MY21 Tundra Ebrochure
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Sanderson Et Al., the Human Footprint and the Last of the Wild
Articles The Human Footprint and the Last of the Wild ERICW. SANDERSON,MALANDING JAITEH, MARC A. LEVY,KENT H. REDFORD, ANTOINETTEV. WANNEBO,AND GILLIANWOOLMER n Genesis,God blesses humanbeings and bids us to take dominion over the fish in the sea,the birdsin the air, THE HUMANFOOTPRINT IS A GLOBAL and other We are entreatedto be fruitful every living thing. MAPOF HUMANINFLUENCE ON THE and multiply,to fill the earth,and subdueit (Gen. 1:28).The bad news, and the good news, is that we have almost suc- LANDSURFACE, WHICH SUGGESTSTHAT ceeded. Thereis little debatein scientificcircles about the impor- HUMANBEINGS ARE STEWARDS OF tance of human influenceon ecosystems.According to sci- WE LIKEIT OR NOT entists'reports, we appropriateover 40%of the net primary NATURE,WHETHER productivity(the greenmaterial) produced on Eartheach year (Vitouseket al. 1986,Rojstaczer et al.2001). We consume 35% thislack of appreciationmay be dueto scientists'propensity of the productivityof the oceanicshelf (Pauly and Christensen to expressthemselves in termslike "appropriation of net pri- 1995), and we use 60% of freshwaterrun-off (Postel et al. maryproductivity" or "exponentialpopulation growth," ab- 1996). The unprecedentedescalation in both human popu- stractionsthat require some training to understand.It may lation and consumption in the 20th centuryhas resultedin be dueto historicalassumptions about and habits inherited environmentalcrises never before encountered in the history fromtimes when human beings, as a group,had dramatically of humankindand the world (McNeill2000). E. O. Wilson less influenceon the biosphere.Now the individualdeci- (2002) claims it would now take four Earthsto meet the consumptiondemands of the currenthuman population,if Eric Sanderson(e-mail: [email protected])is associatedirector, and every human consumed at the level of the averageUS in- W. -
Important Update ►
◄ IMPORTANT UPDATE ► The attached Dealer Letter has been updated. Refer to the details below. DATE TOPIC February 1, 2019 • Modified warranty claim submission flowchart. See Appendix A. June 25, 2018 • Added warranty claim submission flowchart. See Appendix A. • Rental sublet period added for use during repair. March 2, 2018 • Primary Coverage expiration date changed. • Ancillary parts coverage section added. • Tundra Frame Replacement (ZH7) and CRC Application is now available. • Added additional op codes for Tundra to cover dealer costs of maintaining vehicles October 19, 2017 while waiting for frames, if applicable. • Added op codes for Tundra to cover costs to replace Bed Assembly, if applicable. • Sequoia Frame Replacement (ZH8 and ZH9) is now available. October 12, 2017 • Added additional op codes for Sequoia to cover dealer costs of maintaining vehicles while waiting for frames, if applicable. • Tacoma Frame Replacement is now available. August 28, 2017 • Added op code to cover dealer costs of maintaining vehicles while waiting for frames, if applicable. The most recent update in the attached Region Letter will be highlighted with a red box. Please review this notification with your staff to assure that all relevant personnel have been briefed regarding this subject. Thank you for your cooperation. © 2017 Toyota Motor North America Toyota Motor Sales, USA, Inc. 19001 South Western Avenue Torrance, CA 90501 (310) 468-4000 Original Publication Date: July 17, 2017 To: All Toyota Dealer Principals, General Managers, Service Managers, and Parts Managers Subject: Warranty Enhancement Program ZH7 Certain 2007 – 2008 Model Year Tundra Extension of Warranty Coverage for Frame Corrosion In our continuing efforts to ensure the best in customer satisfaction, Toyota is announcing a Warranty Enhancement Program to extend the warranty coverage for Frame Corrosion on certain 2007 – 2008 model year Tundra vehicles. -
Installation Guide Tundra, Landcruiser and Lexus TVS2650 Supercharger
