Exotic Forest Trees in Great Britain

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Exotic Forest Trees in Great Britain FORESTRY COMMISSION BULLETIN No. 30 Exotic Forest Trees in Great Britain Paper prepared for the British Commonwealth Forestry Conference Australia and New Zealand 1957 LONDON: HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE PRICE 17s. 6d. NET Forestry Commission ARCHIVE FORESTRY COMMISSION BULLETIN NO. 30 FORESTRY COMMISSION — BULLETIN No. 30 EXOTIC FOREST TREES in GREAT BRITAIN ERRATA Page 5. Second column, penultimate paragraph : For: “Quercus ilex” read: “Quercus cerris” P age 25. First column, last paragraph, fourth line from fo ot : For: “pseudofibrous” read: “fibrous” As above but third line from foot : For: “fibrous” read: “pseudofibrous” LONDON: HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE 1957 FORESTRY COMMISSION BULLETIN NO. 30 EXOTIC FOREST TREES IN GREAT BRITAIN Paper prepared for the Seventh British Commonwealth Forestry Conference, Australia and New Zealand, 1957 Edited by James M a c d o n a l d , R. F. W o o d , M. V. E d w a r d s , and J. R. A ldhous Forestry Commission LONDON: HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE 1957 FOREWORD The Sixth Commonwealth Forestry Conference, at to do so with the information at our dis­ its meeting in Canada in 1952, accepted a recommen­ posal ; but there is, inevitably, some unevenness in dation made by its Committee on Forest Manage­ the treatment of species in this class. As for the ment, Silviculture and Forest Protection which was others, we have given separate notes on those exotic expressed in the following words: trees which have been tried occasionally in small ‘ A detailed account of the use of exotic plots or plantations and of which we have a record, species in the Commonwealth, based partly on but we are conscious that this method of procedure information supplied to the Third British Empire has led to the inclusion of some trees of no con­ Conference, was given by the late Professor sequence at all, solely because someone has planted R.S. Troup in his book Exotic Forest Trees in the them on a small scale, and the exclusion of others British Empire (1932). Much experience has been which may actually be common in the country as gained since that date and it is recommended ornamental trees, and the possibilities of which that the Standing Committee should arrange for may be greater. We have tried to preserve an even its collection in a standardised form for presen­ balance and to give most space to the trees which tation to the next Commonwealth Forestry Con­ deserve it and in this we think we have been success­ ference.’ ful. We must, however, draw attention to the account The Standing Committee appointed a small sub­ of the genus Eucalyptus, a genus of great horticul­ committee, under the Chairmanship of Mr. M. V. tural and silvicultural interest, but at the same time Laurie, to give effect to this recommendation, and of no forest importance here. It has been given much this sub-C om m ittee drew up a stan d ard form (see A p­ more space than it deserves if it is regarded as a pendix, page 166) for the submission of information, forest tree in Great Britain, but we felt that, in view of which they sent to each Forest Department in the its world-wide importance, it might be of importance British Commonwealth, pointing out that the Sixth to foresters in other countries to know how different Commonwealth Conference had resolved that the species of Eucalyptus have behaved in conditions information on exotics, for which they were asking, which are extremely difficult for them. In dealing should be presented to the Seventh Conference in with the awkward subject of nomenclature we have Australia in 1957. followed Rehder in his Manual o f Cultivated Trees This publication is the response of Great Britain to and Shrubs, and where this has led us to employ a the request of the Commonwealth Conference. botanical name not in common use, the customary Necessarily, it is a long document. The introduction name is given as well. of alien trees has been going on for several centuries, In compiling this report we have received help and the climate of the British Isles permits the culti­ from many of our colleagues. Mr. G. G. Stewart, vation of a very large number of exotics from all Mr. R. Faulkner, Mr. R. Lines and Mr. T. R. Peace