DOCSLIB.ORG

UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ Rightful And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ Rightful And UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ Rightful and Moral Work: Rethinking Free Labor and Sex Work at the California Borderlands, 1877-1937 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in HISTORY with an emphasis in LATIN AMERICAN AND LATINO STUDIES by Erik Bernardino June 2021 The Dissertation of Erik Bernardino is approved: Professor Grace Peña Delgado, chair Professor Matt O’Hara Professor Gabriela Arredondo Professor Veronica Terríquez Quentin William Acting Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Copyright © by Erik Bernardino 2021 Table of Contents TABLE OF FIGURES iv ABSTRACT v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS viii CHAPTER ONE 1 CHAPTER TWO 46 CHAPTER THREE 98 CHAPTER FOUR 141 CHAPTER FIVE 191 EPILOGUE 243 APPENDIX ONE 262 APPENDIX TWO 263 BIBLIOGRAPHY 264 iii Table of Figures 1 CARLOS PACHECO C. 1870 69 2 1926 PASS-BOOK 151 3 CONTRACT LABORER RECRUITMENT ADVERTISEMENT 201 iv ABSTRACT Rightful and Moral Work: Rethinking Free Labor and Sex Work at the California Borderlands, 1877-1937 Erik Bernardino “Rightful and Moral Work: Rethinking Free Labor and Sex Work at the California-Baja California Borderlands, 1877-1937” explores Mexican working-class identities from a transnational perspective. I argue that Mexican workers, specifically agricultural workers and sex workers, leveraged their crossings between the United States and Mexico to assert rights favorable to themselves and their families. Migrants’ proximity to the US-Mexico border was a critical factor in defying the most exploitative elements of free and semi-free labor systems in which agricultural and sex workers toiled. At the California-Baja California borderlands, mobility disrupted some of the most visible forms of labor exploitation, including contract labor and poverty wages. Mobility also altered how growers and immigration officials understood laborers who struggled against state control of their movement and labor power. Three overarching questions underscore this study: 1) in post-1877 borderlands society, why did Mexican agricultural workers and sex workers resist constraints against their mobility by Mexican and American state-makers; 2) why did Mexican working people living on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico borderlands contest state-based definitions of labor and morality by developing and asserting their own ideas about work and honor; and 3) given that scholars have understood the border as v fluid for Mexicans before 1917, what do these early border crossings tell us about the nascent regimes of federal immigration regulation at the Baja California-California borderlands? “Rightful and Moral Work” shifts our understanding of the U.S.-Mexico borderlands through a focus on morality that considers freedom and unfreedom in everyday identity formation. In connecting morality to labor, this study redirects our attention to early policing mechanisms that created and favored certain laborers over others. Chapter One engages key debates and questions in the historiography of labor, migration, and policing by scholars in Mexico and the United States. Besides identifying the historiographical commitments of the study, Chapter One explores why American society sought to criminalize certain workers, while in Mexico, the same laborers were free from such punishments. In the same vein, Mexican contract labor workers, when they crossed into the United States, entered as free laborers. The difference lay in what each nation considered rightful and moral labor to be. Chapter Two examines the colonization projects of the 1880s in northern Baja California. It lays out a new understanding of labor based on a blended system of both wage labor and debt peonage. Ultimately, Mexicans rejected this combined free labor system and developed strategies to retain political rights like migrating to other places in Mexico or crossing north into the United States. Chapter Three examines the early years of Mexicali’s prostitution industry and the construction of morality from two contested views of labor and morality: the commerce in sex as a threat to decency and an affront to respectability controllable through strong regulatory measures, and the commerce vi in sex as a part of the local economy and as a temporary measure used by women to support their families. Chapter Four explores the 1926 Pass-book Plan in California’s Imperial Valley, also known as the Gentlemen’s Agreement. The Plan, developed by U.S. immigration inspectors, local entrepreneurs, the Calexico Chamber of Commerce, the American Consulate in Mexicali, and Mexican labor contractors, allowed 6500 Mexican men, women, and children to enter the U.S. The Pass-book Plan recognized these efforts and afforded pass-book Mexicans a pathway to American citizenship. Chapter Five examines the labor strikes of the 1920s and 1930s at the California-Baja California borderlands. Municipal police and federal immigration agents policed strike activity and impeded cross-border movement. The Chapter shows that agricultural and sexual commerce workers defined labor as based on one’s ability to provide subsistence for family survival, not morality tied to middle-class religiosity or female chastity. The Epilogue discusses the 1990s and the growing militarization of the U.S.