research Scientists in the Mineral Resources Division of the Geological Survey of Canada and he up- holds the internationally renowned reputation of mineral deposit research at the GSC. This award is a tribute to his previous work and will undoubtedly become a benchmark to an outstanding career. Please join me in congratulating Jan for being this year's recipi- ent of the William Harvey Gross Medal.

ACCEPTANCE SPEECH FOR THE 2002 WILLIAM HARVEY GROSS Medal by Jan Peter

It is with great pleasure, honour, and complete surprise that I accept your award of the William Harvey Gross Medal of the Mineral Deposits Division of the Geological Association of Canada. It is a series of serendipitous events and relationships with certain peo- ple that have shaped my career. It definitely wasn’t a plan that I laid out for myself and followed. My parents instilled in me for as long as I can remember a love of the outdoors, and rock and mineral collecting in particular. We

July 2002 – Gangue No. 74  I can see now that U of T then was a magical place, with Tony Naldrett’s team working on magmatic deposits, Greg Anderson and Frank Beales’ on Mississippi Valley type deposits, Ed Spooner’s on lode gold, and Steve’s on seafloor deposits and sulphide equilibria. The level and intensity of mineral de- posits research at this one place, and the friendly rivalry and interaction amongst the students and professors was unprecedented. Here I came to love scientific research, so much so that I stayed with Steve for my Ph.D., studying the now infa- mous Windy Craggy deposit in B.C., which now lies within a UNESCO park. While living in Toronto, I met my wife, Beth McClenaghan, who some of you may know be- cause she also works at the GSC. At the time, she was working for the Ontario Geological Survey, but was just about to embark on graduate studies at Queen’s University. She later received a job offer from the GSC and wondered whether I might find something in Ottawa. Wayne Goodfel- low, whom I had worked with on several ocean research cruises, happened to have a post-doctoral position studying the lead-zinc deposits of Bathurst, New Brunswick. So, that’s how we both came to Ottawa in 1991. These past ten years of research and service at the GSC have been, and continue to be exciting, involving two Ocean Drilling Program legs to the Middle Valley seafloor deposits, the Bathurst Mining Camp, and now the Finlayson Lake area of the . It is truly revitalizing being back amongst the beautiful scenery that brought me into geology. There have been tumultuous changes in our profession and industry since I started. At the GSC we are wrestling with the changing demands of government and society and of course with the new financial realities that come with them. We are striving to remain as relevant as when the GSC was created. This is a difficult task, and one that has changed the face of our Mineral Resources Division in which I work. I know that our only hope for survival and relevance is through strong partnerships (not competition) with industry, academia, and provincial governments. It sounds corny, but it most assuredly is not. Today it would be almost impossible to get such a thorough grounding in field experience as I received during my undergraduate years. The GSC, provincial governments, and the exploration community just aren’t hiring as many students as they once did. I plead all of you to give young geologists a break, if you are at all able. This is vital to our profession, and among these students are those who will stand before us in the coming years. I am fiercely proud of the high stature and impeccable reputation (Bre-X not with- standing) of Canadian mineral deposits geologists around the World. We all must be proactive in seeing that we don’t lose this. I wish to thank my mentors Steve Scott (who at this moment is recovering from very recent heart bypass surgery), Wayne Good- fellow, and Mark Hannington for nominating me, and the members of the Mineral Deposits Division for selecting me for this award. Many people have helped me along through the years. Most notably, Gerry Harron, Louise Eccles, Al Sinclair, Steve Scott, Ed Spooner, Tim Barrett, Taras Bryndzia, Colin Bray, Mark Hannington, Dave Burrows, Tim McConachy, Pat Shanks, John Slack, Bernie Simoneit, Wayne Goodfellow, Matt Leybourne and of course my colleagues at the GSC. I thank them all for their council and friendship. Most importantly, I know I wouldn’t be here today without the love and support of my family, my wife Beth, young son Conner, my parents Fred and Christine, and my brother Martin and sister Andrea. I thank you all again for this honour.

