Classics of Tea Sequel to the Tea Sutra Part II GLOBAL EA HUT Contentsissue 104 / September 2020 Tea & Tao Magazine Heavenly天樞 Turn

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Classics of Tea Sequel to the Tea Sutra Part II GLOBAL EA HUT Contentsissue 104 / September 2020 Tea & Tao Magazine Heavenly天樞 Turn GLOBAL EA HUT Tea & Tao Magazine 國際茶亭 September 2020 Classics of Tea Sequel to the Tea Sutra Part II GLOBAL EA HUT ContentsIssue 104 / September 2020 Tea & Tao Magazine Heavenly天樞 Turn This month, we return once again to our ongo- ing efforts to translate and annotate the Classics of Tea. This is the second part of the monumental Love is Sequel to the Tea Sutra by Lu Tingcan. This volu- minous work will require three issues to finish. As changing the world oolong was born at that time, we will sip a tradi- tional, charcoal-roasted oolong while we study. bowl by bowl Features特稿文章 49 07 Wind in the Pines The Music & Metaphor of Tea By Steven D. Owyoung 15 Sequel to the Tea Sutra 17 Volume Four 03 Teaware 27 Volume Five Tea Brewing 49 Volume Six 27 Tea Drinking Traditions傳統文章 17 03 Tea of the Month “Heavenly Turn,” Traditional Oolong, Nantou, Taiwan 65 Voices from the Hut “Ascertaining Serenity” By Anesce Dremen (許夢安) 69 TeaWayfarer © 2020 by Global Tea Hut Anesce Dremen, USA All rights reserved. recycled & recyclable No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval sys- 從 tem or transmitted in any form or by 地 any means: electronic, mechanical, 球 天 photocopying, recording, or other- 升 起 wise, without prior written permis- 樞 Soy ink sion from the copyright owner. n September,From the weather is perfect in Taiwan.the grieve well. Theseeditor are a powerful recipe for transformation. We start heading outdoors for some sessions when Suffering then becomes medicine, mistakes become lessons we can. Our tea choices start to shift towards roasted and grief becomes love and connection… In that way, we oolongs like our Tea of the Month or Cliff Tea to make our lives and our world beautiful, even in pain. Icontrol the metal element of this season. We also need Turning from our troubles, which needed to be ad- to nourish the metal some days, though, and for that we dressed, let us now return once again to the past—to the begin to drink well-aged sheng and shou puerh teas. It is an Classics of Tea series. Nothing survives without tradition, important month to start breaking out the charcoal stove, but no tradition survives without adaptation. Many of our as it will make an even bigger difference with these teas at modern tea farming, production and brewing methods this time of year. have changed since dynastic times, but understanding the This is proving to be a challenging year for all of us and heritage of tea helps contextualize and found our modern for the world. It is important to stay focused and positive. practices in their roots. We have covered the Tang Dynasty Challenge is what helps us grow; it is the grist for our mills. (618–907) with Lu Yu’s Tea Sutra, the Song (960–1279) As the Buddhist slogan reminds us: “No mud, no lotus!” with the work of the emperor Song Huizong, followed by Adversity either constricts and closes us down or it becomes several treatises from the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644). In an invitation to transform into something better, more the last issue of our Classics of Tea series, we started trans- open and beautiful in the light of our potential. Most of lating and annotating the lengthy Qing Dynasty (1644– us have been offered the hand of change as individuals, and 1911) text the Sequel to the Tea Sutra by Lu Tingcan (陸廷 the gates of new roads have certainly been lifted for us as a 燦). As we learned then, Master Lu claimed to be a direct society. We should all step through these gates and into a descendant of Lu Yu himself and felt that an updated se- new world. quel was well overdue. He put brush to paper and created Our prayers, love, light and tears go out to those who a much longer book than his predecessor. In the last issue, have suffered or are suffering as a result of the pandemic. we translated and annotated the Preface and Volumes I, II May Tea help you to not turn away from your grief, or be and III of the text. There are nine volumes in total. In this distracted from it, but to face it open-heartedly and respon- issue, we will work through Volumes IV, V and VI, leaving sibly, metabolizing your pain into the loving fertilizer that the final section for a future issue of Global Tea Hut. Since your adoration for life demands. That is how the next gen- oolong was invented in the Qing Dynasty, it is only fit- eration of hearts are nourished by those who have suffered ting we share a traditionally-processed oolong to match our to feed life and heart. May each cup be a prayer of transfor- studies