-Mexico border alongside the trope of immigrants as criminals and undeserving welfare users. “Rightful and Moral Work” recasts Mexicans as circulating in a complicated political and cultural landscape between freedom and unfreedom through which they strived toward a better life. vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful for the support of the faculty and staff of the History Department at the University of California, Santa Cruz. This dissertation would not exist without the support of my incredible advisor and dissertation chair, Dr. Grace Peña Delgado. I thank Dr. Delgado for being so patient, supportive, and encouraging through the entirety of my graduate career. I can never repay the tremendous debt I owe her for the career guidance and all the countless hours spent meeting with me to improve my arguments. Dr. Delgado was always ready and willing to provide feedback at every stage of the writing process. The day I met her was the day I hit the academic jackpot. I am grateful for the time and assistance of the members of my committee. Dr. Matt O’Hara provided key insight that pushed me early on in the dissertation’s writing. I also thank Dr. O’Hara for his support when my wife and I lost our twin daughters. I thank Dr. Gabriela Arredondo for her constant support and encouragement to engage with theory. Dr. Arredondo also taught me how to create community in graduate classrooms and the importance of carrying myself as someone who belonged in the academy. Dr. Verónica Terríquez has always been a supportive and enthusiastic mentor. I met Dr. Terríquez at a critical time when I was considering ending my graduate career, but her willingness to help me was a turning point. I viii would also like to thank Aaron Aruck, Priscilla Martinez, Bristol Cave-La Coste and Carlos Cruz. Thank you for forcing me to step away from the dissertation to socialize. I would not have completed the dissertation without the generous financial support that allowed me to conduct research. The UC Santa Cruz History Department funded research trips to Southern California, Baja California Sur, and Mexico City. The Lionel Cantu Memorial Award funded a most productive research trip to Mexicali, Baja California. The Research Center of the Americas’ Writing Community Dissertation Award funded professional editing for Chapter Four. A yearlong position with the History and Civics Project at UC Santa Cruz provided me necessary time to write Chapters One and Two. The HCP at UC Santa Cruz also reminded me of the importance of Mexican American history, engaging with public audiences, and my passion for teaching history. Thank you to Dr. Daisy Martin, Emily Howe, and Dr. George Bunch for the wonderful opportunity. I could not have completed this dissertation without the support of my family. To my mother, I would not be here without you. You are my inspiration. Above everyone else, you have never doubted me and or my ability to complete the dissertation. You can now brag you have a Doctor for a son. Tias Naty and María, gracias por los chistes, pozoles, y atoles. To my brothers, Aldo and Andy, thank you for driving to Santa Cruz and bringing me Tomy’s and excusing my less than helpful demeanor at various stages of the writing process. My in-laws, Salim and Mina, thank you for driving to Santa Cruz to care for Javi when I needed help meeting deadlines. ix My wife Saira, my first editor, soundboard, and unwavering supporter, I cannot thank you enough. We moved away from everything and everyone we knew, and at times I left you in solitude to write. But through it all, you worked hard to give me time to complete the dissertation. Lastly, to my children, Javier, Kira, Estrella, and Luna, los quiero a todos. Javier, your smile reminded me there were more important things in life than sentence structure. Kira, I only held you for a short time, but I will treasure it until the end of my days on this earth. Estrella and Luna, we never had the opportunity to meet, but I see both of you in my mind’s eye when I look up to the night sky. To all three of my daughters, so long as your mom and I remember, you will never truly be gone. Gracias. x CHAPTER ONE Introduction In 1929, Miguel Armenta, a legal resident of Calexico, California, and a citizen of Mexico received a home visit from Zachary T. Forester, a U.S. immigration inspector. What prompted Forester’s visit to the Armenta home was an anonymous letter alleging members of the Armenta extended family entered the United States without authorization.1 The anonymous letter-writer characterized the Armenta family as “no good” and suggested that they posed a danger to society.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Involuntary Servitude: Modern Conditions Addressed in United States V