parts of the world, some of which have succeeded so have all written sections on genera and species. Mr. well that they have become the staple species in Peace has also provided much information on dis­ British forestry. For this reason, it was thought that eases and general pathology, while Dr. M. Crooke this report might be of general interest, and the has contributed the information which is given on Forestry Commission has therefore decided to make insect pests. Data on production and rates of growth it available to the public as one of their series of have been provided by Dr. F. C. Hummel and on Bulletins. dimensions of individual specimen trees by Mr. A. F. In preparing this report, we have followed gener­ Mitchell. Mr. J. D. Matthews has helped us by giving ally the form prescribed by the Standing Committee information about seed production and vegetative of the Conference in dealing with the most impor­ propagation, while we have depended on Mr. E. G. tant exotic trees in use in this country at the present Richards and Mr. J. R. Aaron for assistance in pre­ day, although we have modified it slightly here and paring the sections on timber and utilisation. Others there as circumstances demanded. For trees of our colleagues have also helped us in numerous which are used to some extent in the forest ways including Mr. G. D. Kitchingman, the but are of minor importance, we have followed Librarian, who has provided literature references. the standard form as far as it was possible Mr. H. L. Edlin has dealt with the report in its iii final stages and has seen it through the press. Thanks are also due to the many landowners who For permission to reproduce the diagrams in have given facilities for the measurement and record­ Chapter 2 we are indebted to Messrs. S. Gregory ing of their specimen trees and plantations and to (Fig. 4), and H. L. Penman (Fig. 6) and the Meteoro­ those who have made available to us their own logical Office (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8). The Meteoro­ records of outstanding trees. logical Office and Mr. E. G. Bilham have also kindly agreed to the reproduction of the data in Tables 2, 3 J a m e s M a c d o n a l d and 4. R . F . W o o d M . V . E d w a r d s FORESTRY COMMISSION, J . R . A l d h o u s 25, Savile Row, London, W .l. April, 1957 CONTENTS Page Page PART 1: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS C u p re ssu s.... 5 4 AFFECTING EXOTIC FOREST TREES funebris 5 4 goveniana 5 4 IN GREAT BRITAIN m acrocarpa .... 5 4 C h a p t e r 1 . T h e P l a c e o f E x o t ic T r e e s i n sempervirens 5 6 B r i t is h S ilviculture . .. 1 D acrydium 5 6 Fitzroya cupressoides 5 6 C h a p t e r 2 . C l im a t e o f G r e a t B r i t a i n 6 Ginkgo biloba 5 6 C h a p t e r 3 . S o il s .... .... 24 Glyptostrobus pensilis 57 Juniperus .... 5 7 C h a p t e r 4 . T e c h n i q u e s o f E stablishment K e te le e ria .... 5 7 a n d T e n d i n g ........................................................... 2 7 L arix 5 7 decidua 5 8 PART D: EXOTIC CONIFEROUS TREES eurolepis 6 6 IN GREAT BRITAIN gmelini 6 8 A bies 31 griffithii 6 8 alba .... .... 3 2 laricina 6 8 am abilis .... 35 leptolepis 6 9 balsam ea 3 5 occidentalis .... 7 3 cephalonica .... 35 p endula 7 3 concolor 3 5 potaninii 7 3 grandis 3 6 sibirica 7 3 lasiocarpa 3 9 L ibocedrus 7 5 m agnifica 3 9 chilensis 7 5 nobilis (procera) 3 9 decurrens 7 5 nordmanniana 4 2 tetrag o n a ................. 7 5 pinsapo 4 3 Metasequoia glyptostroboides 7 5 veitchii 4 3 Picea ............................... 7 6 A gathis 4 4 abies (excelsa) 7 6 A raucaria .... 4 4 asperata 81 arau can a 4 4 bicolor 81 A throtaxis 4 6 engelm anni 81 C allitris 4 6 glauca 81 C edrus 4 6 glehnii 8 2 atlantica 4 6 jezoensis 8 2 d eodara 4 6 koyam ai 8 2 libani 4 7 likiangensis 8 2 C ham aecyparis .... 4 7 m arian a 8 2 law soniana .... 4 7 obovata 8 2 nootkatensis 5 0 om orika 8 2 obtusa 51 orientalis 8 4 pisifera 51 rubens 8 5 thyoides 51 schrenkiana .... 85 Cryptomeria 5 2 sitchensis 85 jap o n ica ................. 5 2 sm ithiana 91 Cunninghamia lanceolata 5 3 spinulosa 91 C upressocyparis .... 5 3 Pinus 9 2 leylandii 5 3 banksiana 9 4 v Page Page co n to rta 94 cordata .... 144 griffithii (excelsa) 100 incana .... 144 m onticola .... 100 ru b ra .... .... 145 m ugo .... 100 B etula .... 146 nigra ................. .... 101 erm ani .... 146 nigra var.