of the ancients. May these studies enrich and deepen mation, turning our loving-grief that we offer because we your tea practice, steeping it in the centuries that have come love life into blessings that beget more beauty in the name before any of us ever picked up our first teapot. of that which we grieve or suffer through. In the West, it is often assumed that medicine should take away the pain, allowing us to escape and hide from life and run from death. This is a curious attitude for a mortal being who must, in the end, die him or herself. It is also odd Wu De behavior for a being whose very life is dependent upon the death of other beings. Every day, plant beings and animal beings are sacrificed so that we can live. By trying to hide from pain, suffering and death, we dishonor what they have 真 given. This is not to say that pain medications do not have their place—they do—but rather that unmetabolized grief is itself an illness. Many of the issues we now face are the –Further Reading– haunted unmetabolized grief of our ancestors. We should seek to understand that if we love someone or something, This month, we highly recommend reading or grieving them is a part of what it means to love them and to re-reading the November 2019 issue, which con- love life itself. To live well, we must grieve well. tains the first part of this volume. The treasured When you put these two truths together, you have a article in that issue about Lu Tingcan by Steven powerful recipe for facing such times of collective and per- Owyoung is particularly amazing. That issue is sonal adversity: turn challenges into growth and learn to important background for this Part II. 理 2 of the ver the course of this month we will be drinking keepers “rough tea (maocha, 毛茶),” which was “unfin- Heavenly Turn, a beautiful charcoal-roasted, ished” and then the shopkeeper would roast the tea to traditionally-processed oolong from Central their customers’ tastes. Like tea processing, these roast- Taiwan. It seems only fitting that we have a traditional ing skills were handed down in secret. Nowadays, a lot oolong tea to sip while we explore this classic, since it of farmers have learned to roast their own teas and most was written in the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911) when shops sell finished products, participating less and less. oolong tea was invented. Granted, the early oolongs Our Tea of the Month is also roasted by the farmer who were striped teas from Wuyi, not ball-shaped oolongs produced the tea, harvested from his certified organic (let alone Taiwanese tea), but this is still a descendant of gardens with plenty of biodiversity. the traditions that were begun then and owes its beauty They say that each stage of the tea processing should to them. enhance the tea without leaving a trace of itself, so the Oolong tea is withered indoors and out, shaken, fired roasting should not leave a roasty flavor in other words. (de-enzymed), rolled and roasted. It is the shaking that This tea is roasted superbly, with a strong and bright af- really distinguishes oolong from other kinds of tea. This tertaste that lingers in the mouth for many minutes after kind of processing went on relatively unchanged, with you swallow. It takes great skill to charcoal-roast a tea, as minor improvements, until modern times. It wasn’t you must first master the fire. The same is true for using until Taiwan began modernizing that things began to coals instead of electric heat for tea preparation—you change—a change that would influence the entire tea cannot just set the temperature and relax. You have to world in many and varied ways. We discussed the move first master the skill of selecting the right charcoal that to greener, lighter oolongs in our last issue. Usually, we won’t smoke, and then practice for years to master using find that traditionally-processed oolong tea is richer, the ash to control the temperature to the precise degree more full-bodied and satisfying to drink. desired. Even then, the formula taught to you or refined Traditionally, oolong tea was oxidized between for- from decades of experience won’t be applicable to this ty and seventy percent. Nowadays, a lot of oolong tea tea and this charcoal. You will have to monitor it careful- in Taiwan and elsewhere is lighter, and then there are ly, which means you will also have to be very sensitive to a few outliers on the heavy end, like Eastern Beauty. the chemical changes in the tea and the corresponding Within the narrower range of traditional processing, the appearance and aromas, examining and smelling the tea relationship between roast and oxidation is like filling at regular intervals to know when to adjust the coals/ash a bucket, with lower oxidation meaning you can roast and when the tea is roasted to the desired degree.
