DOCSLIB.ORG

Eglė KRIVICKAITĖ PHONOTACTICS DEVELOPMENT of CHILDREN's

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Eglė KRIVICKAITĖ PHONOTACTICS DEVELOPMENT of CHILDREN's VYTAUTAS MAGNUS UNIVERSITY Eglė KRIVICKAITĖ PHONOTACTICS DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN’S LANGUAGE Summary of Doctoral Dissertation Humanities, Philology (04 H) Kaunas, 2016 The dissertation has been prepared at Vytautas Magnus University in 2011– 2015. The right for the joint doctoral studies was accorded to Vytautas Magnus University, Klaipėda University, Šiauliai University and the Institute of the Lithuanian Language on July 8, 2011 according to the decree of the Minister of Education and Science of Lithuania No. V-1019. Scientific supervisor: prof. dr. Ineta Dabašinskienė (Vytautas Magnus University, Humanities, Philology – 04 H) The dissertation is defended in Philology Science Board of Vytautas Magnus University together with Klaipėda University, Šiauliai University and Lithuanian Language Institute: Chairperson: Prof. Dr. Asta Kazlauskienė (Vytautoas Magnus University, Humanities, Philology – 04H) Members: Prof. Habil. Dr. Bonifacas Stundžia (Vilnius University, Humanities, Philology – 04H) Prof. Dr. Dalia Pakalniškienė (Klaipėda University, Humanities, Philology – 04H) Prof. Dr. Genovaitė Kačiuškienė (Šiauliai University, Humanities, Philology – 04H) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Laura Kamandulytė-Merfeldienė (Vytautas Magnus University, Humanities, Philology – 04H) The dissertation shall be defended in an open session of Philology Science Board on May 20, 2016 at 12 o‘clock at Vytautas Magnus University, room 211. Address: K. Donelaičio str. 52, 44244 Kaunas, Lithaunia The summary of the doctoral dissertation was sent out on April 19, 2016. The dissertation is available in the libraries of Vytautas Magnus University, Klaipėda University, Šiauliai University and the Institute of the Lithuanian Language. 2 VYTAUTO DIDŽIOJO UNIVERSITETAS Eglė KRIVICKAITĖ VAIKŲ KALBOS FONOTAKTIKOS RAIDA Daktaro disertacijos santrauka Humanitariniai mokslai, filologija (04 H) Kaunas, 2016 3 Mokslo daktaro disertacija rengta 2011–2015 metais Vytauto Didžiojo universitete pagal suteiktą Vytauto Didžiojo universitetui su Klaipėdos universitetu, Šiaulių universitetu ir Lietuvių kalbos institutu (2011 m. birželio 8 d. Švietimo ir mokslo ministro įsakymas Nr. V-1019) doktorantūros teisę. Mokslinė vadovė: prof. dr. Ineta Dabašinskienė (Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas, humanitariniai mokslai, filologija – 04 H) Mokslo disertacija ginama Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto su Klaipėdos universitetu, Šiaulių universitetu ir Lietuvių kalbos institutu Filologijos mokslo krypties taryboje: Pirmininkė: prof. dr. Asta Kazlauskienė (Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas, humanitariniai mokslai, filologija – 04H) Nariai: prof. habil. dr. Bonifacas Stundžia (Vilniaus universitetas, humanitariniai mokslai, filologija – 04H) prof. dr. Dalia Pakalniškienė (Klaipėdos universitetas, humanitariniai mokslai, filologija – 04H) prof. dr. Genovaitė Kačiuškienė (Šiaulių universitetas, humanitariniai mokslai, filologija – 04H) doc. dr. Laura Kamandulytė-Merfeldienė (Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas, humanitariniai mokslai, filologija – 04H) Daktaro disertacija bus ginama viešame filologijos krypties tarybos posėdyje 2016 m. gegužės 20 d., 12 val. Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto 211 auditorijoje. Adresas: K. Donelaičio g. 52, 44244 Kaunas, Lietuva Disertacijos santrauka išsiųsta 2016 m. balandžio 19 d. Disertaciją galima peržiūrėti Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto, Klaipėdos universiteto, Šiaulių universiteto ir Lietuvių kalbos instituto bibliotekose. 