Recommended publications
  • Mountains and the People Project Delivers
    Spring/Summer 2019 | No. 23 The The magazine of the Friends of Loch Lomond and the Trossachs Mountains and the People Project Delivers ALSO INSIDE Park News, Friends Updates, Mountains and the People, Events, Nature of the Park and more THIS ISSUE: TheVoiceSpring2019V1.indd 1 17/03/2019 19:39 ENJOY FRESH LOCAL PRODUCE Join us for seasonal menus with locally sourced ingredients, The finest Scottish seafood, served alongside a splendid a fantastic wine list and hand-pulled craft ales. wine list created by expert Matthew Jukes. 01436 860420 lochlomondarmshotel.com 01436 860420 luss-seafoodbar.com LOCH LOMOND ARMS HOTEL MAIN ROAD LUSS G83 8NY LUSS SEAFOOD BAR PIER ROAD LUSS SCOTLAND G83 8NY Traffic Design Consultants Email: [email protected] 1048 Govan Road, Web: www.traffic-design.co.uk Glasgow, G51 4XS Co. No. SC 210509 Tel: 0141 445 2174 VAT No. 829 372796 Loch Lomond Adventures Logo concepts - Logo option 4 - colour Suggestion for how colours could look. Subtle colours. 5* holiday park on the shores of Loch Lomond Book your adventure now at inverbeg.com T. 01436 860 267 [email protected] Join us on a BIKES GUIDED WALKS magical adventure through KAYAK & CANOE BOAT TICKETS the beautiful woodlands SPEEDBOAT CANYONING around Luss Village WATERSPORTS 4x4 ADVENTURE LOCH LOMOND FAERIE TRAIL, LUSS, G83 8PA LUSS CARPARK www.lochlomondfaerietrail.com WWW.LOCHLOMONDADVENTURES.COM 2 The Voice - Spring/Summer 2019 TheVoiceSpring2019V1.indd 2 17/03/2019 19:39 Chairman’s Introduction WELCOME TO THIS SPRING EDITION OF VOICE, which features interesting articles about different aspects of the Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park and news on recent activities of the Friends and others working to make the Park a better place for people and nature.
    [Show full text]
  • Weekly List 6 2016
    Weekly Planning Schedule Week Commencing: 8 February 2016 Week Number: 6 CONTENTS 1 Valid Planning Applications Received 2 Delegated Officer Decisions 3 Committee Decisions 4 Planning Appeals 5 Enforcement Matters 6 The Forestry Commission Public Register of New Planting and Felling Applications 7 Forestry Commission Register of EIA Determinations 8 Land Reform (Scotland) Act Section 11 Access Exemption Applications 9 Other Planning Issues Please Note Due to scheduled system upgrade works our online planning system will be offline from Monday 8th February until Friday 19th February. If you need to view documents or submit comments during this time, then please contact our Planning Information Manager tel: 01389 722024 or email: [email protected]. We apologise for any inconvenience caused during this work. National Park Authority Planning Staff If you have enquiries about new applications or recent decisions made by the National Park Authority you should contact the relevant member of staff as shown below. If they are not available, you may wish to leave a voice mail message or contact our Planning Information Manager on 01389 722024. Telephone Telephone PLANNING SERVICES DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT (01389) (01389) Head of Planning and Rural Development & Implementation Development Manager Stuart Mearns 727760 Bob Cook 722631 Planners-Development Management Catherine Stewart (Tues, Wed, Thurs am. 727731 Fri am.) Craig Jardine (Mon - Thurs) 722020 Erin Goldie (Mon, Thurs, Fri) 722137 FORWARD PLANNING Vivien Emery (Mon - Wed) 722619
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Action Plan 2008-2011
    1 1 0 2 - 8 0 0 2 NATIONAL PARK BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 2008-2011 FOREWORD Hello, this Biodiversity Action Plan is fundamental to the National Park making a difference to our environment. This Plan is a core part of delivering on the Scottish Government’s strategic priorities for the nation, in particular the commitment to a Greener Scotland, and on our own National Park Plan 2007-2012. Our ambition is that the Loch Lomond & The Trossachs National Park will be seen as the location of choice for leading edge work to conserve and enhance Scotland’s biodiversity. In the coming years the Park Authority and our partners will actively pursue landscape-scale restoration of active floodplain wetlands, extensive native woodlands and widespread control of damaging invasive species. We