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ECFG-El Salvador-2020R.Pdf
ECFG: Central America Central ECFG: About this Guide This guide is designed to prepare you to deploy to culturally complex environments and achieve mission objectives. The fundamental information contained within will help you understand the cultural dimension of your assigned location and gain skills necessary for success (Photo: US Army infantry officer works with Salvadorans to complete a rope system spanning El Salvador’s Lempa River). E The guide consists of 2 parts: CFG Part 1 “Culture General” provides the foundational knowledge you need to operate effectively in any global environment with a focus on El Salvador Central America (CENTAM). Part 2 “Culture Specific” describes unique cultural features of Salvadoran society. It applies culture-general concepts to help increase your knowledge of your assigned deployment location. This section is designed to complement other pre-deployment training. (Photo: US Ambassador to El Salvador Jean Elizabeth Manes chats with a Salvadoran student during Friendship Day). For further information, visit the Air Force Culture and Language Center (AFCLC) website at www.airuniversity.af.edu/AFCLC/ or contact the AFCLC Region Team at [email protected]. Disclaimer: All text is the property of the AFCLC and may not be modified by a change in title, content, or labeling. It may be reproduced in its current format with the express permission of the AFCLC. All photography is provided as a courtesy of the US government, Wikimedia, and other sources. GENERAL CULTURE PART 1 – CULTURE GENERAL What is Culture? Fundamental to all aspects of human existence, culture shapes the way humans view life and functions as a tool we use to adapt to our social and physical environments. -
The Political Influence of the Maras in El Salvador
Analysis Paper 32/2020 14 October 2020 María Luisa Pastor Gómez The political influence of the maras Visitar la WEB Recibir BOLETÍN ELECTRÓNICO in El Salvador The political influence of the maras in El Salvador Abstract: The Salvadoran gangs and in particular the Mara Salvatrucha (MS13) have been acquiring more and more power within the country, until they have become a real political power. A power with wich all parties have negotiated covertly, either to reduce the high levels of violence in the country or just for electoral purposes, as it has been report by the newspaper ‘El Faro’. The content of the report has been denied by the government but is being investigated by the Attorney General's Office. Keywords: Street gangs, MS13, Bukele, El Salvador, dialogue How to cite this document: PASTOR GÓMEZ, María Luisa. The political influence of the maras in El Salvador. IEEE Analysis Paper 32/2020. http://www.ieee.es/Galerias/fichero/docs_analisis/2020/DIEEEA32_2020LUIPAS_maras Salvador-ENG.pdf and/or bie3 link (accessed day/month/year) *NOTE: The ideas contained in the Analysis Papers are the responsibility of their authors. They do not necessarily reflect the thinking of the IEEE or the Ministry of Defense. Analysis Paper 32/2020 1 The political influence of the maras in El Salvador María Luisa Pastor Gómez The political influence of the maras in El Salvador Resumen: Las pandillas salvadoreñas y en particular la Mara Salvatrucha (MS13) han ido adquiriendo cada vez más poder en el seno del país, hasta convertirse en un poder de facto con el que los partidos políticos han negociado de manera encubierta, ya sea para reducir los altos niveles de violencia del país o con fines electoralistas. -
Russia's Activities in Latin America
RUSSIA’S ACTIVITIES IN LATIN AMERICA May 2021 The following is a summary of open-source media reporting on Russia’s presence and activities in Latin America and the Caribbean in May 2021. This is not a complete list of media reports on Russia’s activities in Latin America but are some of the most relevant articles and reports selected by SFS researchers and fellows. The monitor does source a limited amount of media reports from state-owned or -controlled media outlets, which are carefully selected and solely intended to report on news that is not reported on by other media and is relevant for understanding VRIC influence in the region. This report is produced as part of our VRIC Monitor published monthly by the Center for a Secure Free Society (SFS), a non-profit, national security think tank based in Washington D.C. ● According to information circulating on social networks, the leaders Vladimir Putin of Russia and Xi Jinping of China will visit President Nayib Bukele in El Salvador. - Radio YSKL on 21-MAY (content in Spanish) ● State media reports El Salvador is very keen to bolster cooperation with Russia, President Nayib Bukele said during the presentation of the letter of credence ceremony. “We are very enthusiastic about strengthening the relationship with Russia, we are facing a world with new challenges and opportunities, and we want to take advantage of those opportunities,” Bukele told Russian Ambassador Alexander Khokholikov, adding that El Salvador recognizes “the importance of Russia in the world.” - Urdu Point on 20-MAY www.SecureFreeSociety.org © 2021 Center for a Secure Free Society. -
El Salvador's 2019 Elections
