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Archaos ou les mots étincelants: Langages de l'utopie dans l'oeuvre de Christiane Rochefort. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Constant, Isabelle. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 06/10/2021 03:14:56 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186682 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm. master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face 1 while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. 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Contact UMI directly to order. U·M·I University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. M148106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9426314 Archaos ou les mots etincelants: Langages de l'utopie dans l'oeuvre de Christiane Rochefort Constant, Isabelle, Ph.D. The University of Arizona, 1994 Copyright ©1994 by Constant, Isabelle. All rights reserved. U-M-I 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor. MI48106 Archaos ou les mots etincelants: langages de l'utopie dans l'oeuvre de Christiane Rochefort. by Isabelle Constant Copyright © Isabelle Constant 1994 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Department of FRENCH and ITALIAN In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY With a Major in French In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1994 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by----------------------------------------- isabelle CONSTANT entitled Archaos ou les mots etincelants : langages de l'utopie dans l'oeuvre de Christiane Rochefort and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy / French Date Y-13-3~ Date Date Date Date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. Dissertation Director Date 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University library to be made available to borrowers under the rules of the library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Request for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. Signed: ___1._~_---_~ ___ _ 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My thanks go first to Monique Wittig for her invaluable help in terms of work as well as personal encouragement. The time she devoted to my work and her kindness were essential to me. Thanks to Christiane Rochefort for being a wonderful person as well as a great writer. My very special thanks to Roby Ariew for his constant help and his patience. Thanks to Lise Leibacher for her kindness and the time she spent advising me when I needed it most. Thanks to Elizabeth Zegura for sharing with me her passion for Rabelais, and her comments on this dissertation. Finally, I want to thank all my professors at the University of Arizona who helped me during the course of my studies. 5 TABLE DES MATIERES Abstract. ............................................................................................7 Introduction ...................................................................................... 8 1. Roman et representation visuelle. Archaos et Ie triptyque ......................................................................................... 22 1.1 Un theatre des delices. 1.2 Plusieurs interpretations du triptyque de Bosch. 1.3 L'art integre dans l'utopie. 1.4 La logique poetique. 1.5 Forme spatiale et temporelle d'Archaos. 1.6 L'androgyne. 1.7 La lune. 2. Rochefort et les Noms.................................................................. 59 2.1 Au debut Ie langage (La Genese, Le Roman de Renart). 2.2 Les Noms dans la litterature (Proust, More, SWift). 2.3 Les Noms de lieux. 2.4 Les Noms de personnes. 3. L' ecri ture de Rochefort .............................................................. 103 3.1 Archrusmes, idiolectes et detournements de lieux communs. 3.2 Le point de rupture du langage: Printemps au parking 3.3 Neologismes et parodie des langages: Une Rose pour Morrisson. 3.4 Rochefort et les mots: poetique et politique. 4. Une nouvelle Renaissance: temps et espaces multireferentiels de Rabelais a Rochefort ................................................................. 143 4.1 Utopie et Histoire. 4.2 Utopie et Lois. 4.3 Archaos et l'Abbaye de Theleme, genealogie du roman, une formule et une topographie. 4.4 Eugenisme et perte de memoire, Ie centre et Ie non-conformisme. 6 5. Rochefort et Fourier .................................................................. 166 5.1 Les utopistes du dix-neuvic~me siecle. 5.2 La manie, Ie desir et la mise en scene. 5.3 La jouissance, Ie desir. 5.4 La survie en utopie. 5.5 Le theatre: les misteres d'Archaos, Ie monde renverse, l'analogie, Ie tableau! l'image, la logique. 5.6 Les mots, la prostitution, la metaphore culinaire, Ie neologisme. 5.7 Le couple, l'originalite, l'inceste, Fourier feministe? 5.8 Les methodes de Fourier et de Rochefort: Ie syllogisme, l'humour, l'ironie, la taxonomie. 6. Archaos et les utopies feministes modernes: l'utopie en mouvement ....................................................................................217 6.1 L'utopie, un genre en devenir. 6.2 La reception d'Archaos. 6.3 Les choix sexuels de l'utopie nouvelle: un choix de mots. 6.4 Les transformations, la gemellite, l'inceste. 6.5 De La Cite des dames au couvent de Tremenes. 6.6 Les espaces reconquis. 6.7 L'utopie dematerialisee. 7. Rochefort et Ie gout du desordre ......................................................................................... 249 7.1 Archaos et l'ambiguHe du genre. 7.2 Le non-principe. 7.3 Destruction de l'Etat et proclamation de l'anarchie. 7.4 Une certaine idee du bonheur. 7.5 L'utopie du desir-desirant. Conclusion ..................................................................................... 270 Elements de bibliographie ............................................................ 278 7 ABSTRACT This research is a comparative study of Archaos ou Ie Iardin etincelant, a utopia written by Christiane Rochefort in 1972, and the triptych The Garden of Delights, by Yeronimus Bosch. The arts critics do not agree on the interpreta tion of The Garden of Delights, but most see it as a linear story, leading to the human fall. The central panel in this interpretation is viewed as the repre sentation of all possible carnal sins. The Garden of Delights by Bosch is rein terpreted by Rochefort as a utopian work of art instead of a step toward damnation. Bosch, who is well known for his pictorial wit, represented visual plays on words. Rochefort's plays on words and her dialogic use of language are the object of chapter two and three. Her neologisms, and particularly the invention of new names emerge as symptoms of a subversive utopia. Through a comparison of Archaos with canonized utopias (L'Abbaye de Theleme by Rabelais, Gulliver's Travels by Swift) and with new forms of utopias (Le Livre de la cite des dames by Christine de Pisan, Le Nouveau Monde amoureux, by Fourier, Herland by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, utopias by Ursula Le Guin, Joanna Russ and Marge Piercy), I try to define what is common to the feminist utopias of the 1970's and set them aside from the canonic definition of utopia. The idea of freedom depicted by Fourier in his Harmony was precursory of the directions taken by utopia in the works of feminist writers of the 1970's. Fourier was probably the most feminist of the male utopianists. Rochefort presents us with a society where men act more like women, where they create a more anarchic world. Some critics have said that utopia was dead when