TOYOTA 3UR-FE SUPERCHARGER Installation Guide Installation Guide Tundra, Landcruiser and Lexus TVS2650 Supercharger Kit P a g e | 1 TOYOTA 3UR-FE SUPERCHARGER Installation Guide The Harrop TVS2650 Supercharger kit has been developed for Toyota Tundra, Lexus LX570 and Land Cruiser 200 with the 5.7 Litre V8 Gasoline engine. This Harrop supercharger kit is not compatible with E85 fuel. The following part numbers should be referenced when ordering so the correct kit is supplied, as there are subtle differences in the hardware. Vehicle Applications 2007 - Current 3UR-FE Tundra 2017 - Current 3UR-FE Landcruiser 2007 - Current 3UR-FE Lexus LX570 200 series Harrop Part Description Number 99-KSM51K40 S/Chrg Kit 2650 3UR-FE 5.7 Tundra CARB 99-KSM51K41 S/Chrg Kit 2650 3UR-FE 5.7 LC200-LX570 CARB Harrop 3UR-FE CARB kits are installed without re-calibration of the ECU. 93-AKI (98-RON) fuel is recommended, 91- AKI (93-RON) fuel may be used as a minimum. Verification of knock control, Air/Fuel ratios and Boost pressure on dyno is recommended. Refer to the document “Toyota_3UR-FE_V8_Tech_Guide” for information. This document can be downloaded from: https://www.harrop.com.au/shop/system/download/190808_Toyota_3UR-FE_V8_Tech_Guide.pdf This kit is covered by Executive Order (EO) number TBD from CARB. Preparation Testing has shown the OE fuel pump (Toyota OEM 232200S011) does not deliver enough fuel for a supercharged 3UR-FE at full load. Therefore, the fuel pump will be replaced during installation. Ensure the fuel tank contains minimal fuel, and that there is a supply of suitable fuel available to add to the tank after installation is complete. -
The Ecology of Large Herbivores Native to the Coastal Lowlands of the Fynbos Biome in the Western Cape, South Africa
The ecology of large herbivores native to the coastal lowlands of the Fynbos Biome in the Western Cape, South Africa by Frans Gustav Theodor Radloff Dissertation presented for the degree of Doctor of Science (Botany) at Stellenbosh University Promoter: Prof. L. Mucina Co-Promoter: Prof. W. J. Bond December 2008 DECLARATION By submitting this dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the owner of the copyright thereof (unless to the extent explicitly otherwise stated) and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Date: 24 November 2008 Copyright © 2008 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved ii ABSTRACT The south-western Cape is a unique region of southern Africa with regards to generally low soil nutrient status, winter rainfall and unusually species-rich temperate vegetation. This region supported a diverse large herbivore (> 20 kg) assemblage at the time of permanent European settlement (1652). The lowlands to the west and east of the Kogelberg supported populations of African elephant, black rhino, hippopotamus, eland, Cape mountain and plain zebra, ostrich, red hartebeest, and grey rhebuck. The eastern lowlands also supported three additional ruminant grazer species - the African buffalo, bontebok, and blue antelope. The fate of these herbivores changed rapidly after European settlement. Today the few remaining species are restricted to a few reserves scattered across the lowlands. This is, however, changing with a rapid growth in the wildlife industry that is accompanied by the reintroduction of wild animals into endangered and fragmented lowland areas. -
More Options. Less Compromise
More Options. Less Compromise. Toyota has a full range of mobility solutions to meet your individual needs, including the industry-first, factory installed, power rotating lift-up Auto Access Seat, wheelchair-accessible vehicles, and other adaptive equipment, such as hand controls and scooter lifts, provided by Toyota partner companies. More Options. We make getting Lessthere easier. Compromise. The destination is up to you. Toyota has a fullToyota range Venza of mobility shown with solutions Toyotato meet Sienna your individualAuto Access needs, Seat includingAdaptive the equipment industry-first, installed factory installed, powerBruno rotating Curb-Sider lift-up scooter Auto Accesslift Seat in the Sienna minivan. Toyota partnerby mobility companies dealers serve your needs for wheelchair-accessible vehicles and other adaptive equipment, such as hand controls and scooter lifts. Toyota RAV4 shown with Toyota Sienna Wheelchair Adaptive equipment installed Bruno Curb-Sider scooter lift Access by BraunAbility by mobility dealers We make getting there easier. Where there is, is up to you. TOYOTA MOBILITY MISSION: MOBILITY SOLUTIONS To provide solutions that serve the mobility needs of our customers to enhance one’s quality of life. TOYOTA FACTORY INSTALLED AUTO ACCESS SEAT engineered by TOYOTA OFFERS 3 TYPES OF MOBILITY SOLUTIONS Toyota offers a broad range of mobility alternatives to provide individuals with several solutions to best meet The Toyota Sienna is available with the industry-first Toyota Auto Access Seat. Toyota is the only their mobility needs. Once an appropriate solution is determined, Toyota provides cash reimbursement up automobile manufacturer to offer this passenger-friendly mobility model, built in the United States to $1000 to help offset the cost of qualified adaptive equipment installed on any eligible Toyota vehicle or at our Indiana manufacturing plant. -