MAPS ON THE WEB; A generalized geological map of the world is available in hard copy and on CD-ROM from the GSC (GSC Open File 2915). For more information and to obtain a copy of the map and/or CD-ROM, you should contact the GSC Bookstore (http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/gsc/bookstore/index_e.html). If you are interested in digital images that can be downloaded as gif files, you can get these from the World Minerals Project web site: http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/gsc/mrd/wmgdb/public.htm. A map of mineral deposits in Canada was published together with the DNAG volume on Geology of Canadian Mineral Deposit Types. A pre- liminary copy of this map and digital file had been released previously in 1994 as GSC Open File 2874. Maps of porphyry and re- lated deposits and nickel deposits of the world, along with digital databases, were released as Open Files in 2000 (http://www.nrcan. gc.ca/gsc/gicd/pubs/circular/2000_02/ofiles_e.htm and http://www.NRCan.gc.ca/gsc/gicd/pubs/circular/2000_04/ofiles_e. htm#3791). If you are interested primarily in Canadian mineral deposits, you might be interested in the following web site: http:// wwwims1.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/projects/mmdc/mines_and_minerals_home_e.html.

July 2002 – Gangue No. 74  July 2002 – Gangue No. 74  PACROFI VIII

The eighth biennial Pan-American Conference on Research on Fluid Inclusions (PACROFI) was held in Halifax, on July 22nd to 25th, 2002. Dan Kontak (Minerals and Energy Branch, Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources) and Alan Ander- son (St. Francis Xavier University) ably offered up a wonderful combination of East Coast hospitality and a quality conference. Over the three days 75 participants from the US, Canada, Mexico, Europe, Australia,and Asia presented 38 talks and 25 posters in ses- sions on Inclusion Analysis Advancements, Melt Inclusions, Sedi- mentary and Petroleum Systems, Geothermal Systems, with the largest session being the Ore Deposits session.

