Dynamics of Periodic Impulsive Collision in Escapement Mechanism
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Floating and Platform Balances an Introduction
Floating and Platform Balances An introduction ©Darrah Artzner 3/2018 Floating and Platform Balances • Introduce main types • Discuss each in some detail including part identification and function • Testing and Inspecting • Cleaning tips • Lubrication • Performing repairs Balance Assembly Type Floating Platform Floating Balance Frame Spring stud Helicoid spring Hollow Tube Mounting Post Regulator Balance wheel Floating Balance cont. Jewel Roller Pin Paired weight Hollow Tube Safety Roller Pivot Wire Floating Balance cont. Example Retaining Hermle screws Safety Roller Note: moving fork Jewel cover Floating Balance cont. Inspecting and Testing (Balance assembly is removed from movement) • Inspect pivot (suspension) wire for distortion, corrosion, breakage. • Balance should appear to float between frame. Top and bottom distance. • Balance spring should be proportional and not distorted in any way. • Inspect jewels for cracks and or breakage. • Roller pin should be centered when viewed from front. (beat) • Rotate balance wheel three quarters of a turn (270°) and release. It should rotate smoothly with no distortion and should oscillate for several (3) minutes. Otherwise it needs attention. Floating Balance cont. Cleaning • Make sure the main spring has been let down before working on movement. • Use non-aqueous watch cleaner and/or rinse. • Agitate in cleaner/rinse by hand or briefly in ultrasonic. • Rinse twice and final in naphtha, Coleman fuel (or similar) or alcohol. • Allow to dry. (heat can be used with caution – ask me how I would do it.) Lubrication • There are two opinions. To lube or not to lube. • Place a vary small amount of watch oil on to the upper and lower jewel where the pivot wire passed through the jewel holes. -
Collectable POCKET Watches 1750-1920
cOLLECTABLE POCKET watches 1750-1920 Ian Beilby Clocks Magazine Beginner’s Guide Series No 5 cOLLECTABLE POCKET watches 1750-1920 Ian Beilby Clocks Magazine Beginner’s Guide Series No 5 Published by Splat Publishing Ltd. 141b Lower Granton Road Edinburgh EH5 1EX United Kingdom www.clocksmagazine.com © 2017 Ian Beilby World copyright reserved ISBN: 978-0-9562732-4-6 The right of Ian Beilby to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. 2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 1 Printed by CBF Cheltenham Business Forms Ltd, 67 Hatherley Road, Cheltenham GL51 6EG CONTENTS Introduction 7 Chapter 1. The eighteenth century verge watch 13 Chapter 2. The nineteenth century verge watch 22 Chapter 3. The English cylinder and rack lever watch 36 Chapter 4. The English lever watch 42 Chapter 5. The Swiss lever watch 54 Chapter 6. The American lever watch 62 Chapter 7. The Swiss cylinder ladies’ fob watch 72 Chapter 8. Advice on collecting and maintenance 77 Appendix 1. Glossary 82 Appendix 2. Further reading 86 CLOCKS MAGAZINE BEGINNER’S GUIDE SERIES No. 1. Clock Repair, A Beginner’s Guide No. 2. Beginner’s Guide to Pocket Watches No. 3. American Clocks, An Introduction No. 4. What’s it Worth, Price Guide to Clocks 2014 No. -
The Case of Switzerland and the World Watch Industry *
469 Technological discontinuities and flexible production networks: The case of Switzerland and the world watch industry * Amy Glasmeier tain and augment their competitiveness in a global Unrr~rs~t~of Texas at Austin, Texas, USA economy. On the eve of the electronics revolution, the Swiss watch production system, centered in the mountainous Jura region, was flexible, cost The twentieth-century history of the Swiss watch industry effective, and extremely profitable. Both horizon- illustrates how cultures and industrial production systems ex- tally and vertically disintegrated, the Swiss system perience great difficulty adapting to external change at differ- offered enormous variety while maintaining qual- ent points in time. The current emphasis on production net- ity and timeliness of delivery. “The multiplicity of works - unique reservoirs of potential