    Catholic University Law Review Volume 34 Issue 1 Fall 1984 Article 9 1984 Involuntary Servitude: Modern Conditions Addressed in United States v. Mussry John M. Cook Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.edu/lawreview Recommended Citation John M. Cook, Involuntary Servitude: Modern Conditions Addressed in United States v. Mussry, 34 Cath. U. L. Rev. 153 (1985). Available at: https://scholarship.law.edu/lawreview/vol34/iss1/9 This Notes is brought to you for free and open access by CUA Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Catholic University Law Review by an authorized editor of CUA Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NOTES INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE: MODERN CONDITIONS ADDRESSED IN UNITED STATES V. MUSSRY To abolish all conditions of involuntary servitude that resembled African slavery,' the nation adopted the thirteenth amendment to the Constitution in 1865.2 Although the amendment was self-executing,3 Congress was empow- ered to enact laws to enforce the prohibition.4 A number of criminal statutes were passed subsequently, each addressing a particular condition or aspect of involuntary servitude.5 In 1948, Congress enacted a more broadly worded law, 18 U.S.C. § 1584, which forbade holding any person in involun- 6 tary servitude. 1. See infra note 6. 2. Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
    [Show full text]
  • Slaves, Coolies, and Shareholders: Corporations Claim the Fourteenth Amendment
    Slaves, Coolies, and Shareholders: Corporations Claim the Fourteenth Amendment Evelyn Atkinson The Journal of the Civil War Era, Volume 10, Number 1, March 2020, pp. 54-80 (Article) Published by The University of North Carolina Press For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/750249 Access provided at 5 Mar 2020 05:04 GMT from University of Chicago evelyn atkinson Slaves, Coolies, and Shareholders Corporations Claim the Fourteenth Amendment This article examines the little-known case In re Tiburcio Parrott (1880), in which the federal court extended Fourteenth Amendment rights to corporations for the frst time. It reveals that an analogy between Chinese immigrants and corporate share- holders was the basis for the court’s reasoning. This article explores the social and political context of the movements for Chinese exclusion and corporate regulation in 1870s California to explain this analogy, revealing that Chinese immigrants and corporations were seen as intertwined threats that challenged free white labor and threatened popular democracy. The article focuses on the dueling interpretations of “equal treatment” and “free labor” at play in this confict. It shows how arguments by corporate lawyers, who represented both corporate clients and Chinese immi- grants, and the support of sympathetic judges, lay the foundation for an expansive interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment that eventually was endorsed by the US Supreme Court. On a drizzly day in February 1880, in an empty sandlot next to San Francisco’s city hall, Denis Kearney called for the erection of a gallows.1 An Irish immigrant who helped found the Workingmen’s Party of California, Kearney declared that “incorporated men” who “refused to discharge their Chinese help” should be “hung ‘higher than a kite.’”2 These “thieves” needed to comply with the provision of the newly enacted California constitution that prohibited any corporation from employing Chinese labor.
    [Show full text]
  • Italian Immigrants in Portland, Maine, 1880-1920
    © COPYRIGHT by Robin Rae Svendsen 2017 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this work to Rudolph “Rudy” DiPietro, who passed away just one week after our meeting of round-table storytelling in the Cantina at the Italian Heritage Center. Rudy was a unique character, a stalwart of the past, and his lively storytelling will be missed by this researcher. Also, to my father, Joseph DiDominicus “Chessi,” whose tales of stickball, lobster and strong women in this Italian enclave kept my imagination full of curiosity as a child, and my feminist backbone strong. He was a loving father who survived the early death of his father, childhood poverty, three wars, and four teenagers to instill his old-world lessons of la famiglia in his children which are woven through many of the tales in this research. MIGRATORY RESISTANCE COMMUNITIES ITALIAN IMMIGRANTS IN PORTLAND, MAINE, 1880-1920 BY Robin Rae Svendsen ABSTRACT This thesis seeks to illuminate the resistance communities that existed in the rural southern villages of the Mezzogiorno region of Italy, specifically Lettomanoppello, before and after Italian Unification and removed to Portland, Maine in the United States to re-establish their matrilineal subsistence culture. Through multiple lines of evidence, including previous scholarship, documents, past interviews with immigrants and current personal communication with descendants of immigrants, this research contextualizes the presence of resistance in the immigrant’s initial interaction with capitalism. The research follows the immigrant’s continued resistance to capitalism including the concept of individualism that attacked their familial organization and sacredly held joy of communal time.