4 1. INTRODUCTION Relevance of the Topic and Novelty of the Thesis The present thesis analyses the phonotactics acquisition of Lithuanian children. The acquisition of Lithuanian sounds, their combinations, and words with different structure has been described only fragmentary and focusing on different periods (Garšvienė, Ivoškuvienė 1993; Garšvienė, Juškienė 2008; Auksoriūtė 2010; Kamandulytė 2006a, b; Kamandulytė-Merfeldienė 2015). It has been observed that an increasing number of children need speech therapists’ or special pedagogues’ help every year because of impairments in language development: 1 children have difficulty in remembering new words, pronouncing forms with more complicated structure, concentrating, etc.2 Thus, consistent research, using innovative methods, is necessary, the results of which would reveal the acquisition of Lithuanian phonology and phonotactics in greater detail. Applying the experimental method, also referred to as a special task, the present thesis explores the language data of five children age groups: 4;00–4;113, 5;00– 5;11, 6;00–6;11, 7;00–7;11, 8;00–8;11; i.e. preschool age (4;00–5;11), preprimary school age (6;00–6;11), and junior primary school age (7;00–8;11). Earlier experimental research on Lithuanian children’s language was mainly carried out with one or two age groups. It is important to mention that the present dissertation research has a large sample as each age group contains 95-97 participants. In total, the data of 480 typically developing children aged from four to eight were collected at the kindergartens and schools in Kaunas city, Kaunas district, and Kaunas county. It is suggested that such large sample size could help to determine the features of Lithuanian phonotactics acquisition more objectively. In order to collect the data, the Lithuanian non-word repetition test was used for the first time. The Objective of the Study The aim of the dissertation is to analyse the features of phonotactics of preschool age (4;00-5;11), pre-primary school age (6;00-6;11), and junior primary 1 According to the data of Statistics Lithuania, the number of children in special education groups in preschool educational institutions has been increasing: 694 children in 2012, 712 children in 2013, and 836 children in 2014. 2 This has been noted during individual consultations with speech therapists at kindergartens and schools. 3 Age is marked the following: 4;00–4;11 from four years 0 months to four years 11 months. 5 school age (7;00-8;11) children, applying the non-word repetition test. In order to reach the aim, the following objectives have been formulated: 1. to present the methodology of the Lithuanian non-word repetition test; 2. to collect representative data of children’s language, using non-word repetition test; 3. to perform a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data: 3.1. on the basis of the statistical analysis, using SPSS 17.0 programme, to determine the following: 3.1.1.1. the influence of age and sex on phonotactics acquisition; 3.1.1.2. the acquisition tendencies of non-words with different structure among children aged from four to eight; 3.2. to determine the strategies of pronunciation simplification of non-words employed by different age groups; 3.3. to describe and compare the pronunciation features of sounds and their clusters of each age group; 4. to determine the most typical features of phonotactics acquisition of Lithuanian children’s language based on the results of the qualitative and quantitative results. Research Methods The present research uses the combination of several methods: a cross- sectional method was used in order to collect the sample; an experimental method (non- word repetition test) was used to collect the research data; in order to analyse the data, error analysis, comparative, and statistical methods were employed. The Lithuanian non-word repetition test was designed for this research; therefore, the application of this test by foreign researchers and the structure of the Lithuanian non-word repetition test are described in greater detail. The non-words repeated inaccurately were analysed using a qualitative error analysis method. When comparing different age groups, as well as the results of boys and girls, a comparative method was applied. Statistical methods were used in order to discuss the influence of sex and age on phonotactics acquisition. The use of the combination of these methods allowed identifying the main acquisition features of Lithuanian phonotactics in different age groups. 