technological innovation realized through cooperation rather than competition among enterprises, and the competition and emulation firms - lacks a detailed appreciation of historic networks, and that characterized the industry, yielded a product in particular their fragile character in times of economic of superior quality known the world over for high turmoil. While networks can and do promote innovation within fashion, design, and precision” [21, p. 481. an existing technological framework, historical experience sug- Beginning in the 1970s when foreign competi- gests their fragmented, atomistic structure is subject to dis- organization and disintegration during periods of technological tion hurdled technological frontiers in watch change. An exclusive focus on “production” ignores other movements, advancing from mechanical to elec- constraints that are powerful forces governing the reaction tric, electronic, digital and finally quartz technol- abilities of regions. Previous research has largely relied on a ogy, the Jura’s undisputed dominance ended. -
Physics 2305 Lab 11: Torsion Pendulum
Name___________________ ID number_________________________ Date____________________ Lab partner_________________________ Lab CRN________________ Lab instructor_______________________ Physics 2305 Lab 11: Torsion Pendulum Objective 1. To demonstrate that the motion of the torsion pendulum satisfies the simple harmonic form in equation (3) 2. To show that the period (or angular frequency) of the simple harmonic motion of the torsion pendulum is independent of the amplitude of the motion 3. To make measurements to demonstrate the validity of equation (6), which relates the angular frequency of motion to the torsion constant and the moment of inertia of the torsion pendulum Useful background reading Young and Freedman, section 13.1, 13.2, 13.4 (the “angular SHM” section, specifically) Introduction A torsion pendulum is shown schematically to the right. A disk with moment of inertia I0 is fastened near the center of a long straight wire stretched between two fixed mounts. If the disk is rotated through an angle θ and released, the twist in the wire rotates the disk back toward equilibrium. It overshoots and I 0 oscillates back and forth like a pendulum, hence the name. Torsion pendulums are used for the timing element in some θ clocks. The most common variety is a decorative polished brass mechanism under a glass dome. You may have seen one. The balance wheel in an old fashioned mechanical watch is a kind of torsion pendulum, though the restoring force is provided by a flat coiled spring rather than a long twisted wire. Torsion pendulums can be made very accurate and have been used in numerous precision experiments in 1 physics. -
A History of the Citizen Watch Company, from the Pages of Watchtime Magazine
THE WORLD OF FINE WATCHES SPOTLIGHT www.watchtime.com A HISTORY OF THE CITIZEN WATCH COMPANY, FROM THE PAGES OF WATCHTIME MAGAZINE CCIITTIIZZEENN THe HisTory of ciTizen One of the original Citizen pocket watches that went on THE sale in December 1924 CITIZEN WATCH STORY How a Tokyo jeweler’s experiment in making pocket watches 84 years ago led to the creation of a global watch colossus n the 1920s, the young Emperor of Japan, than the imports. To that end, Yamazaki found - Goto. The mayor was a friend of Yamazaki’s. Hirohito, received a gift that reportedly de - ed in 1918 the Shokosha Watch Research Insti - When the fledgling watch manufacturer was I lighted him. The gift was from Kamekichi tute in Tokyo’s Totsuka district. Using Swiss ma - searching for a name for his product, he asked Yamazaki, a Tokyo jeweler, who had an ambi - chinery, Yamazaki and his team began experi - Goto for ideas. Goto suggested Citizen. A tion to manufacture pocket watches in Japan. menting in the production of pocket watches. watch is, to a great extent, a luxury item, he ex - The Japanese watch market at that time By the end of 1924, they began commercial plained, but Yamazaki was aiming to make af - was dominated by foreign makes, primarily production of their first product, the Caliber fordable watches. It was Goto’s hope that every Swiss brands, followed by Americans like 16 pocket watch, which they sold under the citizen would benefit from and enjoy the time - Waltham and Elgin. Yamazaki felt the time brand name Citizen. -