will also model and demonstrate the effects of climate change on the natural environment in a way that everyone can relate to. With hard work and good will on the part of land owners, community groups, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and government agencies, nature conservation can be accomplished here on a grand scale. The forestry re-structuring on east Loch Lomondside and The Great Trossachs Forest projects are already set to give us the largest native broadleaved woodland in Scotland. We need similarly ambitious work to retain and enhance the diversity of our farmland as well as our lochs and rivers and the marine coast of the National Park. In this period of great economic changes affecting upland farming, it is important to recognise that the valued biodiversity of the National Park has been greatly shaped by traditional use of the land for food production from agriculture and field sports.
    [Show full text]
  • Scotland) Act Section 11 Access Exemption Applications
    Weekly Planning Schedule Week Commencing: Weeks commencing 19 and 26 December 2016 Week Number: 51 and 52 CONTENTS 1 Valid Planning Applications Received 2 Delegated Officer Decisions 3 Committee Decisions 4 Planning Appeals 5 Enforcement Matters 6 The Forestry Commission Public Register of New Planting and Felling Applications 7 Forestry Commission Register of EIA Determinations 8 Land Reform (Scotland) Act Section 11 Access Exemption Applications 9 Other Planning Issues National Park Authority Planning Staff If you have enquiries about new applications or recent decisions made by the National Park Authority you should contact the relevant member of staff as shown below. If they are not available, you may wish to leave a voice mail message or contact our Planning Information Manager on 01389 722024. Telephone Telephone PLANNING SERVICES DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT (01389) (01389) Head of Planning and Rural Development & Implementation Development Manager Stuart Mearns 727760 Bob Cook 722631 Performance and Support Manager Erin Goldie 722137 (Mon, Tues am, Wed am, Thu, Fri) Planners - Development Management DEVELOPMENT PLANNING Catherine Stewart (Tues, Wed, Thurs 727731 am. Fri am.) Development Planning and Craig Jardine (Mon - Thurs) 722020 Communities Manager Vivien Emery (Mon - Wed) 722619 Susan Brooks 722615 Julie Gray 727753 Planners - Development Planning Sue Laverge 722628 Hugh Killen 727705 Kirsty Sweeney (Mon, Tues, Wed, Fri) 722622 Built Environment Advisor Planning Assistant Nicola Arnott 722661 Planning Support Planning Information
    [Show full text]
  • The Local Landscape Landscape Character Reach No 11: SYON
    154 Thames Landscape Strategy: The Local Landscape Landscape Character Reach No 11: SYON LANDSCAPE CHARACTER The Syon Reach is bordered by two of the most significant designed landscapes in Britain. Royal patronage at Richmond and Kew inspired some of the initial influential works of Bridgeman, Kent and Chambers. The current layouts of Syon and the Royal Botanic Gardens are still basically the work of Lancelot Brown and William Nesfield. Syon Park is still essentially a Capability Brown landscape. The ha-ha, water meadows and tree clumps survive, though advancing willow and poplar scrub growth have merged the clumps, obliterated much of the meadow and blocked views to the river. An aerial photograph from as recently as the 1920s shows the 18th-century landscape intact. The imposing house, with the lion The Nesfield Avenues in the Royal Botanic The Nesfield Avenues in the Royal Botanic silhouetted on the roof, is now only revealed by a single narrowing window Gardens, Kew focus onto the Syon vista. This 1920s photo shows the traditional through the scrub. The channels of the water meadow have become blocked management of Syon Park, maintaining the open and the clay land drains are steadily eroding away into the Thames. tide meadow and Capability Brown tree clumps The Countryside Commission, English Nature and English Heritage are currently working with Syon Park to re-instate the tide meadow, the Capability Brown clumps and the visual connections to Kew and the river. Syon Park Limited has commissioned a landscape masterplan to advise on the management of the historic landscape and the layout and organisation of visitor facilities, parking and public access.