6 The Practical Value of the Research The results of the present dissertation might be useful and topical in preparing practical speech development tasks for typically developing children. After determining the sounds, their clusters, and the structure of words which are difficult to pronounce for children of different age groups, kindergarten teachers, secondary school teachers, speech therapists, and parents could devote more attention for their development. The results obtained during the present research have revealed the acquisition features of sounds and their clusters, as well as of words with different structure in the speech of typically developing children aged from four to eight. Therefore, these results might be useful for speech therapists and special pedagogues who work with children having language impairment: they could help in diagnosing phonological language impairments and creating the methodology of their adjustment. The methods and the results of the present dissertation might also become the basis for future scholarly research, analyzing the features of phonotactics acquisition of children with language impairment and/or bilingual/multilingual children. Structure of the Study The dissertation is comprised of the Introduction (Chapter 1) and four main parts. Chapter 2 ‘Phonology Acquisition’ focuses on the acquisition features of phonology and phonotactics. Chapter 3 ‘The Research on Children’s Language Using the Method of Non-word Repetition’ discusses the application of the non-word repetition test in foreign research and presents the methodology of the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Production of Lexical Tone in Croatian
    The production of lexical tone in Croatian Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie im Fachbereich Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaften der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität zu Frankfurt am Main vorgelegt von Jevgenij Zintchenko Jurlina aus Kiew 2018 (Einreichungsjahr) 2019 (Erscheinungsjahr) 1. Gutacher: Prof. Dr. Henning Reetz 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Sven Grawunder Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 01.11.2018 ABSTRACT Jevgenij Zintchenko Jurlina: The production of lexical tone in Croatian (Under the direction of Prof. Dr. Henning Reetz and Prof. Dr. Sven Grawunder) This dissertation is an investigation of pitch accent, or lexical tone, in standard Croatian. The first chapter presents an in-depth overview of the history of the Croatian language, its relationship to Serbo-Croatian, its dialect groups and pronunciation variants, and general phonology. The second chapter explains the difference between various types of prosodic prominence and describes systems of pitch accent in various languages from different parts of the world: Yucatec Maya, Lithuanian and Limburgian. Following is a detailed account of the history of tone in Serbo-Croatian and Croatian, the specifics of its tonal system, intonational phonology and finally, a review of the most prominent phonetic investigations of tone in that language. The focal point of this dissertation is a production experiment, in which ten native speakers of Croatian from the region of Slavonia were recorded. The material recorded included a diverse selection of monosyllabic, bisyllabic, trisyllabic and quadrisyllabic words, containing all four accents of standard Croatian: short falling, long falling, short rising and long rising. Each target word was spoken in initial, medial and final positions of natural Croatian sentences.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Duration and Sonority on Contour Tone Distribution— Typological Survey and Formal Analysis
    The Effects of Duration and Sonority on Contour Tone Distribution— Typological Survey and Formal Analysis Jie Zhang For my family Table of Contents Acknowledgments xi 1 Background 3 1.1 Two Examples of Contour Tone Distribution 3 1.1.1 Contour Tones on Long Vowels Only 3 1.1.2 Contour Tones on Stressed Syllables Only 8 1.2 Questions Raised by the Examples 9 1.3 How This Work Evaluates The Different Predictions 11 1.3.1 A Survey of Contour Tone Distribution 11 1.3.2 Instrumental Case Studies 11 1.4 Putting Contour Tone Distribution in a Bigger Picture 13 1.4.1 Phonetically-Driven Phonology 13 1.4.2 Positional Prominence 14 1.4.3 Competing Approaches to Positional Prominence 16 1.5 Outline 20 2 The Phonetics of Contour Tones 23 2.1 Overview 23 2.2 The Importance of Sonority for Contour Tone Bearing 23 2.3 The