Asia-Pacific's Ecological Footprint
ASIA-PACIFIC 2005 The Ecological Footprint and Natural Wealth ountries in Asia and the Pacific have made a firm nor extended worldwide without causing additional consumed like an average American or European?” We commitment to sustainable development. We want life-threatening damage to the global environment have only one planet, yet all people want, and have the Ca better quality of life for all, while safeguarding the and increasing social inequity. right to, fulfilling lives. The challenge for high income Earth’s capacity to support life in all its diversity and This report is a call for action, not just for the policy countries is to radically reduce footprint while maintaining respecting the limits of the planet’s natural resources. How community, but for the scientific and business com- quality of life. For lasting improvements in their quality of can we achieve this in the face of growing populations and munities as well. It echoes what the Millennium Ecosystem life, lower income countries are facing the complementary changing consumption patterns, both within the region Assessment found: that the health of natural systems has challenge of finding new paths to development that can and the world? a profound impact on our quality of life, but 60 percent of provide best living conditions without liquidating their As a first step to answering this question, we need to the ecosystem services that support life on Earth are being ecological wealth. know where we are today. How does the Asia-Pacific degraded or used unsustainably. This report provides a The Asia-Pacific region is in a unique position to shape region’s current demand for ecological resources compare frank assessment of what is at stake for Asia and the the development model for the whole world in the coming to the region’s (and the planet’s) supply? How does it Pacific and for the rest of the world. -
Sensitivity of Mangrove Range Limits to Climate Variability Kyle C
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USGS Staff -- ubP lished Research US Geological Survey 4-28-2017 Sensitivity of mangrove range limits to climate variability Kyle C. Cavanaugh Department of Geography, University of California, [email protected] Michael J. Osland U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center Remi Bardou Department of Geography, University of California Gustavo Hinojosa-Arango Academia de Biodiversidad, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigacion para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Oaxaca (CIIDIR-IPN) Juan M. Lopez-Vivas Programa de Investigacion en Botanica Marina, Departamento Academico de Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, Universidad See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub Part of the Geology Commons, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons, Other Earth Sciences Commons, and the Other Environmental Sciences Commons Cavanaugh, Kyle C.; Osland, Michael J.; Bardou, Remi; Hinojosa-Arango, Gustavo; Lopez-Vivas, Juan M.; Parker, John D.; and Rovai, Andre S., "Sensitivity of mangrove range limits to climate variability" (2017). USGS Staff -- Published Research. 1041. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/1041 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Geological Survey at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USGS Staff -- ubP lished Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Kyle C. Cavanaugh, Michael J. Osland, Remi Bardou, Gustavo Hinojosa-Arango, Juan M. Lopez-Vivas, John D. Parker, and Andre S. Rovai This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/1041 Received: 28 April 2017 | Revised: 5 March 2018 | Accepted: 14 March 2018 DOI: 10.1111/geb.12751 RESEARCH PAPER Sensitivity of mangrove range limits to climate variability Kyle C. -
Major Biomes of the World Have You Visited Any Biomes Lately? a Biome Is a Large Ecosystem Where Plants, Animals, Insects, and P