CRS INSIGHT El Salvador's 2019 Elections February 6, 2019 (IN11034) | Related Author Clare Ribando Seelke | Clare Ribando Seelke, Specialist in Latin American Affairs ([email protected], 7-5229) On February 3, 2019, Nayib Bukele, a 37-year-old former mayor of San Salvador and candidate of the Grand Alliance of National Unity (GANA) party, won El Salvador's presidential election. Bukele garnered 53% of the vote, well ahead of Carlos Calleja, a business executive running for a conservative National Republican Alliance (ARENA)-led coalition, with 31.8%, and Hugo Mártinez, a former foreign minister of the leftist Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN), with 14.4%. Bukele's first-round victory occurred amid relatively low voter turnout (44.7%) during a peaceful electoral process observed by the Organization of American States and others. Bukele is set to succeed Salvador Sánchez Cerén (FMLN) as president on June 1, 2019, and serve a single, five-year term. Bukele's election ends 10 years of FMLN government. Who Is Nayib Bukele? Nayib Bukele served as mayor of Nuevo Cuscatlán (2012-2015) and San Salvador (2015-2018) for the FMLN. Prior to entering politics, Bukele worked in family businesses started by his late father, a prominent Salvadoran of Palestinian descent who backed the FMLN financially beginning in the early 1990s. Throughout his political career, Bukele has used social media to connect directly with voters, a new phenomenon in Salvadoran politics. As mayor, he revitalized the historic center of San Salvador and engaged at-risk youth in violence-prevention programs. In 2017, the FMLN expelled him for criticizing the party's leadership. -
LATIN AMERICA ADVISOR a DAILY PUBLICATION of the DIALOGUE Thursday, June 27, 2019
LATIN AMERICA ADVISOR A DAILY PUBLICATION OF THE DIALOGUE www.thedialogue.org Thursday, June 27, 2019 BOARD OF ADVISORS FEATURED Q&A TODAY’S NEWS Diego Arria Director, Columbus Group POLITICAL Devry Boughner Vorwerk Is the Movement to Colombia’s Coca Corporate VP, Global Corporate Affairs Cargill Cultivation Falls Joyce Chang Global Head of Research, Oust Venezuela’s for First Time JPMorgan Chase & Co. in Six Years Marlene Fernández Corporate Vice President for Maduro Fading? Colombia’s coca cultivation and Government Relations, cocaine production declined Arcos Dorados slightly last year, marking the first Peter Hakim drop since 2012, according to the President Emeritus, White House Office of National Inter-American Dialogue Drug Control Policy. Donna Hrinak Page 2 President, Boeing Latin America Jon Huenemann Retired VP, U.S. & Int’l Affairs, ECONOMIC Philip Morris International James R. Jones Argentina Posts Chairman, Monarch Global Strategies Trade Surplus of Craig A. Kelly $1.37 Bn for May Director, Americas International Gov’t Relations, Exxon Mobil Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaidó, whom dozens of countries recognize as the coun- The South American country’s try’s legitimate president, called last week for an investigation into graft allegations against John Maisto trade surplus last month was a Director, U.S. Education two of his representatives. // Photo: Facebook page of Juan Guaidó. better figure than analysts had Finance Group Venezuela’s attorney general on June 18 accused opposition been expecting. Nicolás Mariscal Page 2 Chairman, leader Juan Guaidó of leading an alleged scheme in which Grupo Marhnos two of his representatives are accused of misappropriating Thomas F. -
NAYIB ARMANDO BUKELE ORTEZ Presidente De La República De El Salvador
NAYIB ARMANDO BUKELE ORTEZ Presidente de la República de El Salvador Nayib Bukele es un político y empresario que ha generado una transformación positiva en la percepción de los salvadoreños sobre los temas de gobernabilidad y democracia. El 3 de febrero de 2019, ganó con amplia ventaja las elecciones presidenciales de El Salvador, convirtiéndose en el presidente más joven de la historia del país, y en el más joven de toda América Latina. Su contundente victoria presidencial estuvo antecedida por sus dos gestiones como alcalde. La primera de ellas en Nuevo Cuscatlán, un pequeño municipio de La Libertad que adquirió renombre gracias a una nueva forma de gestión pública municipal. La segunda fue en la capital del país, San Salvador, donde también implementó nuevas maneras de desarrollo, de la mano de alianzas público-privadas, que favorecieron a los capitalinos. Su obra más notoria fue la recuperación del corazón del Centro Histórico, un trabajo en el que todos sus antecesores habían fracasado. Datos personales Nayib Armando Bukele Ortez nació el 24 de julio de 1981, en San Salvador. Es hijo de Olga Ortez de Bukele y de Armando Bukele Kattán (n. 1946 – m. 2015), quien fue un importante personaje de la vida empresarial y política salvadoreña, doctor en Química Industrial, físico, historiador, economista, periodista y, sobre todo, autodidacta. Desde muy joven, a Nayib se le reconoció su capacidad intelectual y su ánimo de emprendimiento. Con solo 18 años comenzó a dirigir empresas familiares. Su esposa es Gabriela Rodríguez de Bukele, con quien contrajo matrimonio en diciembre de 2014. Formada académicamente como educadora y psicóloga prenatal, y artísticamente como bailarina de ballet. -