Importance of Duration for Contour Tone Bearing 24 2.4 The Irrelevance of Onsets to Contour Tone Bearing 26 2.5 Local Conclusion 27 3 Empirical Predictions of Different Approaches 29 3.1 Overview 29 3.2 Defining CCONTOUR and Tonal Complexity 29 3.3 Phonological Factors That Influence Duration and Sonority of the Rime 32 3.4 Predictions of Contour Tone Distribution by Different Approaches 34 3.4.1 The Direct Approach 34 3.4.2 Contrast-Specific Positional Markedness 38 3.4.3 General-Purpose Positional Markedness 41 vii viii Table of Contents 3.4.4 The Moraic Approach 42 3.5 Local Conclusion 43 4 The Role of Contrast-Specific Phonetics in Contour Tone Distribution: A Survey 45 4.1 Overview of the Survey 45 4.2 Segmental Composition 48
    [Show full text]
  • Representing Structure in Phonology and Syntax Studies in Generative Grammar
    Marc van Oostendorp and Henk van Riemsdijk (Eds.) Representing Structure in Phonology and Syntax Studies in Generative Grammar Editors Norbert Corver Harry van der Hulst Roumyana Pancheva Founding editors Jan Koster Henk van Riemsdijk Volume 124 Representing Structure in Phonology and Syntax Edited by Marc van Oostendorp Henk van Riemsdijk ISBN 978-1-5015-1066-3 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-1-5015-0222-4 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-1-5015-0225-5 ISSN 0167-4331 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. 6 2015 Walter de Gruyter, Inc., Berlin/Boston Typesetting: RoyalStandard, Hong Kong Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck ♾ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Contents Marc van Oostendorp and Henk van Riemsdijk Introduction 1 Josef Bayer Doubly-Filled Comp, wh head-movement, and derivational economy 7 Norbert Corver Interjections as structured root expressions 41 Günther Grewendorf The internal structure of wh-elements and the diversity of wh-movement 85 Jan Koster Relative clauses: Parallelism and partial reconstruction 115 Alan Langus and Marina Nespor On the nature of word order regularities 141 M. Rita Manzini On the substantive primitives of morphosyntax and their parametrization: Northern Italian subject clitics 167 Jacques Mehler Language acquisition and the neuroscience of development 195 Kuniya Nasukawa Recursion in the lexical structure of morphemes 211 Marc van Oostendorp Final devoicing in French 239 Markus A.
    [Show full text]
  • Unstable Surface Correspondence As the Source of Local Conspiracies*
    Unstable surface correspondence as the source of local conspiracies* Sharon Inkelas & Stephanie S. Shih University of California, Berkeley & University of California, Merced 1. Introduction In this paper, we address parallelisms between local and long-distance effects in segmental phonology, focusing on the similarity conditions that trigger them. We take the view that both local and long-distance harmony and disharmony are consequences of segmental correspondence – namely, unstable surface correspondence – as modeled in Agreement by Correspondence theory (henceforth ABC; e.g., Walker 2000a, b; Hansson 2001; Rose & Walker 2004). The basic tenet of ABC is that properties of featural or structural similarity underlie interactions between segments; unstable surface correspondence is the situation in which segments are sufficiently similar to interact but too uncomfortably similar to stably coexist at a certain distance, thereby requiring repair via assimilation or dissimilation. This united view of local and non-local (dis)harmony offers an alternative to standard markedness constraints that have been invoked in Optimality Theory (OT; Prince & Smolensky 2004) to handle local assimilation and dissimilation effects. As our case study, we examine the classic nasal-consonant (NC) patterns that have played a key role in the development of OT. The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 introduces the ABC framework, as originally motivated by long-distance effects, and the idea of unstable surface correspondence. Section 3 presents case studies from local NC patterns and argues that like long-distance effects, local segmental interactions can also be understood as consequences of unstable surface correspondence relationships. Section 4 discusses the typological advantages of an ABC account of NC patterns.