    [Show full text]
  • Assoggettamento Da Juju? Decostruire Le Categorie Della Dipendenza Tra Le Giovani Migranti Dalla Nigeria
    2021 | ANUAC. VOL. 10, N° 1, GIUGNO 2021: 161-185 Assoggettamento da juju? Decostruire le categorie della dipendenza tra le giovani migranti dalla Nigeria Alessandra BRIVIO Università di Milano Bicocca Juju subjugation? Deconstructing the categories of dependence among young migrants from Nigeria ABSTRACT: The article aims to discuss the role of the magical-religious dimension in the subjection and sexual exploitation of the women Nigerian migrants in Italy, and the resonance that this dimension has in public discourse. Drawing on my involvement in a court case against a woman accused of trafficking and enslavement, the article aims to provide an Africanist perspective to the discussion on Nigerian women migration. It develops on two main issues. First, I reconstruct the frame that produced what is commonly called juju; then I analyze the correlation between dependence and debt in the frame of the Atlantic and colonial history. The purpose of the article is to give a historical and political dignity to migrants and to question the juju as a device that in Italy contributes to strengthening gender discriminations, individual suffering and to produce racist discourses. KEYWORDS: DEBT; JUJU; PROSTITUTION; REFUGEES; NIGERIA. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons © Alessandra Brivio Assoggettamento da juju? Decostruire le categorie della dipendenza tra le giovani migranti dalla Nigeria 2021 | ANUAC. VOL. 10, N° 1, GIUGNO 2021: 161-185. ISSN: 2239-625X – DOI: 10.7340/anuac2239-625X-4893 162 ALESSANDRA BRIVIO Lo sfruttamento sessuale delle migranti, che da Edo State, nel sud della Nigeria, si muovono verso l’Europa, è un fenomeno che coinvolge l’Italia da più di due decenni1.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of San Diego History V 50, No 1&2
    T HE J OURNAL OF SANDIEGO HISTORy VOLUME 50 ■ WINTER/ SPRING 2004 ■ NUMBERS 1 & 2 IRIS H. W. ENGSTRAND MOLLY MCCLAIN Editors COLIN FISHER DAWN M. RIGGS Review Editors MATTHEW BOKOVOY Contributing Editor Published since 1955 by the SAN DIEGO HISTORICAL SOCIETY Post Office Box 81825, San Diego, California 92138 ISSN 0022-4383 T HE J OURNAL OF SAN DIEGO HISTORy VOLUME 50 ■ WINTER/SPRING 2004 ■ NUMBERS 1 & 2 Editorial Consultants Published quarterly by the MATTHEW BOKOVOY San Diego Historical Society at University of Oklahoma 1649 El Prado, Balboa Park, San Diego, California 92101 DONALD C. CUTTER Albuquerque, New Mexico A $50.00 annual membership in the San WILLIAM DEVERELL Diego Historical Society includes subscrip- University of Southern California; Director, Huntington-USC Institute on California tion to The Journal of San Diego History and and the West the SDHS Times. Back issues and microfilm copies are available. VICTOR GERACI University of California, Berkeley Articles and book reviews for publication PHOEBE KROPP consideration, as well as editorial correspon- University of Pennsylvania dence should be addressed to the ROGER W. LOTCHIN Editors, The Journal of San Diego History University of North Carolina Department of History, University of San at Chapel Hill Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA NEIL MORGAN 92110 Journalist DOYCE B. NUNIS, JR. All article submittals should be typed and University of Southern California double spaced, and follow the Chicago Manual of Style. Authors should submit four JOHN PUTMAN San Diego State University copies of their manuscript, plus an electronic copy, in MS Word or in rich text format ANDREW ROLLE (RTF).