Recommended publications
  • Report Resumes
    REPORT RESUMES ED 019 218 88 SE 004 494 A RESOURCE BOOK OF AEROSPACE ACTIVITIES, K-6. LINCOLN PUBLIC SCHOOLS, NEBR. PUB DATE 67 EDRS PRICEMF.41.00 HC-S10.48 260P. DESCRIPTORS- *ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SCIENCE, *PHYSICAL SCIENCES, *TEACHING GUIDES, *SECONDARY SCHOOL SCIENCE, *SCIENCE ACTIVITIES, ASTRONOMY, BIOGRAPHIES, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, FILMS, FILMSTRIPS, FIELD TRIPS, SCIENCE HISTORY, VOCABULARY, THIS RESOURCE BOOK OF ACTIVITIES WAS WRITTEN FOR TEACHERS OF GRADES K-6, TO HELP THEM INTEGRATE AEROSPACE SCIENCE WITH THE REGULAR LEARNING EXPERIENCES OF THE CLASSROOM. SUGGESTIONS ARE MADE FOR INTRODUCING AEROSPACE CONCEPTS INTO THE VARIOUS SUBJECT FIELDS SUCH AS LANGUAGE ARTS, MATHEMATICS, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SOCIAL STUDIES, AND OTHERS. SUBJECT CATEGORIES ARE (1) DEVELOPMENT OF FLIGHT, (2) PIONEERS OF THE AIR (BIOGRAPHY),(3) ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES AND SPACE PROBES,(4) MANNED SPACE FLIGHT,(5) THE VASTNESS OF SPACE, AND (6) FUTURE SPACE VENTURES. SUGGESTIONS ARE MADE THROUGHOUT FOR USING THE MATERIAL AND THEMES FOR DEVELOPING INTEREST IN THE REGULAR LEARNING EXPERIENCES BY INVOLVING STUDENTS IN AEROSPACE ACTIVITIES. INCLUDED ARE LISTS OF SOURCES OF INFORMATION SUCH AS (1) BOOKS,(2) PAMPHLETS, (3) FILMS,(4) FILMSTRIPS,(5) MAGAZINE ARTICLES,(6) CHARTS, AND (7) MODELS. GRADE LEVEL APPROPRIATENESS OF THESE MATERIALSIS INDICATED. (DH) 4:14.1,-) 1783 1490 ,r- 6e tt*.___.Vhf 1842 1869 LINCOLN PUBLICSCHOOLS A RESOURCEBOOK OF AEROSPACEACTIVITIES U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION K-6) THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT.POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. 1919 O O Vj A PROJECT FUNDED UNDER TITLE HIELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION ACT A RESOURCE BOOK OF AEROSPACE ACTIVITIES (K-6) The work presentedor reported herein was performed pursuant to a Grant from the U.
    [Show full text]
  • 1423778527171.Pdf
    Bahamut - [email protected] Based on the “Touhou Project” series of games by Team Shanghai Alice / ZUN. http://www16.big.or.jp/~zun/ The Touhou Project and its related properties are ©Team Shanghai Alice / ZUN. The Team Shanghai Alice logo is ©Team Shanghai Alice / ZUN. Illustrations © their respective owners. Used without permission. Tale of Phantasmal Land text & gameplay ©2011 Bahamut. This document is provided “as is”. Your possession of this document, either in an altered or unaltered state signifies that you agree to absolve, excuse, or otherwise not hold responsible Team Shanghai Alice / ZUN and/or Bahamut, and/or any other individuals or entities whose works appear herein for any and/or all liabilities, damages, etc. associated with the possession of this document. This document is not associated with, or endorsed by Team Shanghai Alice / ZUN. This is a not-for-profit personal interest work, and is not intended, nor should it be construed, as a challenge to Team Shanghai Alice / ZUN’s ownership of its Touhou Project copyrights and other related properties. License to distribute this work is freely given provided that it remains in an unaltered state and is not used for any commercial purposes whatsoever. All Rights Reserved. Introduction Choosing a Race (Cont.’d) What Is This Game All About? . 1 Magician . .20 Too Long; Didn’t Read Version . 1 Moon Rabbit . .20 Here’s the Situation . 1 Oni . .21 But Wait! There’s More! . 1 Tengu . .21 Crow Tengu . .22 About This Game . 2 White Wolf Tengu . .22 About the Touhou Project . 2 Vampire . .23 About Role-Playing Games .