    [Show full text]
  • A Retrospective on Phonology in Chicago 1965-2004 Bill J. Darden
    A Retrospective on Phonology in Chicago 1965-2004 Bill J. Darden University of Chicago Introduction I would like to start by saying that this talk is going to be a reminiscence, not a history. It will be a mixture of anecdotes about CLS and my commentary on the development of phonology over the last 39 years. In discussing the early history of CLS, I have made the perhaps unwarranted assumption that CLS archives are not neatly organized, and I did not try to search through them. There was a history of CLS prepared by officers in the 70's, but they did not consult me, and as a result they left some lacunae in the early period. Nothing in this talk pretends to be complete and accurate. I have known for quite a while that my memory is fallible. The flaw in my ruminations on phonology lies in the fact that I have not worked in phonological theory for more than ten years. I will certainly slight more recent theories. I cannot cover all of the history of phonology in one hour, and I will limit the discussion to several topics that have interested me though the years. Since this is going to be a personal commentary, I should probably let you know the theoretical views that may color my interpretations. Except for a very brief attachment to pure generative phonology in the mid sixties of the last century, I have maintained a belief in a principled difference between pure phonology and morphophonology. The definition of morphophonology does not differ from that of Roman Jakobson, as it was taught to me by Edward Stankiewicz, but the justification comes from the work of David Stampe.
    [Show full text]
  • CURRENT TRENDS in PHONETIC STUDIES” (Kyiv, 19 April, 2019)
    ЗБІРНИК МАТЕРІАЛІВ III КРУГЛОГО СТОЛУ «СУЧАСНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ФОНЕТИЧНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ» (19 квітня 2019 р.) CONSONANTS OF THE LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE IN IPA CONTEXT: IDENTIFICATION PROBLEMS Jolita Urbanavičienė Institute of the Lithuanian Language, Vilnius, Lithuania [email protected] The report deals with the consonant system of the Lithuanian standard language in the context of IPA. It discusses controversial cases of consonant classification (fricatives /v vj/ or sonants /ʋ ʋj/; consonants /kʲ gʲ xʲ ɣj/ – palatal or palatalised and others). Especially great attention is devoted to palatalisation or voicing of consonants – these differential features of the phonemes are analysed on the basis of acoustic phonetics studies. Key words: Lithuanian standard language; International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA); transcription; consonantism; palatalisation, voicing. The system of consonants of the Lithuanian standard language consists of 45 consonant phonemes [1, p. 39; 15, p. 73; 8, p. 224; 18, p. 10]. The proposed classification of Lithuanian consonant phonemes according to the IPA [11] principles is represented in Table 1. Table 1 Classification of Lithuanian consonant phonemes (based on IPA) Man- Place of articulation ner of labio- palatovela articu- bilabial dental alveolar palatal velar dental r lation plo- /p/– /b/ /t/ – /d/ /k/ – sive /pj/ – /bj/ /tj/ – /dj/ /kj/ – /gj/ /g/ fri- /f/ – /v/ /s/ – /z/ /ʃ/ – /ʒ/ /x/ – cative /fʲ/ – /vj/ /sj/ – /zj/ /ʃ j/ – /ʒj/ /xj/ – /ɣj/ /ɣ/ affri- /ʦ/ – /ʣ/ /ʧ/ – /ʤ/ cate /ʦj/ – /ʣj/ /ʧj/ – /ʤj/ appro- /j/ ximant /m/ /n/ nasal /mj/ /nj/ lateral /l/ /lj/ /r/ trill /rj/ Both primary (when palatal consonants are generated) and secondary (when palatalised consonants are articulated) palatalisation is characteristic of the 45 PROCEEDINGS OF THE III INTERNATIONAL ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION “CURRENT TRENDS IN PHONETIC STUDIES” (Kyiv, 19 April, 2019) Lithuanian language consonants.
