Who Was Abdullah Azzam?
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Usama Bin Ladin's
Usama bin Ladin’s “Father Sheikh”: Yunus Khalis and the Return of al-Qa`ida’s Leadership to Afghanistan Harmony Program Kevin Bell USAMA BIN LADIN’S “FATHER SHEIKH:” YUNUS KHALIS AND THE RETURN OF AL‐QA`IDA’S LEADERSHIP TO AFGHANISTAN THE COMBATING TERRORISM CENTER AT WEST POINT www.ctc.usma.edu 14 May 2013 The views expressed in this paper are the author’s and do not necessarily reflect those of the Combating Terrorism Center, the U.S. Military Academy, the Department of Defense or the U.S. government. Author’s Acknowledgments This report would not have been possible without the generosity and assistance of the director of the Harmony Research Program at the Combating Terrorism Center (CTC), Don Rassler. Mr. Rassler provided me with the support and encouragement to pursue this project, and his enthusiasm for the material always helped to lighten my load. I should state here that the first tentative steps on this line of inquiry were made during my time as a student at the Program in Near Eastern Studies at Princeton University. If not for professor Şükrü Hanioğlu’s open‐minded approach to directing my MA thesis, it is unlikely that I would have embarked on this investigation of Yunus Khalis. Professor Michael Reynolds also deserves great credit for his patience with this project as a member of my thesis committee. I must also extend my utmost appreciation to my reviewers—Carr Center Fellow Michael Semple, professor David Edwards and Vahid Brown—whose insightful comments, I believe, have led to a substantially improved and more thoughtful product. -
Foreign Terrorist Organizations
Order Code RL32223 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Foreign Terrorist Organizations February 6, 2004 Audrey Kurth Cronin Specialist in Terrorism Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Huda Aden, Adam Frost, and Benjamin Jones Research Associates Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Foreign Terrorist Organizations Summary This report analyzes the status of many of the major foreign terrorist organizations that are a threat to the United States, placing special emphasis on issues of potential concern to Congress. The terrorist organizations included are those designated and listed by the Secretary of State as “Foreign Terrorist Organizations.” (For analysis of the operation and effectiveness of this list overall, see also The ‘FTO List’ and Congress: Sanctioning Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations, CRS Report RL32120.) The designated terrorist groups described in this report are: Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade Armed Islamic Group (GIA) ‘Asbat al-Ansar Aum Supreme Truth (Aum) Aum Shinrikyo, Aleph Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) Communist Party of Philippines/New People’s Army (CPP/NPA) Al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group, IG) HAMAS (Islamic Resistance Movement) Harakat ul-Mujahidin (HUM) Hizballah (Party of God) Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) Jaish-e-Mohammed (JEM) Jemaah Islamiya (JI) Al-Jihad (Egyptian Islamic Jihad) Kahane Chai (Kach) Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK, KADEK) Lashkar-e-Tayyiba -
Terrorism Versus Democracy
Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 20:58 07 June 2016 Terrorism versus Democracy This book examines the terrorist networks that operate globally and analyses the long-term future of terrorism and terrorist-backed insurgencies. Terrorism remains a serious problem for the international community. The global picture does not indicate that the ‘war on terror’, which President George W. Bush declared in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, has been won. On the other hand it would be incorrect to assume that Al Qaeda, its affiliates and other jihadi groups have won their so-called ‘holy war’ against the Coalition against Terrorism formed after 9/11. This new edition gives more attention to the political and strategic impact of modern transnational terrorism, the need for maximum international cooperation by law-abiding states to counter not only direct threats to the safety and security of their own citizens but also to preserve international peace and security through strengthening counter-proliferation and cooperative threat reduction (CTR). This book is essential reading for undergraduate and postgraduate students of terrorism studies, political science and international relations, as well as for policy makers and journalists. Paul Wilkinson is Emeritus Professor of International Relations and Chairman of the Advisory Board of the Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence (CSTPV) at the University of St Andrews. He is author of several books on terrorism issues and was co-founder of the leading international journal, Terrorism and Political Violence. Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 20:58 07 June 2016 Series: Political Violence Series Editors: Paul Wilkinson and David Rapoport This book series contains sober, thoughtful and authoritative academic accounts of terrorism and political violence. -
