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Selected Efforts/Research in the Area of Warning Susanne Schmeidl The entries listed below are based on a very broad definition ment Efforts; Research kentres at Universities; and Indi- of early warning. Anyone involved in research on conflict vidual Researchers. The difference between the last two is prediction, mediation, and/or resolution is included as I that the former is an orgianized researcheffort with an estab- believe that early warning, in order to be successful, must lished research project, *bile the latter refers to a research take into consideration a wide range of factors. In addition, project that is undertake~lbyone or two researchers. Most of I wish to encourage interaction among different participants the listings here are self-entries. Only in a very few circum- who share an interest in early warning. stances did I include a research effort without an initial sub- The following descriptions of efforts/research in the area mission (these efforts are marked with an asterik [*]). of early warning are based on submissions to the Centre for Individual researchers were only included if they answered Refugee Studies after request for the creation of a directory our request for information and provided enough material on "Who is Who and does What in Early Warning" was to be discussed. This sedtion, therefore, is the most incom- posted on the Internet. Thus, this list is incomplete by defi- plete. If you wish to lem more about certain efforts/re- nition, excluding those efforts that for some reason have not search you can contact the people identified. come to the attention of the Prevention/Early Warning Unit As the author of this r~mpilation,I take complete respon- at the Centre for Refugee Studies. The search for submis- sibility for any errors o$ misrepresentation that may have sions to the directory is ongoing. If you or your organization occurred during the res~archprocess. Any corrections for have been omitted, please contact us in order to be included the larger directory shodld be directed to Susanne Schrneidl in the final directory. The final version will be done in coop- at the Centre for Refugee Studies ([email protected]; Tel.: eration with Jeremy Bristol at International Alert, London. 416-736-5883; Fax: 4149736-5837). If you know of any ef- There are five kinds of entries: efforts undertaken by forts/ research not mentioned here which you think ought to NGOs; United Nations' efforts; Governments or Govern- be included into the directory, please let us know. I. Early Warning Efforts by Agency for Cooperation and Research ODA-funded research programme into Non-Governmental Organizations in Development-ACORD Copplex Political Emergencies. ACORD has a range of interests that Mark Adams, Research and Programme fall under the heading 'conflict,' but our Oficer (Horn of Africa) prjmary focus is on issues directly rel- ACCESS Agency for Cooperation and Research in evant to development and emergency Development (ACORD) programming in Africa. Early warning is Mary Lord, Executive Director Francis House, Francis Street anr of those interests. 1511 K Street, NW, Suite 643 London, SWlP IDE, United Kingdom Washington, D.C. 20005, USA Tel.: (+44 171) 82&7611/7612 Carter Center-Conflict Resolution Tel.: (202)783-6050, I-, toll free Fax: (+44 171) 976-6113 Program* Fax: (202) 783-4767 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] ACORD is an international consortium of Hiirry Barnes, Director http:/ /www.bso.com/-access/ NGOs that implements development, re- Qhe Copehill homepage habilitation and emergency programmes 43b Freedom Parkway ACCESS was founded in 1985 as a in Africa. The Consortium is independent At/lanta, Georgia 30307, USA nonprofit, non-advocacy information of political and religious affiliations. Fdx: (404) 420-5196 service on international affairs issues. In ACORD hasbeeninterested in conflict ht@/ /www.emory.edu/carter-center an effort to keep the public informed of issues for a number of years, stemming TQe Carter Center is a nonprofit, non- important international developments, from the widespread proliferation of con- ~vernmentalorganization founded in ACCESS publishes timely, impartial sum- flictsin Africa which have affected almost f 482 by former U.S. President Jimmy maries of current issues, as well as all the programmes we have in the conti- ~frterand Rosalynn Carter. Thecenter is overviews of the diverse perspectives nent. ACORD currently coordinates a net- dqdicated to resolving conflicts and fight- contributing to the foreign policy debate. work of NGOs, academics and other iqdisease, hunger, poverty, and oppres- Please contact ACCESS or their web- interested organisations and individuals sipthrough collaborative projects in the page for their publications and guides in the issues of conflict, development and aqeas of democratization and develop- such as The ACCESS Guide to Ethnic Con- peace, called CODEP. ACORD is also part ment, global health, and urban revitaliza- flicts