    [Show full text]
  • A Typology of Contour Tone Restrictions
    1 A TYPOLOGY OF CONTOUR TONE RESTRICTIONS MATTHEW GORDON University of California, Santa Barbara 2 Matthew Gordon Department of Linguistics 3607 South Hall Santa Barbara, CA 93106 [email protected] 3 ABSTRACT This paper presents results of a survey of contour tones in 105 languages with lexical tone. Results indicate an implicational hierarchy of tone bearing ability, whereby long vowels are most likely to carry contour tones, followed by syllables containing a short vowel plus a sonorant coda, followed by syllables containing a short vowel plus an obstruent coda, followed by open syllables containing a short vowel. It is claimed that this tonal hierarchy is phonetically motivated: syllable types which are phonetically better suited to carrying tonal information are more likely to support contour tones. Languages whose tone distributions superficially appear to fall outside the range of variation predicted on phonetic grounds are demonstrated, upon closer examination, to be unexceptional in their behavior. 4 1 Introduction In many languages, syllables differ in terms of the number of tonal contrasts which they may support (Clark 1983, Hyman 1988). For example, while most languages allow level tones on all syllable types, many restrict contour tones to certain syllable types. Thus, in Kiowa (Kiowa-Tanoan; Watkins 1984), contour tones may only occur on syllables containing long vowels (CVV(C)) and syllables closed by a sonorant coda (CVR) (1a). Contour tones may not occur on open syllables containing a short vowel (CV) or on short-voweled syllables closed by an obstruent (CVO) (1b). (1) Kiowa contour tones (from Watkins 1984) a. kÓu$…l ‘pull off’, ha$… ‘arise’ refl., kÓu$ltO… ‘pull off’ future b.
    [Show full text]
  • Stricture and Nasal Place Assimilation Author(S): Jaye Padgett Source: Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, Vol
    Stricture and Nasal Place Assimilation Author(s): Jaye Padgett Source: Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, Vol. 12, No. 3 (Aug., 1994), pp. 465-513 Published by: Springer Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4047807 . Accessed: 03/02/2014 22:31 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Springer is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Natural Language &Linguistic Theory. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.114.163.7 on Mon, 3 Feb 2014 22:31:48 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions JAYE PADGETT STRICTURE AND NASAL PLACE ASSIMILATION* Theories of feature organizationtypically treat stricturefeatures like [continuant], [consonantal]and [approximant]as independentof place of articulationfeatures. The best argumentfor this view centers on [continuant]and facts of nasal place assimi- lation - in particular,instances of nasal place assimilationto fricatives,where the nasal appearsto remain a stop. However, a closer look at nasal place assimilation providesa strongargument against this standardview: acrosslanguages, place assimi- lation to fricativesis highly disfavoredin comparisonto assimilationto stops, and occurringnasal-fricative clusters behave like affricates.I show how a theoryin which [continuant]is place-dependentcan explainthese facts, exploitingthe notionof struc- ture preservation.The treatmentof strictureproposed brings feature geometry more in line with models based on facts of phoneticsand vocal tract anatomy, e.g., the gesturalmodel of Browmanand Goldstein.
    [Show full text]
  • Underspecification in Yawelmani Phonology and Morphology. Phd Dissertation, MIT
    References Archangeli, Diana (1984). Underspecification in Yawelmani Phonology and Morphology. PhD dissertation, MIT. Bailey, Charles-James N. (1970). Toward Specifying Constraints on Phonological Metathesis. Linguistic Inquiry 1: 347-349. Barry, Martin (1985). A Palatographic Study of Connected Speech Processes. Cambridge Papers in Phonetic and Experimental Linguistics, 4: 1-16. Barry, Martin (1991). Temporal Modelling of Gestures in Articulatory Assimilation. Proceedings of the XIIth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, vol. 4, 14-17. Barry, Martin (1992). Palatalisation, Assimilation and Gestural weakening in Connected Speech. Speech Communication 11, 393-400. Barry, William and Herman Kuenzel (1975). Co-articulatory Airflow Characteristics of Intervocalic Voiceless Plosives. Journal of Phonetics 3: 263-282. Bladon, Anthony (1986). Phonetics for Hearers. In Graham McGregor (ed.) Language for Hearers, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1-24. Borden, G. J. and K. S. Harris. (1984). Speech Science Primer: Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception of Speech. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. Browman, Catherine P. and Louis M. Goldstein (1986). Towards an Articulatory Phonology. Phonology Yearbook 3: 219-252. Browman, Catherine P. and Louis M. Goldstein (1989). Articulatory Gestures as Phonological Units. Phonology 6: 201-251. Browman, Catherine P. and Louis M. Goldstein (1990). Tiers in Articulatory Phonology. In Kingston and Beckman (eds.), 341-376. Browman, Catherine P. and Louis M. Goldstein (1992). Articulatory Phonology: An Overview. Phonetica 49: 155-180. Byrd, Dani (1992). Perception of Assimilation in Consonant Clusters: a Gestural Model. Phonetica 49: 1-24. Byrd, Dani (1994). Articulatory Timing in English Consonant Sequences. PhD dissertation, UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 86, UCLA, Los Angeles, 162 California. Clements, George N. (1985). The Geometry of Phonological Features.