    [Show full text]
  • COWAL Sustainable, Unsustainable and Historic Walks and Cycling in Cowal
    SEDA Presents PENINSULA EXPEDITION: COWAL Sustainable, Unsustainable and Historic walks and cycling in Cowal S S R Road to Inverarary and Achadunan F * * Q G D Kayak through the * Crinnan Canal E P N B K A C Kayak to Helensburgh O * * * Z L Dunoon T Map J Train to Glasgow Central U X I H V M W Y To Clonaig / Lochranza Ferry sponsored by the Glasgow Institute Argyll Sea Kayak Trail of Architects 3 ferries cycle challenge Cycle routes around Dunoon 5 ferries cycle challenge Cycle routes NW Cowal Cowal Churches Together Energy Project and Faith in Cowal Many roads are steep and/or single * tracked, the most difcult are highlighted thus however others Argyll and Bute Forrest exist and care is required. SEDA Presents PENINSULA EXPEDITION: COWAL Sustainable, Unsustainable and Historic walks and cycling in Cowal Argyll Mausoleum - When Sir Duncan Campbell died the tradition of burying Campbell Clan chiefs and the Dukes of Argyll at Kilmun commenced, there are now a total of twenty Locations generations buried over a period of 500 years. The current mausoleum was originally built North Dunoon Cycle Northern Loop in the 1790s with its slate roof replaced with a large cast iron dome at a later date. The A - Benmore Botanic Gardens N - Glendaruel (Kilmodan) mausoleum was completely refur-bished in the late 1890s by the Marquis of Lorne or John B - Puck’s Glen O - Kilfinan Church George Edward Henry Douglas Sutherland Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll. Recently the C - Kilmun Mausoleum, Chapel, P - Otter Ferry mausoleum has again been refurbished incorporating a visitors centre where the general Arboreum and Sustainable Housing Q - Inver Cottage public can discover more about the mausoleums fascinating history.
    [Show full text]
  • Landscape Capacity Study
    National Park Trees & Woodland Strategy Landscape Capacity Study 2019 – 2039 Landscape Capacity Study for Trees and Woodland | FINAL REPORT Report prepared by: In partnership with: Douglas Harman Landscape Planning Loch Lomond & Trossachs National Park Authority 37 Argyle Court Carrochan 1103 Argyle Street 20 Carrochan Road Glasgow Balloch G3 8ND G83 8EG t: 0131 553 9397 t: 01389 722600 email: [email protected] email: [email protected] web: www.douglasharman.co.uk web: www.lochlomond-trossachs.org All maps reproduced by permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of HMSO © Crown copyright and database right 2019. All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey Licence number 100031883. Page | 2 Landscape Capacity Study for Trees and Woodland | FINAL REPORT Contents Introduction Page 4 Methodology Page 5 Overview of Landscape Zones Page 7 Landscape Zones Zone A Page 8 Zone B Page 31 Zone C Page 45 Zone D Page 64 Zone E Page 80 Zone F Page 92 Zone G Page 109 Zone H Page 128 Zone I Page 142 Zone J Page 160 Appendix I: Field survey template Page 175 Page | 3 Landscape Capacity Study for Trees and Woodland | FINAL REPORT 1. Introduction 1.6 Assessing landscape sensitivity requires professional judgement about the degree to which Context the landscape in question is robust, in that it is able to accommodate change without adverse 1.1 As one of Scotland’s finest landscapes, the aims1 of the Loch Lomond & The Trossachs impacts on character and qualities. This involves making decisions about whether or not National Park designation are: significant characteristic elements of a landscape will be liable to loss or enhancement, and a) to conserve and enhance the natural and cultural heritage of the area; whether important aesthetic aspects of character will be liable to change.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Housing and Population Main Issues Report - Background Evidence 1