EL SALVADOR 2019 Final Report
European Union Election Observation Mission EL SALVADOR 2019 Final Report [Flag of host Presidential Election 3 February 2019 Table of Contents I. Executive Summary and Priority Recommendations ......................................................................... 1 II. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 4 III. Political Context ................................................................................................................................. 4 IV. Implementation of Previous EOM Recommendations ....................................................................... 5 V. Legal Framework ............................................................................................................................... 6 A. International Principles and Commitments .............................................................................. 6 B. Constitutional Human Rights ................................................................................................... 6 C. Electoral Legislation ................................................................................................................ 7 D. Election System ....................................................................................................................... 7 VI. Election Administration ..................................................................................................................... 8 A. Structure and Composition -
LATIN AMERICA ADVISOR a DAILY PUBLICATION of the DIALOGUE Monday, May 3, 2021
LATIN AMERICA ADVISOR A DAILY PUBLICATION OF THE DIALOGUE www.thedialogue.org Monday, May 3, 2021 BOARD OF ADVISORS FEATURED Q&A TODAY’S NEWS Diego Arria Director, Columbus Group ECONOMIC Devry Boughner Vorwerk What Humanitarian Colombia’s Duque Chief Corporate Affairs Officer, Grubhub Withdraws Tax Joyce Chang Global Head of Research, Needs Are Most Reform Proposal JPMorgan Chase & Co. Colombian President Iván Duque Paula Cifuentes withdrew his government’s tax Director of Economic & Fiscal Affairs, Urgent in Venezuela? reform proposal following violent Latin America & Canada, Philip Morris International protests that left several people Marlene Fernández dead. Corporate Vice President for Page 2 Government Relations, Arcos Dorados (McDonald’s) Peter Hakim BUSINESS President Emeritus, Inter-American Dialogue Venezuela Donna Hrinak Releases Citgo Senior VP, Corporate Affairs, Royal Caribbean Group Executives to Jon E. Huenemann House Arrest Council Member, GLG Inc. Venezuelan authorities have James R. Jones One-third of Venezuelans suffer from food insecurity, according to the United Nations World released to house arrest six Citgo Chairman, Food Program. A grocery store in Venezuela in 2014 is pictured. // File Photo: Wilfredor via executives who were imprisoned Monarch Global Strategies Creative Commons. more than three years ago. Craig A. Kelly The United Nations World Food Program and the government Page 3 Senior Director, Americas Int’l Gov’t Relations, Exxon Mobil of Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro announced April John Maisto 19 that they had reached an agreement to provide food to POLITICAL Director, U.S. Education Finance Group Q 185,000 children this year in the South American country, Salvadoran Nicolás Mariscal where economic collapse has led to a humanitarian crisis. -
Miracle Or Mirage? Gangs and Plunging Violence in El Salvador
Miracle or Mirage? Gangs and Plunging Violence in El Salvador Latin America Report N°81 | 8 July 2020 Headquarters International Crisis Group Avenue Louise 235 • 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 • Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Preventing War. Shaping Peace. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. A Political Tornado ........................................................................................................... 3 III. Back to the Iron Fist? Bukele’s Security Policies ............................................................. 6 A. The Gang Threat ........................................................................................................ 6 B. Traditional Responses and Failed Crackdowns ........................................................ 7 C. The Bukele Government: Innovation and Coercion .................................................. 9 D. Community Action ..................................................................................................... 12 IV. The Political Battleground ................................................................................................ 14 A. Praise and Criticism of Security Policy ...................................................................... 14 B. Increasing Acrimony: -
Northampton Committee News