Evolution of Clock Escapement Mechanisms
Miodrag Stoimenov Associate Professor Evolution of Clock Escapement University of Belgrade Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Mechanisms Branislav Popkonstantinović Associate Professor The paper presents and explains the evolution of details design of the clock University of Belgrade escapement mechanisms through the ages. As particularly significant, the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering following mechanisms are emphasized: the crown wheel (verge & foliot), Ljubomir Miladinović anchor recoil, deadbeat and detached escapements, and their variations – Associate Professor gravity and chronometer escapements, as well as the English and Swiss University of Belgrade lever watch escapements. All important geometrical, kinematical and Faculty of Mechanical Engineering dynamical properties and the influence of these properties on the clock Dragan Petrović accuracy are explained. Associate Professor University of Belgrade Keywords: clock, escapement, evolution, mechanism, lever. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering 1. INTRODUCTION oscillator with the restoring force and standardized pace. The crown wheel rate, acted upon by driving torque, is This work is aimed at a qualitative analysis of regulated only by the foliot inertia with a rather advancement in escapement mechanism structural unpredictable error. When the crown wheel is rotating, definition and development of a timepiece over the past the pallet of the verge is caught by one of the wheel’s seven centuries. This study cowers the following issues teeth, rotating the verge and a solid foliot in one a) the crown wheel, the verge and foliot, b) the recoil direction and leading to engagement of the opposite anchor escapement, c) deadbeat escapements, and d) tooth with the second pallet [4]. Due to the foliot inertia, detached escapements. Measure of the effectiveness in that next tooth stops the wheel’s motion, and the wheel the regulator horological properties could be specified with its eigen driving torque finally stops the rotation of as follows: a) the level of constructive and dynamic the foliot too. -
Mini Quartz Clock Movements
Mini Quartz Clock Movements • 10 Year Warranty • Step Second Hand • Dimensions: 2-1/8"W x 2-1/8"H x 5/8"D • Runs on 1 "AA" Size Battery • American "I" Shaft - Diameter 5/16" • Free Set Of Hands and • Front Loading Hanger Mounting Hardware With • Accurate Within 2 Minutes A Year Each Clock Movement • Fits 3" Diameter Hole • Made in USA 1. Drill a 3/8" hole through the material you are working with and insert the movement. 2. Slide brass washer over shaft. 3. Attach dial mounting hex nut. 4. Gently press hour hand onto shaft at 12:00 position. 5. Place minute hand over shaft at 12:00 position. 6. Gently screw minute nut in place. 7. Press on second hand at 12:00 position. 8. Screw on cap nut if no second hand is used. Mini Movements Shaft Length Selecting the Proper Shaft Length Dials B A P r i c e E a c h P e r P k g O f Proper shaft length is important to ensure Stock# up to Thread Total 1 3 10 50 100 sufficient clearance when going through your dial Q-11 1/8" thick 3/16" 17/32" 4.95 4.23 4.45 3.80 4.25 3.63 3.95 3.38 3.75 3.21 board and when using a glass front on your clock. Q-12 1/4" thick 5/16" 5/8" 4.95 4.23 4.45 3.80 4.25 3.63 3.95 3.38 3.75 3.21 Overall Length (A) is measured from the tip of Q-13 3/8" thick 7/16" 3/4" 4.95 4.See23 4.4 website5 3.80 4.25 3for.63 3current.95 3.38 3.75 3.21 the hand shaft to the movement cast. -
SETTING up and MOVING a PENDULUM CLOCK by Brian Loomes, UK