Ore deposit talks included: Genesis of the Pea Ridge Fe Oxide-REE Deposit, Missouri: Constraints from Fluid Inclusions and Relationship to the Olympic Dam Class. I.M. Samson, X. Song, and B.J. Fryer Variations in Temperature and Fluid Chemistry Associated with Hydrothermal Alteration at the Mount Charlotte Gold Deposit, Kalgoorlie, Australia. T.P. Mernagh, E.J. Mikucki, and C.A. Heinrich Fluid-inclusion Characteristics of Intrusion-related Gold Mineralization in Southwestern New Brunswick, Canada. G. Chi A Fluid Inclusion Study of the Lake George Granodiorite, Canadian Appalachians: Implications for Mineral-Fluid Interaction and Au-W-Mo-Sb Mineralization. X. Yang and D. Lentz The Intrusion-hosted Boddington Gold Mine, Western Australia: Fluid Inclusion Evidence for an Evolving Dual Magmatic-Meteoric Hydrological Fluid Cycle. S.G. Hagemann, T.C. McCuaig, and M. Behn. New Pixe Evidence for Magmatic Vapor Phase Transport of Copper in Reduced Porphyry Copper- Gold Deposits. S.M. Rowins, C.J. Yeats, and C.G. Ryan Veining, Timing of Sulphide Deposition and Fluid Evolution at the Bingham Cu-Au-Mo-Ag Porphyry Deposit Fluid Inclusion LA- ICP-MS Results. M. Landtwing, P.B. Redmond, M.T. Einaudi, C.A. Heinrich, W.E. Halter, and T. Pettke Helium and Stable Isotopic Constraints on the Source of Ore Fluid Components at the Getchell Carlin-type Gold Deposit, North- central, Nevada, USA. J.S. Cline, F.M. Stuart, A.H. Hofstra, and D.R. Tretbar Magmatic-hydrothermal Evolution in a Cu-W Breccia-pipe Deposit, Southeastern Kyongsang Basin, South Korea. K. Yang and R.J. Bodnar Characterisation of Fluids from Granite-hosted Mineral Deposits of the New Ross Area, South Mountain Batholith, Nova Scotia, Using Fluid Inclusion Thermometry, Decrepitate Analysis, and Stable Isotope Geochemistry. S. Carruzzo, D.J. Kontak, D.B. Clarke, and T.K. Kyser Fluid Inclusions from the Lened Emerald Occurrence; Northwest Territories, Canada: Implications for Northern Cordilleran Emer- alds. D.D. Marshall, H. Douglas, L.A. Groat, and D. Voormeij Hydrothermal Fluids in NYF Pegmatites, South Platte, Colorado - Preliminary Insights From LA-ICP-MS Analysis of Quartz- and Fluorite-hosted Fluid Inclusions. J.E. Gagnon, I.M. Samson, B.J. Fryer, and A.E. Williams-Jones Fluid Inclusion Study in Enargite and Pyrite from the Radka Copper Epithermal Deposit, Bulgaria: Application of Infrared Light Mi- crothermometry. K. Kouzmanov, L. Bailly, and C. Ramboz Intrusion-related vs. Orogenic Gold Deposit: The Answer of Fluid Inclusions at Petráckova Hora (Czech Republic). J. Vallance, M. Cathelineau, M.-C. Boiron, T. Shepherd, and J. Naden A Possible CO2-rich Gold Fluid at the Damang Gold Mine in the Ashanti Belt, Ghana. J.-P. Pigois and S.G. Hagemann The Zn-Pb-Ag San Cristobal District, Central Peru: Isotope and Fluid Inclusion Constraints. S. Beuchat, R. Moritz, and T. Pettk Fluid Inclusion Results for the Construction of an Ore Fluid Circulation Model of the Noranda (VMS) Camp, Quebec. L. Weier- shäuser, S. Zubowski, R.A. Turmel, E.T.C. Spooner, and H.L. Gibson Hydrothermal Regime of a Fossil Geothermal System in the Antigonish Highlands, Nova Scotia. T. L. Cail and A. J. Anderson Fluid Inclusions from the Little Nahanni Sn-Ta Pegmatite Complex, Northwest Territories. D.D. Marshall, B.C. Pemberton, T. Mulja, L.A. Groat, and D. Voormeij

A pre-conference field trip on the 21st to the pegmatites Peggy’s Cove set high expectations for the post-conference trip to East Kemptville, The Ovens and the Black Bull silica-clay deposit. Rick Horne (Minerals and Energy Branch) and Cliff Stanley ( University) pitched in as co-leaders and a good time was had by all.

July 2002 – Gangue No. 74  The PACROFI conference and field trips were co-sponsored by the Mineralogical Association of Canada, St Francis Xavier ni- versity, Petroleum Research Atlantic Canada (PRAC) and the Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources. Drs Kontak and Ander- son, the staff at the Minerals and Energy Branch, the students from St Francis Xavier and Dalhousie deserve a big thanks for doing Canada proud on an international meeting. Copies of the Program with Abstracts are available from Dan Kontak [email protected] $15 each.

ORE DEPOSITS AT DEPTH- Challenges and Opportunities A Field Conference sponsored by the CIM Geology Society & organized by the Porcupine Prospectors and Developers Association September 24th-25th, 2003, Timmins, Ontario

As mining progresses to depth in many of the world’s established mining camps, new challenges are being posed for explorationists and engineers alike. These challenges must be addressed or mines will be forced to shut down prematurely, thus potentially leaving a vast amount of untapped mineral wealth at depth. This field conference will focus on the exploration and geotechnical problems as- sociated with exploring for and mining deep ore bodies and will lead to a broader understanding of advances in technology that now make this feasible. The field conference will include both relevant field trips and technical sessions covering various aspects of exploration and min- ing-related challenges associated with deep ore deposits. The organizers will be soliciting papers for sessions dealing with: Geology; Geophysics; Deep Diamond Drilling; Economics and Engineering- with a strong focus on geomechanical issues; Computer software developments as an aid to understanding deep ore bodies; Gases and fluids in deep drill holes: their origin, nature and how are they controlled, and their implications for safety, drilling and mine development.