    [Show full text]
  • TEATIPSBRIEF100 100 Pieces of Info to Use in Tea Stories Issue 1
    Olga Nikandrova. Denis Shumakov TEATIPSBRIEF100 100 pieces of info to use in tea stories Issue 1. 2017 www.facebook.com/teatipsbrief/ www.teatips.ru Table of content Tea micro-trends .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Micro-trend. Tea and wine experiments ................................................................................................................... 5 One more time on tea machines. Teforia Leaf ........................................................................................................ 5 Micro-trend. Nitro Tea ..................................................................................................................................................... 6 Nano-trend. Teafe in Raipur and Bangalore ............................................................................................................ 7 Micro-Trend. Cheese tea. 40 degrees and 15 minutes ......................................................................................... 7 Micro-trend: kombuchading kombucha at topical bars ........................................................................................ 8 Ambient Brew: Tea and Food Pairing ......................................................................................................................... 9 Micro-trend: Albino tea cultivars ..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Scarica La Carta Dei Te
    Le proposte di namasTèy Carta dei Tè puri Stagione 2018-2019 namasTèy – Via della Palombella 26 – 00186 Roma – 06 68135660 – www.namastey.it Le proposte di namasTèy Premessa Per gli appassionati dei tè puri, abbiamo pensato di raccogliere in un unico elenco sia le referenze che abitualmente trovate da namasTèy, che la preziosa selezione che con dovizia, ed infiniti assaggi, faccio regolarmente durante le mie trasferte nel lontano Oriente: un labirinto infinito di tentazioni e prelibatezze, dove perdersi è facilissimo, ma è anche un vero piacere! Le mie esplorazioni sono cominciate in Cina (ormai già diversi anni fa); la mia dichiarata passione per i tè cinesi mi porta ogni anno a ripercorrere e a scoprire nuove vie: è per questo che la selezione dei tè più pregiati non può essere garantita da una stagione all’altra, e anche nell’ambito della stessa stagione non posso assicurare un approvvigionamento costante. Recentemente ho esteso i miei orizzonti valicando anche le porte dell’impero del Sol Levante… questa preziosa carta si è così arricchita di selezionatissimi e freschissimi raccolti di tè giapponesi. ------- ° ------- Note sulla Preparazione Tutti i tè proposti in questa carta necessitano di un po’ di attenzione, in special modo quelli selezionati in loco, visto anche l’impegno, la cura e l’amore riposti nel procurarli e farli giungere intatti qui per i nostri momenti più speciali della giornata. La prima cosa da sapere è che si tratta di tè che possono essere infusi ripetutamente, anzi è in questa pratica che esprimono il massimo del loro potenziale e della loro curva aromatica.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded 4.0 License
    86 Chapter 3 Chapter 3 Eloquent Stones Of the critical discourses that this book has examined, one feature is that works of art are readily compared to natural forms of beauty: bird song, a gush- ing river or reflections in water are such examples. Underlying such rhetorical devices is an ideal of art as non-art, namely that the work of art should appear so artless that it seems to have been made by nature in its spontaneous process of creation. Nature serves as the archetype (das Vorbild) of art. At the same time, the Song Dynasty also saw refined objects – such as flowers, tea or rocks – increasingly aestheticised, collected, classified, described, ranked and com- moditised. Works of connoisseurship on art or natural objects prospered alike. The hundred-some pu 譜 or lu 錄 works listed in the literature catalogue in the History of the Song (“Yiwenzhi” in Songshi 宋史 · 藝文志) are evenly divided between those on manmade and those on natural objects.1 Through such dis- cursive transformation, ‘natural beauty’ as a cultural construct curiously be- came the afterimage (das Nachbild) of art.2 In other words, when nature appears as the ideal of art, at the same time it discovers itself to be reshaped according to the image of art. As a case study of Song nature aesthetics, this chapter explores the multiple dimensions of meaning invested in Su Shi’s connoisseur discourse on rocks. Su Shi professed to be a rock lover. Throughout his life, he collected inkstones, garden rocks and simple pebbles. We are told, for instance, that a pair of rocks, called Qiuchi 仇池, accompanied him through his exiles to remote Huizhou and Hainan, even though most of his family members were left behind.