    [Show full text]
  • Moving Millions: How Coyote Capitalism Fuels Global Immigration
    —continued from front fl ap— $27.95 USA/$33.95 CAN ADVANCE PRAISE FOR Kaye takes readers around the world in sear ch of Kaye On the same day that r eporter Jef frey Kaye answers, with stops in Mexico, Eur ope, the UAE, MOVING MILLIONS visited the T ondo hospital in northwest Manila, Poland, Senegal, and elsewher e. Interviewing members of an employees association wearing smugglers and undocumented workers, recruiters “A really wonderful book. With vivid writing that brings policy to hospital uniforms rallied in the outside courtyar d and legal immigrants, Kaye fi nds surprising life through the people most touched by it, Moving Millions pulls demanding pay raises. The nurses at the hospital connections between globalization, economic took home about $261 a month, while in the us acr oss the global landscape of one of the least understood growth, and the convoluted immigration debates United States, nurses earn, on average, more than taking place in the United States and other phenomena of our time—human migration—and demonstrates fi fteen times that rate of pay. No wonder so many industrialized countries. why each of us has a stake in what happens to these strangers in our nurses leave the Philippines. What does it all add up to? America’ s Between 2000 and 2007, nearly 78,000 MOVING MILLIONS midst. Kaye’s done such a fantastic job of capturing the human, as IMMIGRATION FUELS GLOBAL CAPITALISM COYOTE HOW approach to importing workers looks fr om the qualifi ed nurses left the Philippines to work outside like a patchwork of unnecessary laws and well as the government and commercial, sides of this complicated abroad, but ther e’s mor e to it than the pull of regulations, but the machinery of immigration is issue.
    [Show full text]
  • CLAH 2012 Fall Newsletter
    Fall 2007 Newsletter 47:2 CONFERENCE ON LATIN AMERICAN HISTORY FALL 2011 NEWSLETTER Volume 47, Number 2 IN THIS ISSUE: I. Message from President Cynthia Radding …………………………………….........…… 2 II. Message from Executive Secretary Jerry Dávila ………………………………………… 3 III. Paul Vanderwood, 2011 Distinguished Service Award Recipient ...….………………. 4 IV. Scobie Award Reports: 1. Adriana Chira.............................................................................................. 5 2. Shawn Moura ..........................................................................................… 7 4. Benjamin Nobbs-Thiessen........................................................................... 8 5. Erin Zavitz............................................................….............................….. 9 V. News from Members ...................................................................................….......... 10 VI. In Memoriam Catherine Julien ...........................................................................................…. 11 Campbell Dirck Keyser .................................................................................... 12 Elsa Malvido Miranda, by Susan Deeds ........................................................... 13 Paul Vanderwood, by Eric Van Young ............................................................. 14 Paul Vanderwood, by Sergio A. Cañedo Gamboa ............................................ 17 VII. In Appreciation: CLAH Endowment and Fund Contributors .............…........…..........… 19 VIII. Welcome
    [Show full text]
  • Juan Soldado La Canonización Popular De Un Violador Y Asesino Confeso Paul J
    Juan Soldado La canonización popular de un violador y asesino confeso Paul J. Vanderwood CONTEXTO En febrero de 1938, una niña de ocho años de edad fue violada y asesinada en Tijuana, México. Un soldado, que apenas contaba 24 años de edad, se confesó autor del crimen y, tras un juicio sumario, fue ejecutado. Poco después, grupos de curiosos dieron en comentar ciertas “señales” –la presencia de lo divino– en la tumba del soldado. De este modo, dio inicio el culto al soldado muerto; ocurrían milagros y los fieles erigieron un altar junto a la tumba. El culto continúa hasta la fecha. Cientos de personas visitan el altar en memoria de Juan Soldado, en busca de favores; la capillita se encuentra cubierta de exvotos en los que se da gracias por los milagros recibidos. En este trabajo se examina cómo un violador-asesino confeso terminó por ser objeto de culto como si se tratase de un santo1. EL CRIMEN El 13 de febrero de 1938, al atardecer, Olga Camacho, a la sazón con ocho años de edad, acudió a la tienda de la esquina de su casa, en la ciudad fronteriza de Tijuana, a comprar un trozo de carne para la cena familiar. Al ver que no regresaba, su madre, Feliza, comenzó a preocuparse y se dirigió a la tienda a indagar acerca del paradero de su hija. En efecto, la niña había estado en la tienda, recordó el propieta- rio, y había comprado la carne. La había visto por última vez brincando por la calle 1. Este ensayo contiene un resumen del nuevo libro del autor, titulado Juan Soldado: Rapist, Murderer, Martyr, Saint.