    Supporting Information Cairngorms National Park Local Development Plan Main Issues Report - Background Evidence 1. Housing and Population Main Issues Report - Background Evidence 1. Housing and Population This is one of five Background Evidence Reports that have informed the Cairngorms National Park Main Issues Report. These reports look at: 1 Housing and population – sets out the rationale for the new housing requirements identified in the Main Issues Report. It looks at how the population of the Park is expected to change and considers the impact this may have on the future number and types of households in the Park. It also summarises the Housing Need Demand Assessments produced by the Local Housing Authorities and identifies the housing land supply. 2 The economy – sets out the rationale for the new employment land identified in the LDP. It looks at the evidence which exists, the demand information gathered as part of a study commissioned to support the LDP and any available information published by the Local Authorities. 3 Monitoring report – an assessment of progress on the implementation of the adopted Local Plan (October 2010). 4 Other information – summary of other information which has informed the development of the Main Issues Report. 5 Site analysis – an assessment of potential development sites submitted by landowners, developers and agents as part of the CNPA ‘Call for Sites’ process. These reports set out the rationale for the approach taken in the Main Issues Report on the various topics. They provide detail not contained within the Main Issues Report, and should be read together with the Main Issues Report to get a full picture.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Area Study Kew Road No.55, Kew Gardens No.15 & Lawn Crescent No.20
    LONDON BOROUGH OF RICHMOND UPON THAMES Conservation Area Study Kew Road no.55, Kew Gardens no.15 & Lawn Crescent no.20 Conservation areas were introduced in the Civic Amenities Act 1967 and are defined as areas of ' special architectural or historic interest, the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance'. Designation introduces a general control over the demolition of unlisted buildings and the felling or lopping of trees above a certain size. The objective of a conservation area study is to provide a clearly defined analysis of the character and appearance of the conservation area, defensible on appeal, to assist in development control decisions. Further, to address issues, which have been identified in the character appraisal process, for the enhancement or preservation of the conservation area. It is hoped that the process of the study and the finished document will stimulate public participation. Kew There are three distinct regions within Kew. The first, around the Green, relates to the River and quay. The second, which includes most of the Botanic Gardens and all the land east towards the railway, was seen as north Richmond until the 1890s. The third area, between the railway and the Lower Mortlake Road, was until recently seen as part of Mortlake. The study of the first area is covered by the Kew Green Conservation Area Study. The second area is covered, in four parts, by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Conservation Area and by the Kew Road, Kew Gardens and Lawn Crescent Conservation Area Studies. The Kew Foot Road and Sheendale Road Conservation Areas are the subject of a further study.