    [Show full text]
  • Book Chinese Learning College Collection: Dream Pool Essays
    Chinese Learning College Collection: Dream Pool Essays (Youth Edition)(Chinese Edition) \ PDF \ GIAIAMYFJS Ch inese Learning College Collection: Dream Pool Essays (Y outh Edition)(Ch inese Edition) By BEI SONG ) SHEN KUO paperback. Condition: New. Ship out in 2 business day, And Fast shipping, Free Tracking number will be provided after the shipment.Paperback. Pub Date: 2012 Pages: 279 Language: Chinese Publisher: Hubei Fine Arts Publishing House National College Collection: Dream Pool Essays (Youth Edition) Shen Kuo set various studies in one of the masterpiece. a book about 1086 to 1093. including three parts of writing. fill the conversation by writing. continued writing . a total of 609. Covering astronomy. calendar. weather. geology. geography. physics. chemistry. biology. agriculture. water conservancy. construction. medicine. history. literature. art. personnel. military. legal and many other areas. Such information has important reference value for studying the Northern Song Dynasty social. political. technological. economic aspects. Xu Lang written in this book excerpt wonderful. and with reference to the results of other collation. be the translation of comments. Contents: Volume I story one dressed degree of contention the Huai hall orpiment change the word Volume II Story Two cases of cervical granted South Course Officer Volume III. a Jun Stone. dialectical Stone Yang Sui illuminated object state solution salt marshes no fixed river sand vanilla steel-making provision of beetle wine the Po Lo Weights and Measures papers dialectical two the... READ ONLINE [ 1.17 MB ] Reviews A whole new e book with a new point of view. This is certainly for all those who statte there had not been a well worth looking at.
    [Show full text]
  • Teahouses and the Tea Art: a Study on the Current Trend of Tea Culture in China and the Changes in Tea Drinking Tradition
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives Teahouses and the Tea Art: A Study on the Current Trend of Tea Culture in China and the Changes in Tea Drinking Tradition LI Jie Master's Thesis in East Asian Culture and History (EAST4591 – 60 Credits – Autumn 2015) Department of Culture Studies and Oriental Languages Faculty of Humanities UNIVERSITY OF OSLO 24 November, 2015 © LI Jie 2015 Teahouses and the Tea Art: A Study on the Current Trend of Tea Culture in China and the Changes in Tea Drinking Tradition LI Jie http://www.duo.uio.no Print: University Print Center, University of Oslo II Summary The subject of this thesis is tradition and the current trend of tea culture in China. In order to answer the following three questions “ whether the current tea culture phenomena can be called “tradition” or not; what are the changes in tea cultural tradition and what are the new features of the current trend of tea culture; what are the endogenous and exogenous factors which influenced the change in the tea drinking tradition”, I did literature research from ancient tea classics and historical documents to summarize the development history of Chinese tea culture, and used two month to do fieldwork on teahouses in Xi’an so that I could have a clear understanding on the current trend of tea culture. It is found that the current tea culture is inherited from tradition and changed with social development. Tea drinking traditions have become more and more popular with diverse forms.
    [Show full text]
  • Proof of Investors' Binding Borrowing Constraint Appendix 2: System Of
    Appendix 1: Proof of Investors’ Binding Borrowing Constraint PROOF: Use the Kuhn-Tucker condition to check whether the collateral constraint is binding. We have h I RI I mt[mt pt ht + ht − bt ] = 0 If (11) is not binding, then mt = 0: We can write the investor’s FOC Equation (18) as: I I I I h I I I I i Ut;cI ct ;ht ;nt = bIEt (1 + it)Ut+1;cI ct+1;ht+1;nt+1 (42) At steady state, we have bI (1 + i) = 1 However from (6); we know bR (1 + i) = 1 at steady state. With parameter restrictions that bR > bI; therefore bI (1 + i) < 1; contradiction. Therefore we cannot have mt = 0: Therefore, mt > 0; and I h I RI thus we have bt = mt pt ht + ht : Q.E.D. Appendix 2: System of Steady-State Conditions This appendix lays out the system of equilibrium conditions in steady state. Y cR + prhR = + idR (43) N R R R r R R R UhR c ;h = pt UcR c ;h (44) R R R R R R UnR c ;h = −WUcR c ;h (45) 1 = bR(1 + i) (46) Y cI + phd hI + hRI + ibI = + I + prhRI (47) t N I I I h I I I h [1 − bI (1 − d)]UcI c ;h p = UhI c ;h + mmp (48) I I I h I I I r h [1 − bI (1 − d)]UcI c ;h p = UcI c ;h p + mmp (49) I I I [1 − bI (1 + i)]UcI c ;h = m (50) bI = mphhI (51) 26 ©International Monetary Fund.