SETTING UP AND MOVING A PENDULUM CLOCK by Brian Loomes, UK oving a pendulum This problem may face clock with anchor the novice in two different Mescapement can ways. Firstly as a clock be difficult unless you have that runs well in its present a little guidance. Of all position but that you need these the longcase clock to move. Or as a clock is trickiest because the that is new to you and that long pendulum calls for you need to assemble greater care at setting it in and set going for the very balance, usually known as first time—such as one you have just inherited or bought at auction. If it is the first of these then you can attempt to ignore my notes about levelling. But floors in different rooms or different houses seldom agree Figure 1. When moving an on levels, and you may eight-day longcase clock you eventually have to follow need to hold the weight lines through the whole process in place by taping round the of setting the clock level accessible part of the barrel. In and in beat. a complicated musical clock, Sometimes you can such as this by Thomas Lister of persuade a clock to run by Halifax, it is vital. having it at a silly angle, or by pushing old pennies or wooden wedges under the seatboard. But this is hardly ideal and next time you move the clock you start with the same performance all over again. setting it ‘in beat’. These My suggestion is that you notes deal principally with bite the bullet right away longcase clocks. -
Checking for Proper Drop/Lock in the Swiss Lever Escapement
w I • w <( LLJ 0 z c 1- m ~ :::J LLI Ul 11. ~ 1- ::J ::J z 0 <( [J I z 0 w :::: w 0:: w c:: w I I l.L f- m LLI 1- w 0 z I J: z 0:: 1- 1- 0 o_ 0 HoROLOGICAL'" HoROLOGICALTM TIMES Official Publication of the American Watchmakers-Ciockmakers Institute TIMES EDITORIAL & EXECUTIVE OFFICES VOLUME 31, NUMBER 4, APRIL 2007 American Watchmakers-Ciockmakers Institute (AWCI) 701 Enterprise Drive, Harrison, OH 45030 Phone: Toll Free 1-866-FOR-AWCI (367-2924) or (513)367-9800 FEATURE ARTICLES Fax: (513)367-1414 E-mail: [email protected] 6 Patek Philippe 10-Day Tourbillon, By Ron DeCorte Website: www.awci.com 16 Checking for Proper Drop/Lock in the Swiss Lever Office Hours: Monday-Friday 8:00AM to 5:00 PM (EST) Escapement, By John Davis Closed National Holidays 22 ETACHRON, Part 2, By Manuel Yazijian Donna K. Baas: Managing Editor, Advertising Manager Katherine J. Ortt: Associate Editor, Layout/Design Associate DEPARTMENTS James E. Lubic, CMW: Executive Director Education &Technical Director 2 President's Message, By Dennis Warner Lucy Fuleki: Assistant Executive Director Thomas J. Pack, CPA: Finance Director 2 Executive Director's Message, By James E. Lubic Laurie Penman: Clock Instructor 4 Questions & Answers, By David A. Christianson Manuel Yazijian, CMW: Watchmaking Instructor Certification Coordinator 26 From the Workshop, By Jack Kurdzionak Nancy L. Wellmann: Education Coordinator Sharon McManus: Membership Coordinator 31 AWCI Material Search Heather Weaver: Receptionist/Secretary 32 Affiliate Chapter Report, By Wes Cutter Jim Meyer: IT Director 35 AWCI New Members HOROLOG/CAL TIMES ADVISORY COMMITTEE Ron Iverson, CMC: Chairman 39 Bulletin Board Karel Ebenstreit, CMW 42 Industry News Jeffrey Hess Chip Lim, CMW, CMC, CMEW 44 Classified Advertising E-mail: [email protected] 48 Advertisers' Index AWCI OFFICERS Dennis J. -
Mechanical Parts of Clocks Or Watches in General
G04B CPC COOPERATIVE PATENT CLASSIFICATION G PHYSICS (NOTES omitted) INSTRUMENTS G04 HOROLOGY G04B MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS (spring- or weight-driven mechanisms in general F03G; electromechanical clocks or watches G04C; electromechanical clocks with attached or built- in means operating any device at pre-selected times or after predetermined time intervals G04C 23/00; clocks or watches with stop devices G04F 7/08) NOTE This subclass covers mechanically-driven clocks or clockwork calendars, and the mechanical part of such clocks or calendars. WARNING In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme. Driving mechanisms 1/145 . {Composition and manufacture of the springs (compositions and manufacture of 1/00 Driving mechanisms {(driving mechanisms for components, wheels, spindles, pivots, or the Turkish time G04B 19/22; driving mechanisms like G04B 13/026; compositions of component in the hands G04B 45/043; driving mechanisms escapements G04B 15/14; composition and for phonographic apparatus G11B 19/00; springs, manufacture or hairsprings G04B 17/066; driving weight engines F03G; driving mechanisms compensation for the effects of variations of for cinematography G03B 1/00; driving mechnisms; temperature of springs using alloys, especially driving mechanisms for time fuses for missiles F42C; for hairsprings G04B 17/227; materials for driving mechnisms for toys A63H 29/00)} bearings of clockworks G04B 31/00; iron and 1/02 . with driving weight steel alloys C22C; heat treatment and chemical 1/04 . -