Northampton Committee News Northampton Committee to Stop the War in Iraq - http://www.northamptoncommittee.org - February 8, 2020 Deported to Death: US Sent domestic abusers. Neither the rightist or leftist governments that have held power since have managed Hundreds of Salvadorans are killed every 138 Salvadorans to Be Killed to change this. month. Murders, disappearances and By Mneesha Gellman, tortures almost always go unsolved in El El Salvador's defense minister recently The Conversation, 2/7/20 Salvador. Criminals, especially those with assessed that there are more gang access to power, are rarely punished for members than soldiers in his country. t least 138 people deported from their wrongdoing. Police in El Salvador are extremely the United States to El Salvador aggressive in pursuing them, and civilians I have documented this culture of impunity since 2013 have been killed, can get caught in the crossfire, Human A across Central America and Mexico, according to a new report by Human Rights Watch finds. Rights Watch, which investigates human focusing on the indigenous people, women rights abuses worldwide. and political dissidents who are so often The resulting dangerous disarray sent victims of political violence. 46,800 residents to seek asylum in the U.S. The 117-page report also says researchers last year. Risking the unknown violence of This violence dates back centuries, to identified at least 70 deportees who were migration over guaranteed violence at Spain's bloody conquest of the Americas. sexually assaulted, tortured or kidnapped. home is, for many Salvadorans, a logical As in the U.S., colonial-era brutality has Many victims were asylum-seekers decision. -
El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras – Regional Response MAY 20, 2021
Fact Sheet #3 Fiscal Year (FY) 2021 El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras – Regional Response MAY 20, 2021 SITUATION AT A GLANCE 30.7 10 7 5.5 1 MILLION MILLION MILLION MILLION MILLION Estimated Total Estimated Number Estimated Number Estimated Number Estimated Number Population of of People in Need of People Impacted of People in Urgent of Asylum Seekers, El Salvador, of Humanitarian by Hurricanes Eta Need of Food IDPs, and Refugees Guatemala, and Assistance and Iota in Guatemala Assistance Displaced in Honduras and Honduras the Region UN – March 2021 UN – April 2021 UN – December 2020 FEWS NET – March 2021 UNHCR– May 2021 Honduras suffered its highest reported death toll from the COVID-19 pandemic between April 28 and May 10, with 656 deaths, according to WHO. UNHCR called on international donors to provide financial support to humanitarian organizations and local governments in response to an estimated 1 million forcibly displaced people in the region. USG partners provide child-friendly spaces and psychosocial support services to children and adolescents in the region affected by violence and displacement. TOTAL U.S. GOVERNMENT HUMANITARIAN FUNDING USAID/BHA1 $125,000,000 For the El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras Regional Response State/PRM2 $69,344,000 in FY 2021 Total $194,344,0003 1USAID’s Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (USAID/BHA) 2 U.S. Department of State’s Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration (State/PRM) 3 Figures include funding for the El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras regional response announced by Vice President Kamala D. Harris on April 26, 2021. Of this amount, USAID/BHA and State/PRM had committed or obligated $70,653,550 and $69,344,000, respectively, as of May 17, 2021. -
RADIOGRAFÍA DE UNA TRANSICIÓN Elecciones De 2021 En El Salvador FRIEDRICH-EBERT-STIFTUNG - RADIOGRAFÍA DE UNA TRANSICIÓN
APUNTES Las elecciones de 2021 consolidan DEMOCRACIA Y DERECHOS HUMANOS un proceso de transición autoritaria que se caracterizó por el ascenso del militarismo, la excepción pandémica, el desplome del sistema de partidos, el vaciamiento de las instituciones y la dominación RADIOGRAFÍA carismática. DE UNA El presidente Bukele impuso una narrativa que centró la campaña en sí mismo. La victo- TRANSICIÓN ria de su proyecto fue avasallado- ra, al tiempo que sus rivales se volvieron irrelevantes. Elecciones de 2021 en El Salvador Esta especie de caudillo podría refundar el Estado pero tiene un punto débil propio de la Danilo Miranda Baires dominación carismática: la de- Marzo 2021 pendencia del movimiento ha- cia su dirigente máximo, una débil institucionalización y una incierta sucesión. DEMOCRACIA Y DERECHOS HUMANOS RADIOGRAFÍA DE UNA TRANSICIÓN Elecciones de 2021 en El Salvador FRIEDRICH-EBERT-STIFTUNG - RADIOGRAFÍA DE UNA TRANSICIÓN Prefacio Las elecciones del 28 de febrero de 2001 marcan el final de Justicia y de titulares para la Fiscalía General de la República y un ciclo político iniciado con los Acuerdos de Paz. Sus la Procuraduría parta la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos. resultados dejan a las fuerzas sociales ganadoras en una También podría abolir las reformas de los Acuerdos de Paz posición tan ventajosa que podrían refundar el Estado -que considera una farsa- y legitimar el papel político de las salvadoreño a su manera en el año en que se cumplen dos Fuerzas Armadas que ya ejerce de facto y quitar el carácter siglos de la independencia centroamericana. Los comicios civil de la policía. Tendría la fuerza para restringir libertades consolidan el capital político del presidente Nayib Bukele y le fundamentales bajo el pretexto de la seguridad nacional y otorgan control de la Asamblea Legislativa con la opción de podría construir un Estado autoritario.