    [Show full text]
  • ILO Fundamental Conventions and Chinese Labor Law: from a Comparative Perspective
    ILO Fundamental Conventions and Chinese Labor Law: From a Comparative Perspective Qiu Yang1 Abstract: In this article, through a comparative study between ILO fundamental Conventions and Chinese labor law, the writer points out several problems and shortcomings embodied in Chinese labor law. This article analyzes the status of Chinese trade unions and questions their ability to protect the interests of the Chinese working class. As for collective bargaining, the writer reviews the relevant Chinese labor law and discovers the reasons for the ineffectiveness of the collective bargaining system in China. In the case of forced labor, the writer critically evaluates three kinds of forced labor in today‟s China. With regard to child labor, according to a review on relevant legislations, the writer points out certain internal legislation as contradictory. As far as discrimination with regard to employment and occupation is concerned, after a general overview on related ILO conventions and Chinese legislation, the writer focuses on employment based on social origin in China, using a case study on Chinese farmer workers. In the writer‟s understanding, as a vulnerable group, farmer workers have not received enough attention and special protection from Chinese labor legislation. ILO Fundamental Conventions and Chinese Labor Law: From a Comparative Perspective ........................18 I. Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................19 II.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level
    Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level Corresponding Type Chinese Court Region Court Name Administrative Name Code Code Area Supreme People’s Court 最高人民法院 最高法 Higher People's Court of 北京市高级人民 Beijing 京 110000 1 Beijing Municipality 法院 Municipality No. 1 Intermediate People's 北京市第一中级 京 01 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Shijingshan Shijingshan District People’s 北京市石景山区 京 0107 110107 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Haidian District of Haidian District People’s 北京市海淀区人 京 0108 110108 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Mentougou Mentougou District People’s 北京市门头沟区 京 0109 110109 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Changping Changping District People’s 北京市昌平区人 京 0114 110114 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Yanqing County People’s 延庆县人民法院 京 0229 110229 Yanqing County 1 Court No. 2 Intermediate People's 北京市第二中级 京 02 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Dongcheng Dongcheng District People’s 北京市东城区人 京 0101 110101 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Xicheng District Xicheng District People’s 北京市西城区人 京 0102 110102 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Fengtai District of Fengtai District People’s 北京市丰台区人 京 0106 110106 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality 1 Fangshan District Fangshan District People’s 北京市房山区人 京 0111 110111 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Daxing District of Daxing District People’s 北京市大兴区人 京 0115
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Bird-And-Flower Wallpaper from Painting to Decorative Arts
    CHINESE BIRD-AND-FLOWER WALLPAPER FROM PAINTING TO DECORATIVE ARTS A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Yixin Xu December 2020 © 2020 Yixin Xu ABSTRACT This thesis investigates what remains of the Chinese bird-and-flower wallpaper export in Britain today in an attempt to answer the long-existing question of how these wallpapers, as one of the most successful and unique global products in the 18th century, have changed from a type of oriental painting to a Western interior decoration style. Apart from the summary and literature review, this thesis is divided into six parts. The first part introduces the “Chinoiserie” trend popular in Britain in the 18th century and how bird-and-flower wallpapers entered the UK market, while the second part traces the oriental source of inspiration of the Chinese bird-and-flower wallpaper export, known as Chinese bird-and-flower painting. The third part investigates how the emerging assembly line painting workshop in Canton, China, where most export wallpapers were produced, promoted the birth of this unprecedented global commodity, and the fourth part analyzes the impact of the enthusiasm for oriental plants in Britain on the market demand for Chinese bird-and-flower wallpapers and discusses the relationship between bird-and-flower wallpapers and the export of botanical paintings. The fifth part examines how Chinese painters created large decorative art based on traditional art under the influence of Western customers from the perspective of artistic style, proving that both Chinese producers and Western consumers contributed to the birth of bird-and- flower wallpapers.
    [Show full text]
  • 46050-002: Hubei Huanggang Urban Environment Improvement Project
    Environmental Monitoring Report #5 Semiannual Report December 2018 PRC: Hubei Huanggang Urban Environment Improvement Project Prepared by NAREE International Limited for the People's Republic of China and the Asian Development Bank. Environmental Monitoring Report Project No.: 46050 December 2018 Hubei Huanggang Urban Environment Improvement Project SEMI-ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT (Covering July – Dec 2018) Prepared for: Huanggang Municipal Government and the Asian Development Bank Prepared by: NAREE International Limited This environmental monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Asian Development Bank ADB LOAN HUBEI HUANGGANG URBAN ENVIRONMENT IMPROVEMENT PROJECT THE FIFTH SEMI-ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT, DATED DEC 2018 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank IA Implementing agency BOD5 5-day biochemical oxygen demand LAeq Equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level, in decibels CNY Chinese Yuan, Renminbi Leq Equivalent continuous sound pressure level, in decibels CODcr Chemical oxygen demand LIEC Loan implementation environment consultant
    [Show full text]