The Coils of the Anaconda: America's
THE COILS OF THE ANACONDA: AMERICA’S FIRST CONVENTIONAL BATTLE IN AFGHANISTAN BY C2009 Lester W. Grau Submitted to the graduate degree program in Military History and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ____________________________ Dr. Theodore A Wilson, Chairperson ____________________________ Dr. James J. Willbanks, Committee Member ____________________________ Dr. Robert F. Baumann, Committee Member ____________________________ Dr. Maria Carlson, Committee Member ____________________________ Dr. Jacob W. Kipp, Committee Member Date defended: April 27, 2009 The Dissertation Committee for Lester W. Grau certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: THE COILS OF THE ANACONDA: AMERICA’S FIRST CONVENTIONAL BATTLE IN AFGHANISTAN Committee: ____________________________ Dr. Theodore A Wilson, Chairperson ____________________________ Dr. James J. Willbanks, Committee Member ____________________________ Dr. Robert F. Baumann, Committee Member ____________________________ Dr. Maria Carlson, Committee Member ____________________________ Dr. Jacob W. Kipp, Committee Member Date approved: April 27, 2009 ii PREFACE Generals have often been reproached with preparing for the last war instead of for the next–an easy gibe when their fellow-countrymen and their political leaders, too frequently, have prepared for no war at all. Preparation for war is an expensive, burdensome business, yet there is one important part of it that costs little–study. However changed and strange the new conditions of war may be, not only generals, but politicians and ordinary citizens, may find there is much to be learned from the past that can be applied to the future and, in their search for it, that some campaigns have more than others foreshadowed the coming pattern of modern war.1 — Field Marshall Viscount William Slim. -
THE IDEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION of OSAMA BIN LADEN by Copyright 2008 Christopher R. Carey Submitted to the Graduate Degree Program In
THE IDEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OF OSAMA BIN LADEN BY Copyright 2008 Christopher R. Carey Submitted to the graduate degree program in International Studies and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master’s of Arts. ___Dr. Rose Greaves __________________ Chairperson _Dr. Alice Butler-Smith ______________ Committee Member _ Dr. Hal Wert ___________________ Committee Member Date defended:___May 23, 2008 _________ Acceptance Page The Thesis Committee for Christopher R. Carey certifies that this is the approved Version of the following thesis: THE IDEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OF OSAMA BIN LADEN _ Dr. Rose Greaves __________ Chairperson _ _May 23, 2008 ____________ Date approved: 2 Abstract Christopher R. Carey M.A. International Studies Department of International Studies, Summer 2008 University of Kansas One name is above all others when examining modern Islamic fundamentalism – Osama bin Laden. Bin Laden has earned global notoriety because of his role in the September 11 th attacks against the United States of America. Yet, Osama does not represent the beginning, nor the end of Muslim radicals. He is only one link in a chain of radical thought. Bin Laden’s unorthodox actions and words will leave a legacy, but what factors influenced him? This thesis provides insight into understanding the ideological foundation of Osama bin Laden. It incorporates primary documents from those individuals responsible for indoctrinating the Saudi millionaire, particularly Abdullah Azzam and Ayman al-Zawahiri. Additionally, it identifies key historic figures and events that transformed bin Laden from a modest, shy conservative into a Muslim extremist. 3 Acknowledgements This work would not be possible without inspiration from each of my committee members. -
Abu Ubaida Al-Banshiri
Abu ‘Ubayda al-Banshiri Ali Amin ‘Ali al-Rashidi, better known as Abu ‘Ubayda al-Banshiri, was born in May of 1950 in Cairo, Egypt. At 46, he was al-Qa’ida’s military commander and second-in- command when he perished in a ferry accident on Lake Victoria on May 21, 1996. After acquiring his nom de guerre in Afghanistan while fighting the Soviets in the 1980s, al- Rashidi became a founding member of al-Qa’ida. He was intimately involved in al- Qa’ida’s expansion to the African continent, as well as the operational planning of their activities there. Al-Rashidi’s documented history begins with the assassination of Anwar al-Sadat in October of 1981. ‘Abd al-Hamid ‘Abd al-Salam, al-Rashidi’s future brother-in-law, was one of the several assassins along with a National Police officer.1 The assassins were members of an early incarnation of Egyptian Islamic Jihad, also called al-Jihad. In the ensuing crackdown on radicalism, al-Rashidi was dismissed from his job as a National Police officer, and arrested briefly for exhibiting extremist tendencies and having alleged ties to al-Jihad.2 In 1983, al-Rashidi married Hafsah Sa’d Rashwan, the sister of ‘Abd al-Salam’s wife. According to testimony provided by al-Rashidi’s wife, his involvement in jihad actually began shortly after this time. She states that they were in a poor financial situation two months after their marriage, during which time he was working in construction but contemplating a move to Saudi Arabia. -