    [Show full text]
  • BOTANIC GARDEN CREATION and MANAGEMENT: the FEASIBILITY and DESIGN of NEW BRITISH COLLECTIONS [On-Line Edition]
    BOTANIC GARDEN CREATION AND MANAGEMENT: THE FEASIBILITY AND DESIGN OF NEW BRITISH COLLECTIONS [On-line Edition] PhD Thesis University of Reading School of Plant Sciences James Furse-Roberts [email protected] June 2005 Abstract Introduction Chapter 1 - Overview of Botanic Gardens Chapter 2 - Survey of British Botanical Collections Chapter 3 - Case Studies of Selected Botanic Collections Chapter 4 - Discussion of Botanic Collections Elements Chapter 5 - Design & Interpretation Chapter 6 - Eden Project Case Study Chapter 7 - Market Research Chapter 8 - Carymoor Case Study Chapter 9 - Alternative Solutions Chapter 10 - Conclusion Bibliography Appendix Botanic Garden Creation & Management Chapter 3 1 2 3 Case Studies of Selected Botanic Collections The previous chapter concluded by outlining the characteristics of the nine types of collection identified by the results of the botanical collections survey and identified three methods by which the collections in these groups obtain the majority of their funding (1 - government or local council, 2 - affiliated organisation, 3 - visitor admissions or sales). This chapter will examine the hypothesis that a collection’s history and its method of funding affect its character and roles. 3.1 Methodology The information included in the case studies of the ten botanical collections covered in this chapter was compiled from a variety of sources. These include the information gathered through the botanical collections survey (chapter 2), written material, including that on the organisations own website, and interviews with present or past members of staff. When possible, interviews took place at the interviewee’s place of work and, on average, lasted for one hour. They were conducted using what Robson (2002) defines as the ‘unstructured interview’ technique.
    [Show full text]
  • Plants and the Paranormal
    University of Northern Iowa UNI ScholarWorks CSBS INSPIRE Student Research & Engagement 2020 INSPIRE Student Research & Engagement Conference Showcase Apr 17th, 12:00 PM - 4:00 PM Plants and the Paranormal Natalie Aird University of Northern Iowa Ellie Wigginton University of Northern Iowa Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©2020 Natalie Aird Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/csbsresearchconf Recommended Citation Aird, Natalie and Wigginton, Ellie, "Plants and the Paranormal" (2020). CSBS INSPIRE Student Research & Engagement Conference. 20. https://scholarworks.uni.edu/csbsresearchconf/2020/all/20 This Open Access Poster Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences/Events at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in CSBS INSPIRE Student Research & Engagement Conference by an authorized administrator of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. KEW GARDENS, LONDON, ENGLAND NATALIE AIRD -AND- ELLIE WIGGINTON BRIEF HISTORY SUPERNATURAL OCCURRENCES ALIENS AT KEW OUR TIME AT KEW GARDENS Kew Gardens is located in the borough Richmond upon Thames. According to an article on Kew’s website, there are several In 2002, a giant crop circle in the center of a wheatfield We visited Kew Gardens on Sunday, June 16th. Fortunately, we The site was originally a royal estate acquired by Frederick Louis, supernatural things that have happened at the Royal Botanic appeared. It was perfectly symmetrical and roughly 60 feet wide were able to enjoy a sunny day at Kew! Our first stop was the Prince of Wales, in 1731. His wife, Princess Augusta established Gardens.
    [Show full text]
  • Loch Lomond & Cowal
    Loch Lomond & Cowal Way app and guide book How to get to the Loch Lomond & Cowal Way LOCH LOMOND Though the Loch Lomond & Cowal Way is fully waymarked, users may By road there are two main routes to the path. From Glasgow/ wish to download the free app, or purchase the guide book, to add central belt of Scotland take the M8 towards Greenock and & COWAL WAY value to your adventure. The mobile app is free to download. Check continue to drive to Gourock. There is a car ferry called Western Scotland in 57 miles www.lochlomondandcowalway.org for details. The app will show your Ferries (distinctive red ferries) and this regular 20 minute sea position on the path, using a map-based system with GPS. Additional journey will take you to Dunoon. From Dunoon drive to Portavadie information includes an overview of the path in manageable sections, which is approximately 40 minutes by car. Alternatively, if you some key attractions and images supported with text and audio, want to start the walk at Inveruglas, drive along Loch Lomond on and much more. Our detailed guide book, available to purchase from the A82, Inveruglas is less than one hour from Glasgow. Rucksack Readers at www.rucsacs.com/book/loch-lomond-cowal- If you wish to travel by public transport, there is a Citylink bus way, provides readers with a wealth of information, including detailed from Glasgow Buchanan Street Bus Station (Fort William/Skye analysis of the path, easy-to-use maps, local heritage and wildlife, service) to Sloy next to Inveruglas, which takes approximately transport links, and much, much more.
    [Show full text]