Other Information, Please Contact: Damien J. Duff, Manager of Geology, Falconbridge Limited, Timmins Region, P. O. Bag 2002, Timmins, Ontario, Canada, P4N 7K1; Tel: (705) 267-8683; email: [email protected]

July 2002 – Gangue No. 74  MEETINGS, WORKSHOPS, & FIELDTRIPS

2002 • September 18 - 20 - Metallogeny of Precambrian Shields, Kyiv, Ukraine. Contact: Dr.V.Guliy, Ukrainian State Geo. Research Institute, 78 Avtozavods'ka str., Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine; Tel./Fax: (380) 44-295-7298; email: [email protected] • September 22-25 - Applied Structural Geology for Mineral Exploration and Mining, 2002. Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. For information, Julian Vearncombe, email: [email protected]. au. • October 27-30 - Geological Society of America Annual meeting. Denver Colorado: www.geosociety.org • December 2-6 - Northwest Mining Association (NWMA) 108th Annual Meeting, Spokane, WA, USA; email: [email protected] • December 7-18 - Modular Course in Exploration Geochemistry, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada - For more information con- tact Dr. Steve Piercey, Mineral Exploration Research Centre, Department of Earth Sciences, Laurentian University, Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON, Canada, P3E 2C6; Tel: (705) 675-1151 x2364, Fax: (705) 675-4898; email: spiercey@laurentian. ca; http://earthsciences.laurentian.ca

2003 • January 27- 30 - Cordilleran Exploration Roundup 2003, Westin Bayshore, Vancouver, BC. www.chamberofmines.bc.ca • February 24- 26 - Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration (SME) Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Tel: (800) 763-3132; email: [email protected] • March 9 - 12 - Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada (PDAC) Meeting, Toronto, Ontario, www.pdac.ca; email: [email protected] • March 26 - 30 - N.E. Section GSA and Atlantic Geoscience Society, Metallogeny of the Northern Appalachians, Westin Hotel, Halifax, Canada; www.geosociety.org; Contact: [email protected] • May 4 - 7 - CIM Montreal 2003 Annual General Meeting, Montreal, Quebec; Website: www.cim.org • May 18 - 24 - 39th Forum on the Geology of Industrial Minerals, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, Nevada Divi- sion of Minerals and Nevada Mining Association. www.nbmg.unr.edu/imf • May 25 - 28 - GAC-MAC/SEG Joint Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC. www.Vancouver2003.com • August 24 - 28 - 7th Biennial Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits (SGA), Contact: Demetrios Eliopoulos, Inst. of Geology and Mineral Exploration, Greece; email: [email protected]

Preliminary Announcement and Call for Papers NORTHEASTERN SECTION -GSA and ATLANTIC GEOSCIENCE SOCIETY (AGS) meeting; 38th Annual Meeting. Westin Hotel, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada. March 27-29, 2003

5 Field Trips, 3 Short Courses, 1 Workshop, 5 Symposia, 12 Theme Sessions, plus more

CALL FOR PAPERS (Oral and Poster presentations welcome) Abstract deadline: December 18, 2002 Abstracts for all sessions must be submitted online at the GSA Web site, www.geosociety.org. If you have questions, contact technical program committee chairs, Sandra Barr ([email protected]), and David Piper ([email protected]). Only one volunteered paper may be presented by an individual; however, a per- son may be a co-author on other papers. Also, those invited for symposia may present additional papers.

DETAILED INFORMATION For further information, see www.geosociety.org, contact the General Co-Chairs Marcos Zentilli ([email protected]) and David B. Scott ([email protected]) or Administrative Assistant Jane Barrett ([email protected]), Department of Earth Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 3J5; Tel: (902) 494-2358, Fax: (902) 494-6889.

July 2002 – Gangue No. 74