Major Biomes of the World Have you visited any biomes lately? A biome is a large ecosystem where plants, animals, insects, and people live in a certain type of climate. If you were in northern Alaska, you would be in a frosty biome called the Arctic tundra. If you jumped on a plane and flew to Brazil, you could be in a hot and humid biome called the tropical rainforest. The world contains many other biomes: grasslands, deserts, and mountains, to name a few. The plants and animals living in each are as different as their climates. Which is your favorite? Arctic Tundra The Arctic tundra is a cold, vast, treeless area of low, swampy plains in the far north around the Arctic Ocean. It includes the northern lands of Europe (Lapland and Scandinavia), Asia (Siberia), and North America (Alaska and Canada), as well as most of Greenland. Another type of tundra is the alpine tundra, which is a biome that exists at the tops of high mountains. Special features: This is the earth's coldest biome. Since the sun does not rise for nearly six months of the year, it is not unusual for the temperature to be below -30°F in winter. The earth of the Arctic tundra has a permanently frozen subsoil, called permafrost, which makes it impossible for trees to grow. Frozen prehistoric animal remains have been found preserved in the permafrost. In summer, a thin layer of topsoil thaws and creates many pools, lakes, and marshes, a haven for mosquitoes, midges, and blackflies. More than 100 species of migrant birds are attracted by the insect food and the safe feeding ground of the tundra. -
Distribution Mapping of World Grassland Types A
Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2014) SYNTHESIS Distribution mapping of world grassland types A. P. Dixon1*, D. Faber-Langendoen2, C. Josse2, J. Morrison1 and C. J. Loucks1 1World Wildlife Fund – United States, 1250 ABSTRACT 24th Street NW, Washington, DC 20037, Aim National and international policy frameworks, such as the European USA, 2NatureServe, 4600 N. Fairfax Drive, Union’s Renewable Energy Directive, increasingly seek to conserve and refer- 7th Floor, Arlington, VA 22203, USA ence ‘highly biodiverse grasslands’. However, to date there is no systematic glo- bal characterization and distribution map for grassland types. To address this gap, we first propose a systematic definition of grassland. We then integrate International Vegetation Classification (IVC) grassland types with the map of Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World (TEOW). Location Global. Methods We developed a broad definition of grassland as a distinct biotic and ecological unit, noting its similarity to savanna and distinguishing it from woodland and wetland. A grassland is defined as a non-wetland type with at least 10% vegetation cover, dominated or co-dominated by graminoid and forb growth forms, and where the trees form a single-layer canopy with either less than 10% cover and 5 m height (temperate) or less than 40% cover and 8 m height (tropical). We used the IVC division level to classify grasslands into major regional types. We developed an ecologically meaningful spatial cata- logue of IVC grassland types by listing IVC grassland formations and divisions where grassland currently occupies, or historically occupied, at least 10% of an ecoregion in the TEOW framework. Results We created a global biogeographical characterization of the Earth’s grassland types, describing approximately 75% of IVC grassland divisions with ecoregions. -
Variation in Xylem Structure from Tropics to Tundra: Evidence from Vestured Pits
Variation in xylem structure from tropics to tundra: Evidence from vestured pits Steven Jansen*†, Pieter Baas‡, Peter Gasson§, Frederic Lens*, and Erik Smets* *Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; ‡Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Universiteit Leiden Branch, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; and §Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, United Kingdom Communicated by David L. Dilcher, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, April 13, 2004 (received for review December 4, 2003) Bordered pits play an important role in permitting water flow among adjacent tracheary elements in flowering plants. Variation in the bordered pit structure is suggested to be adaptive in optimally balancing the conflict between hydraulic efficiency (con- ductivity) and safety from air entry at the pit membrane (air seeding). The possible function of vestured pits, which are bor- dered pits with protuberances from the secondary cell wall of the pit chamber, could be increased hydraulic resistance