The Battle of the Lion's Den, Afghanistan, 1987
Part II: The Battle of the Lion's Den, Afghanistan, 1987 Introduction by Usama Bin Muhammad Bin Ladin The famous Battle of Jaji was where Allah gave victory to the People of Truth over the Peopl e of Falsehood. This battl e will go down in history as one of the great battles of contemporary Islamic times and by so doing , it joins the long list of great victo ries for the peopl e of Isla m, whic h incl ude Badr , Yarmu k47 (fou ght agai nst the Roman s unde r the command of Khal id bin Al-Waleed), Al-Qadi siyya h48 (fought against the Persians), Hitteen49 (fought against the Christians whe n Mas jid Al- Aqs a was occ upi ed, and led by Sal ahu dee n Al Ayy ubi), Ain Jal ut 50 (fo ught aga inst the Mon gols and led by Muzaffar Qutuz). Jaji goes down in history as a decisiv e and conclus ive battle towards the end of the 20th Cent ury, duri ng the Afgh an Jiha d agai nst the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union at the time, had in its possession thelar ges t army of the Wor ld, whi ch symb oli sed the mig ht of the Warsaw Pact. The Soviet forces entered into Afghanistan in 1979CE (1399 AH). These dates , in both calendars, signi fy the latte r part of each respective century. The Battle of Jaji was a great victory and miracle by the Grace of Allah. It was the ultimate confrontation pitting the Muslims against the leadi ng idol-power at the time, which had in its posse ssion the latest and most advanced military technology and hardware. -
What We Won: America's Secret War in Afghanistan, 1979–89
$0(5,&$¶66(&5(7:$5,1$)*+$1,67$1 ± Bruce Riedel This book is downloaded from www.Bawarketabtoon.com Email: [email protected] There comes a time when you have to choose between turning the page and closing the book. –Josh Jameson n February 1989, the CIA’s chief in Islamabad famously cabled headquarters a simple message, “We Won.” It was an understated coda to the most successful covert intelligence operation in American history. IIn What We Won, CIA and National Security Council veteran Bruce Riedel tells the story of America’s secret war in Afghanistan and the defeat of the Soviet 40th Red Army in a struggle that proved to be the final and decisive battle of the cold war. By answering the question—why did this intelligence operation succeed so brilliantly?— Riedel presents a nuanced narrative about the conflict to show how, counterintuitively, America won this intelligence battle. Riedel has the vantage point few others can offer: he was ensconced in the CIA’s Operations Center when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan on Christmas Eve 1979. The invasion took the intelligence community by surprise. But the response, initiated by Jimmy Carter and accelerated by Ronald Reagan, was a masterful intelligence enterprise. Many books have been written about intelligence failures—from Pearl Harbor to 9/11. Much less has been written about how and why intelligence operations succeed. The answer is complex. It involves both the weaknesses and mistakes of America’s enemies, as well as the good judgment and strengths of the United States Riedel introduces and explores the various personalities pitted against each other— the Afghan communists, the Russians, the Afghan mujahedin, the Saudis, and the Pakistanis. -
Jemaah Islamiyah in South East Asia
JEMAAH ISLAMIYAH IN SOUTH EAST ASIA: DAMAGED BUT STILL DANGEROUS 26 August 2003 ICG Asia Report N°63 Jakarta/Brussels TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. THE NETWORK IN AFGHANISTAN........................................................................ 2 A. THE KEY FIGURES ................................................................................................................2 B. IMPORTANCE OF THE BATTLE OF JAJI, APRIL 1987................................................................4 C. THE “MILITARY ACADEMY” AND ITS OFFSHOOTS ................................................................4 D. THE AFGHAN ALUMNI ..........................................................................................................7 III. CONSOLIDATION OF THE STRUCTURE ............................................................ 11 IV. THE MAKASSAR BOMBS......................................................................................... 13 A. WAHDAH ISLAMIYAH..........................................................................................................14 B. PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING THE BOMBING ...................................................................15 V. TRAINING IN MINDANAO....................................................................................... 16 A. CAMP HUDAIBIYAH -