    [Show full text]
  • A Unit on Immigration, Industrialization, Urbanization, and Imperialism, 1880-1920
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 130 944 95 SO 009 521 TITLE An Ethnic Dimension in American History: A Unit on Immigration, Industrialization, Urbanization, and Imperialism, 1880-1920. Resource Guide. INSTITUTION B'nai B'rith, New York, N.Y. Anti-Defamation League. SPONS AGENCY Bureau of Postsecondary Education (DHEW/OE) , Washington, D.C. Div. of International Education. NOTE 83p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.83 HC-$4.67 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS American Indians; Asian Americans; Behavioral Sciences; *Cultural Background; Cultural Education; Cultural Pluralism; Elementary Secondary Education; *Ethnic Groups; History Instruction; Italian Americans; Jews; Mexican Americans; Mexicans; Minority Groups; Negroes; Puerto Ricans; *Resource Guides; Rural to Urban Migration; Social Sciences; Social Studies; *United States History; *Unit Plan ABSTRACT This resource guide provides a model unit in American history with ethnic content and a multiethnic perspective. The main focus is on the experience of blacks, Jews, Chicanos, Puerto Ricans, Italian Americans, Asian Americans, and native Americans from 1880 to 1920. Four themes characteristic of the period are studied: immigration and minority groups, industrialization, urbanization, and imperialism and the rise of the United States to world power. In developing each theme, the unit suggests an outline of the subject, discussion questions, student activities, and appropriate audiovisual materials. Students perform comparative analyses of famous novels of the period, do research on stereotypes in the media, visit local city or state museums, and identify class ancestry on a world map as "new" and "old" immigrants. A selected annotated bibliography for teachers lists 14 books and journals. Another annotated bibliography for students contains over 200 references in categories of Ethnic Groups and Ethnic History, General History, and Social and Behavioral Science Reference.
    [Show full text]
  • Arresting the Padroni Problem and Rescuing the White Slaves in America: Italian Diplomats, Immigration Restrictionists & the Italian Bureau 1881-1901
    Saggi Arresting the Padroni Problem and Rescuing the White Slaves in America: Italian Diplomats, Immigration Restrictionists & the Italian Bureau 1881-1901 Teresa Fava Thomas Fitchburg State College This paper examines the conflict between the Italian foreign ministry and the US government over the protection of Italian immigrants in America from two perspectives: first, the crusader, Celso Cesare Moreno, who sought to end the padrone system of contract labor agents and tried to rescue the so called schiavi bianchi, «white slaves». But his campaign to protect Italian immigrants developed into exaggerated and destructive attacks to the Italian ambassador and his staff. Second, from the perspective of the Italian ambassador, Francesco Saverio Fava, who worked to stem the influence of thepadroni and established the Italian Bureau at Ellis Island to protect Italian immigrants1. Ironically, the ferocity of Moreno’s attacks on Italian diplomats only served immigration re- strictionists, like Terrence Powderly and Henry Cabot Lodge, who wanted to eliminate the Italian Bureau as a means to restrict and eventually halt Italian immigration. Scholar Joseph Cosco (2003, p. 8) has shown how Americans in the 1890’s discarded their romantic view of Italy in a shift to what he called «italophobia». John Zucchi (1992) described the scandalous abuse of Italian children who worked as street musicians, after padroni masters had literally bought control over them from their parents. Luciano Iorizzo briefly examined the battle over the Italian Bureau in an article «The Padrone and Immigrant Distribution» (1970). Italian historian Laura Pilotti (1993, pp. 31-36) has examined these events from the perspective of the Italian foreign ministry; but the complex © Centro Altreitalie, Globus et Locus 57 Altreitalie gennaio-giugno 2010 interaction between Moreno and the Italian ambassador in America has yet to be explored.