or minimized vulnerability to air seeding. These functional hypotheses have to be harmonized with the notion that the vestured or nonvestured nature of pits contains strong phylogenetic signals (i.e., often characterize large species-rich clades with broad ecological ranges). A literature survey of 11,843 species covering 6,428 genera from diverse climates indicates that the incidence of vestured pits considerably decreases from tropics to tundra. The highest fre- quencies of vestured pits occur in deserts and tropical seasonal woodlands. Moreover, a distinctly developed network of branched vestures is mainly restricted to warm habitats in both mesic and dry (sub)tropical lowlands, whereas vestures in woody plants from Fig. -
Ungulate Management in National Parks of the United States and Canada
Ungulate Management in National Parks of the United States and Canada Technical Review 12-05 December 2012 1 Ungulate Management in National Parks of the United States and Canada The Wildlife Society Technical Review 12-05 - December 2012 Citation Demarais, S., L. Cornicelli, R. Kahn, E. Merrill, C. Miller, J. M. Peek, W. F. Porter, and G. A. Sargeant. 2012. Ungulate management in national parks of the United States and Canada. The Wildlife Society Technical Review 12-05. The Wildlife Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Series Edited by Theodore A. Bookhout Copy Edit and Design Terra Rentz (AWB®), Managing Editor, The Wildlife Society Jessica Johnson, Associate Editor, The Wildlife Society Maja Smith, Graphic Designer, MajaDesign, Inc. Cover Images Front cover, clockwise from upper left: 1) Bull moose browsing on subalpine fir near Soda Butte Creek in Yellowstone National Park. Credit: Jim Peaco, National Park Service; 2) Bison in Stephens Creek pen in Yellowstone National Park. The Bison herds in Yellowstone are actively managed to maintain containment within park boundaries. Credit: Jim Peaco, National Park Service; 3) Bighorn sheep ram in Lamar Valley, Yellowstone National Park. Credit: Jim Peaco, National Park Service; 4) Biologists in Great Smokey Mountains National Park use non-lethal means, such as the use of a paintball gun depicted in this photo, to move elk from undesirable areas. Credit: Joseph Yarkovich; 5) National Park Service biologists Joe Yarkovich and Kim Delozier (now retired) working up an elk in Great Smokey Mountains National Park. Credit: Joseph Yarkovich; 6) Fencing protects willow (Salix spp.) and aspen (Populus spp.) from overgrazing by elk (Cervus elaphus) in Rocky Mountain National Park. -
Vegetation–Microclimate Feedbacks in Woodland–Grassland Ecotones
Global Ecology and Biogeography, (Global Ecol. Biogeogr.) (2013) 22, 364–379 bs_bs_banner RESEARCH Vegetation–microclimate feedbacks in REVIEW woodland–grassland ecotones Paolo D’Odorico1*, Yufei He1, Scott Collins2, Stephan F. J. De Wekker1, Vic Engel3,4 and Jose D. Fuentes5 1Department of Environmental Sciences, ABSTRACT University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, Aim Climatic conditions exert a strong control on the geographic distribution of USA, 2Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA, 3South many woodland-to-grassland transition zones (or ‘tree lines’). Because woody Florida Natural Resource Center, Everglades plants have, in general, a weaker cold tolerance than herbaceous vegetation, their National Park, Homestead, FL, USA, 4USGS, altitudinal or latitudinal limits are strongly controlled by cold sensitivity. While Southeast Ecological Science Center, temperature controls on the dynamics of woodland–grassland ecotones are rela- Gainesville, FL, USA, 5Department of tively well established, the ability of woody plants to modify their microclimate and Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State to create habitat for seedling establishment and growth may involve a variety of University, University Park, PA, USA processes that are still not completely understood. Here we investigate feedbacks between vegetation and microclimatic conditions in the proximity to woodland– grassland ecotones. Location We concentrate on arctic and alpine tree lines, the transition between mangrove forests and salt marshes in coastal ecosystems, and the shift from shrub- land to grassland along temperature gradients in arid landscapes. Methods We review the major abiotic and biotic mechanisms underlying the ability of woody plants to alter the nocturnal microclimate by increasing the tem- peratures they are exposed to.