Jihadists Assemble: the Rise of Militant Islamism in Southeast Asia
JIHADISTS ASSEMBLE: THE RISE OF MILITANT ISLAMISM IN SOUTHEAST ASIA Quinton Temby A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the Australian National University Department of Political & Social Change Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs College of Asia & the Pacific Australian National University © Copyright Quinton Temby All Rights Reserved July 2017 I certify that this dissertation is my own original work. To the best of my knowledge, it contains no material that has been accepted for the award of a degree or diploma in any university and contains no material previously published by another person, except where due reference is made in the text of the dissertation. Quinton Temby ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The preparation of this thesis has left me indebted to many people. It would not have been possible at all without the generous support of my primary supervisor, Associate Professor Greg Fealy, who encouraged my curiosity for this topic from the outset and who expertly guided and challenged me throughout the long process of research and writing. On my supervisory panel, I was privileged to have Professor Ed Aspinall and Professor Robert Cribb, whose critical feedback and scholarly example has been an object lesson. For help and guidance in ways impossible to count or measure, much less repay, I am grateful to Sidney Jones. In both Canberra and Jakarta, I enjoyed the support of Associate Professor Marcus Mietzner. For persistently challenging me to think regionally, I owe much of the vision of this thesis to Dr Kit Collier. In Indonesia, above all I would like to thank Sita W. -
Norsk Rapport
FFI-rapport 2009/00915 106701 Keywords Islamisme Libanon Syrisk politikk Sosiale bevegelser Midt-Østen Approved by Brynjar Lia Project manager Jan Erik Torp Director of Research Espen Skjelland Director 2 FFI-rapport 2009/00915 English summary This study analyses the Islamist movements in Tripoli, in light of Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of a religious field. Its point of departure is the empirical observation that the Islamist movements in Tripoli, a city in North Lebanon with approximately 500,000 inhabitants, are among the most fragmented in the entire Ummah (the Islamic nation). Previous studies have not sufficiently explained this high degree of fragmentation, because they have been unable to bridge the disciplinary boundaries necessary, and take into account the ideosyncracies of Lebanese politics, while at the same time insisting on the transnationalised character of most Islamist movements. Seeking to account for the fragmentation within the religious field in Tripoli, the present study seeks to answer five main questions: Firstly, which are the most salient issues that divide the religious leaders within the field? Secondly, which are the endogenous and exogenous factors that account for the fragmentation within the field? Thirdly, do religious leaders in Tripoli relate to political decision makers when the political opportunity structures undergo changes? How is the religious field conquered by the political field, and through with means do its leaders manage to gain autonomy from the political decision makers? And lastly, what does the case of Tripoli tell us about the relationship between the religous and the political spheres in other Islamic centra in the Umma? The main findings of this study is that the Islamist leaders in Tripoli are drawn between unity and fragmentation. -
Damaged but Still Dangerous
JEMAAH ISLAMIYAH IN SOUTH EAST ASIA: DAMAGED BUT STILL DANGEROUS 26 August 2003 ICG Asia Report N°63 Jakarta/Brussels TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. THE NETWORK IN AFGHANISTAN........................................................................ 2 A. THE KEY FIGURES ................................................................................................................2 B. IMPORTANCE OF THE BATTLE OF JAJI, APRIL 1987................................................................4 C. THE “MILITARY ACADEMY” AND ITS OFFSHOOTS ................................................................4 D. THE AFGHAN ALUMNI ..........................................................................................................7 III. CONSOLIDATION OF THE STRUCTURE ............................................................ 11 IV. THE MAKASSAR BOMBS......................................................................................... 13 A. WAHDAH ISLAMIYAH..........................................................................................................14 B. PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING THE BOMBING ...................................................................15 V. TRAINING IN MINDANAO....................................................................................... 16 A. CAMP HUDAIBIYAH