    [Show full text]
  • Labor and Migration; an Annotated Bibliography. INSTITUTION City Univ
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 044 500 VT 011 779 AUTHOR Brooks, Thomas R. TITLE Labor and Migration; An Annotated Bibliography. INSTITUTION City Univ. of New York, Brooklyn, N.Y. Brooklyn Coll. PUB DATE Feb 70 NOTE 40p. AVAILABLE FROM Director, Center for Migration Studies, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210 ($5.00) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF-$0.25 HC-$2.10 DESCRIPTORS *Annotated Bibliographies, Employment Opportunities, *Immigrants, *Labor Economics, *Labor Unions, *Manpower Utilization, Migration ABSTRACT This annotated bibliography is intended to contribute toward an understanding of labor and migration, both of which have helped to shape our nation. A total of 131 works, including a few periodicals and newspapers, focus on immigration and internal migration as it affects organized and unorganized labor. (BH) I OfloANIVIMCG mtatII tbutikKY4 stS111,11/ °Ma lOvtistr04 04I 100.VES IS SUN 411.0tx.K40 IICIS 0/(5 Nit ofC t1 ettso. pa okzonvi011 ce,IviANG it100 % et* poos.co.,s voter DO rot %:(15 S"I'ttiVt Mrt.lt est,c1 Of :SerC CI CVO, Ito.4"0464118911 6M*FOR ) BROOKLYN, NEW YORK Halo Co Lt1 4. PREFACE -41 O "The stranger" has always presented problems and encountered problems. The biblical uJ injunction on the treatment of strangers is an early instance in our lvdeo-Christian heritage of an attempt to improve attitudes and actions toward the stranger. We in the United States must be sensitive to the presence of strangers. We are, as has been said many times, "a nation of immigrants." Even the Indians found by the first Europeans had only been here some 25 or 30,000 years, newcomers in a geological time sense.
    [Show full text]
  • Los Santos Patronos De Los Migrantes Mexicanos a Estados Unidos
    Rafael Alarcón e Macrina Cárdenas Montaño LOS SANTOS PATRONOS DE LOS MIGRANTES MEXICANOS A ESTADOS UNIDOS Rafael Alarcón* Macrina Cárdenas Montaño** La mayor parte los migrantes mexicanos indocumentados que buscan encontrar un empleo en Estados Unidos son católicos, por esta razón, han incorporado a la devoción de los santos patronos sus tribulaciones que incluyen el trayecto desde sus comunidades de origen a la frontera norte, los peligros del cruce indocumentado, la búsqueda de trabajo y la posible deportación. El objetivo central de este artículo es analizar las características más importantes de tres devociones de los migrantes indocumentados en Tijuana, Baja California, México: Santo Toribio Romo, el “Santo Pollero” que fue canonizado en 2000, el Beato Juan Bautista Scalabrini, fundador de los Misioneros Scalabrinianos y Juan Soldado quien surgió de la religiosidad popular. Palabras clave: migración internacional, religiosidad popular, iglesia católica, Tijuana, México. Introducción1 La migración de México a Estados Unidos tiene una historia de más de un siglo y es en la actualidad un proceso masivo que incluye una gran cantidad de personas que residen en Estados Unidos o cruzan la frontera de manera indocumentada. La mayor parte de estos migrantes mexicanos profesan la religión católica por lo que han incorporado a la devoción de los * Departamento de Estudios Sociales, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte. Tijuana, Baja California/México. ** Mexico Solidarity Network. Tijuana, Baja California/México. 1 Esta es una versión revisada de la que fue publicada originalmente en el libro editado por Ana Paula Beja Horta y João Peixoto, Religião e Migrações: Práticas de Intervenção e Perspectivas de Análise.
    [Show full text]