in Europe and the Former Soviet Union. of a consortium carrying out a three-year tion. Refuge, Vol. 15, No. 4 (1996) 29 1995: Intemutional Guide to NGO Activities in bining incentives, sanctions, and me- E-mail: [email protected] Conflict Prevention and Resolution. diation. http: / /www.soros.org/migmon.html State of World Conflict Report: A Publication of Upon its return, the team presents a The Open Society Institute Forced Migra- the International Negotiation Network report or map of how to resolve or tion Projects monitor circumstancesin dif- manage the conflict for review by the ferent regions of the world in order to Council on Foreign Relations; Center ~dvis&y~rou~. The map is prepared provide the international community for Preventive Action in terms accessible to a wide policy with early warning of forced movements audience. The CPA then publishes a of people, and to identify the social, eco- Dr. Barnett R. Rubin, Director report, briefs political adother lead- nomic, and political conditions which Center for Preventive Action ers, writes articles and opinion pieces, may cause such dislocations. The Projects Council on Foreign Relations instigates Congressional hearings and encourage early and effective huma~tar- 58 East 68th Street other actions. The Center seeks to de- ian responses to migration emergencies; New York, NY 10021, USA ploy all the means at the command of advocate the humane treatment of those Tel.: (212) 734-0400 the Council on Foreign Relations to unable to return; urge permanent solu- Fax: (212) 517-4967 mobilize the American and interna- tions for those displaced; and promote E-mail: [email protected] tional communities to organize action measures that avert individuals' need to The Center for Preventive Action is an ini- to prevent conflict from escalating, or flee. tiative of the council onForeignRelations better, to resolve it. to study and test conflict preventiod-to A CPA working group visited the International Alert learn whether and how preventive agtion South Balkans in December 1995 to can work by doing it. Many of today's study potential conflicts inMacedonia Kumar Rupesinghe, Secretary General most serious international proble*s- and Kosovo. The Center is also form- Jeremy Bristol, Early Warning OfFcer ethnic conflicts, failing states, and hu- ing a working group on Nigeria. The International Alert manitarian disasters-could, potentially, group will both study ways out of the be averted or ameliorated with effeptive current transition impasse and ad- 1 Glyn Street, London, SEll5HT, United Kingdom early attention. Yet few have attempted to dress the broader political and eco- put this idea into practice, and even fewer nomic structural decay in Nigeria. Tel.: (+44 171) 793-8383 have evaluated such attempts. The CPA The Center also collaborates with Fax: (+44 171) 793-7975 uses the unique resources of the medber- other organizations engaged in preven- E-mail: [email protected] ship of the Council on Foreign Relafions tive action. In cooperation with the Afri- Please see the article in this issue for fur- to address this lack of action and uader- can American Institute, Refugees ther information. In addition to the efforts standing. International, and Search for Common described therein, Jeremy Bristol, in col- The primary function of the CPA i$ to Ground, the Center has helped to organ- laboration with Susanne Scluneidl at the learn about conflict prevention by eqgag- ize the Burundi Policy Forum since Janu- Centre for Refugee Studies, York Univer- ing the members of the Council in bvch ary 1995. This Forum coordinates conflict sity, is working on a directory of all cur- efforts. The CPA sends team$ to prevention activities in Burundi of North rent early warning mechanisms and pre-explosion crisis areas. These tdams American-based organizations with the databases. map out a strategy to settle or managle the U.S. government,the United Nations, and conflicts and then advocate action b$ ap- a similar European Burundi forum coor- InterWorks propriate governments and orgaiiea- dinated by International Alert in London. Jim Good tions, national and international, private The Forum has become the focal point for InterWorks and public: discussion of Burundi in the United 116 North Few Street An Advisory Group of Council mem- States, advocating a number of compre- Madison, WI 53703, USA bers, including diverse and experi- hensive policies on the part of the U.S. and Tel.: (608) 251-9440 enced practitioners and expprts, other governments and supporting the Fax: (608) 251-9150 works in consultation with the CPA's peace efforts of the UN Special Repre- E-mail: [email protected] sentative of the Secretary General in professional staff to choose puch InterWorks has worked with UNHCR for ~urundi. pre-explosion areas of conflict for FPA the past ten years in training for emer- The Center is funded by the Carnegie action. The Advisory Group alsp as- gency management of refugee influxes. Corporation of New York, the Twentieth sists in assembling the teams.