    [Show full text]
  • Positional Neutralization: a Phonologization Approach to Typological Patterns
    Positional Neutralization: A Phonologization Approach to Typological Patterns by Jonathan Allen Barnes B.A. (Columbia University) 1992 M.A. (University of California, Berkeley) 1995 M.A. (University of California, Berkeley) 1997 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics in the GRADUATE DIVISION of the UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Committee in charge: Professor Sharon Inkelas, Chair Professor Andrew Garrett Professor Larry M. Hyman Professor Alan Timberlake Fall 2002 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Positional Neutralization: A Phonologization Approach to Typological Patterns ©2002 by Jonathan Allen Barnes Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Abstract Positional Neutralization: A Phonologization Approach to Typological Patterns by Jonathan Allen Barnes Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics University of California, Berkeley Professor Sharon Inkelas, Chair This study investigates the typology of patterns of positional neutralization, a term referring to systems in which, from a given set of oppositions, one structural position licenses a wider array of contrasts than another. Patterns of positional neutralization of vowel contrasts are surveyed in three pairs of strong and weak positions: stressed/unstressed, final/non-final, and initial/non-initial. For each pair, regularities involving the phonetic content of neutralization patterns are accounted for using a phonologization-based approach to typological patterns. In the phonologization model, phonetics influences phonology only by providing the gradient inputs out of which categorical patterns are created by phonologization. Perceptually ambiguous language-specific phonetic patterns are reinterpreted by listeners, producing new phonological representations of the relevant strings.
    [Show full text]
  • Phonological Rules in Lithuanian A.Nd J:Ia.Tvia.N
    Phonological Rules in Lithuanian a.nd J:ia.tvia.n Zinny S. Bond 218 Phonologice.l Rules in Lithuanian and Latvian* Zinny S. Bond Introduction Li~huanian and Latvian are quite closely related languages, Latvian traditionally being considered the more innovating of the tlfO. The t~o languages present a.n idea.l case for a comparison of their gr8l!II!lars in terms of shared phonological rules. In the ideal case, tvo independently developed grammars of the languages would be compared, Howeveri though there is 8Il extensive treatment or Latvian phonology in a generative fr8lnevork (Halle and Zeps, 1966), recent work on Lithuanian has been pr:im.ari].y concerned with a.n analysis of accent, Only Heeschen (1967) has considered other phono- logical phenomena, and his treatment of Lithuanian phonology is also primarily concerned vith accent assignment. I will simply assume that the analysis of Latvian phonology is basicalJ.y sound and see which o! the Latvian rules are applicable in Lithua.nia.n. 1f the rules dev.eloped for LatYian can also be shown to operate in Lithuanian, then the rules in question can be established as shared by the tvo languages. The interesting questions in this comparison concern not so much the !act of shared rules, but the place of innova- tions in the tvo gremma.rst as well as changes in the ~arm and applica- bility of rules. This paper will be limited to rules primarily involved in the derivation or verbs, though obviously some of the rules are quite general. First, the rules developed by Halle and Zeps for Latvian vill be surveyed briefly.
    [Show full text]
  • Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 4810S 76-3509 NOBEL, Barry L., 1944- INFLECTIONAL SHORTENING in BALTIC
    INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity; 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation.
    [Show full text]