History of Escapement Mechanisms
Journal of Mechatronics, Automation and Identification Technology Vol. 3, No.2. pp. 8-12 History of Escapement Mechanisms Miša Stojićević, Branislav Popkonstantinović, Ljubomir Miladinović, Ivana Cvetković Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia Innovation Centre of the Mechanical Faculty Belgrade, Serbia [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract—This paper describes a history of development one of the most important part of mechanical clock – escapement mechanism. Escapement mechanism is a device designed to maintain a constant average speed of the escape wheel, by allowing it to rotate to the desired angle at certain impulse of time. While doing that it simultaneously support the oscillations of the pendulum or balance spring, by compensating for friction losses and air resistance. 7 century long history of escapement mechanisms, from 13th century verge mechanism up to modern-day escapements that can be found in luxury watches, will be shortly presented. Through lives of famous clockmakers and their achievements in field of making escapement mechanism will be given a new insight in science of time keeping - horology. Keywords— escapement, mechanism, history, watches, clock I. INTRODUCTION Fig. 1 Verge escapement The escapement mechanism is a key part of every However, the late middle Ages also recorded the mechanical clock, because it maintains and counts appearance of hand and pocket watchmakers. The first oscillations of the oscillator and thus measures the flow portable timer, the so-called. The Nuremberg egg (Fig. 2), of time. It can be also said that escapement is a device which could be worn in a pocket or purse (Ger.: that transfers energy to the timekeeping element (the taschenuhr), was constructed in Nuremberg by "impulse action") and allows the number of its watchmaker Peter Henlein, (1485-1542) oscillations to be counted (the "locking action"). -
This Is Part 1 of 2 on Servicing the 400-Day (Anniversary) Clock
1 This is part 1 of 2 on servicing the 400-day (Anniversary) clock. This article will be a 2-part series devoted to the servicing of the 400-day or Anniversary clock by Michael P. Murray. Mike was AWI’s 400-day clock repair bench course Instructor. The 400-day course is a 2-day “hands on” affair with the students working on the clock that they bring and Mike can accommodate anywhere from 8 to 16 students. For more information about Mike please see his Website at: http://www.atmosman.com/400dayin.html . This article is copyrighted to the author and references. Members, In my initial series on the 400-day clock, we will cover final assembly right through final timing. My assumption is that we all know the basics but it’s the last seemingly basis steps where most of the troubles occur when servicing this slightly temperamental timepiece. My goal in writing these articles is to get you past many of the pitfalls and erroneous assumptions. There are no real “secrets” and I hope to enable anyone who reads this by dispelling any fears or myths. So if you’re not currently servicing the 400-day, I urge you to give them another try. Series Assumptions A quick mention of what I expect as the “basis”. You’re checked for and corrected any pivot, tooth, or gear depthing problems (depthing problems are extremely rare), used a mainspring winder to remove and install the mainspring, cleaned and lubricated same, pegged all pivot holes, polished all pivots and pivot shoulders, polished the anchor pin and the inside of the fork tines, and cleaned all parts.