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EU Mapping of Child Protection Systems Lot 16

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EU Mapping of Child Protection Systems Lot 16 Report of Various Sizes (FRANET) EU mapping of child protection systems Lot 16 – Hungary 2 April 2014 Contents I. Legislative framework and policy developments ................................................... 2 II. Structures and Actors ...................................................................................... 41 III. Capacities ...................................................................................................... 77 IV. Care ........................................................................................................... 91 V. Accountability ............................................................................................... 118 References ........................................................................................................ 166 Annex – Terms and definitions ............................................................................. 183 1 I. Legislative framework and policy developments 1. Overview of the normative framework of the national child protection system. 1. Normative framework: The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UN CRC) was ratified in 1991 in Hungary1. The new Child Protection Act in accordance with the CRC came into force in November of 19972. Its main goal is to promote the best interests, the protection and wellbeing of children. The normative framework ensures the well- being and the protection of children from violence, exploitation, abuse, neglect, trafficking, child labour, and child separation. The children’s’ rights approach is set out by the priority to ensure the best interest of the child. According to the laws the separation from the biological family is the last resort, prevention is the main priority. Families have to be protected with all needed support. The child protection system includes: - basic child welfare provision (child welfare service, day care of children, emergency/temporary substitute care of children); - professional child protection local, regional provisions (guardianship, children’s homes, group homes, foster parents); - administrative measures (placing the children on the protection register). The simplified structure of child protection system includes: preventive services, targeted services and residential care. The obligatory planning and reviewing procedure incorporated into the legislation since 19993 is based on the Hungarian adaptation of the Looking After Children Assessment and Documentation system.4 2. Scope and needs In 2012 according to the Hungarian Central Statistical Office’s (Központi Statisztikai Hivatal) official data: - 190,564 minors (108.4 per thousand inhabitants of corresponding age)5 were registered as „at risk” by public guardianship authorities (Note: due to the reorganisation of the public administration system, data is not fully comparable with the data from previous years: data on guardianship authorities covers the period of time 1 Hungary, Act LXIV of 1991, on the ratification of the UN Convention on the rights of the child (1991. évi LXIV. törvény a gyermek jogairól szóló, New Yorkban, 1989. november 20-án kelt Egyezmény kihirdetéséről), available at: http://net.jogtar.hu/jr/gen/hjegy_doc.cgi?docid=99100064.TV. 2 Hungary, Act XXXI of 1997, on the protection of children and the administration of guardianship affairs (1997. évi XXXI. törvény a gyermekek védelméről és a gyámügyi igazgatásról), available at: http://net.jogtar.hu/jr/gen/hjegy_doc.cgi?docid=99700031.TV. 3Hungary, Governmental Decree 235/1997 (XII.17) on handling personal data by the guardianship offices, county child protection agencies, child welfare services, organisations providing personal care and persons (235/1997. (XII. 17.) Korm. rendelet a gyámhatóságok, a területi gyermekvédelmi szakszolgálatok, a gyermekjóléti szolgálatok és a személyes gondoskodást nyújtó szervek és személyek által kezelt személyes adatokról), available at: available at: http://net.jogtar.hu/jr/gen/hjegy_doc.cgi?docid=99700235.KOR. 4Hungary, Herczog., M.(ed.) (1999) “On the protection of our children” Handbook on how to use the child welfare and child protection assessement and documentation (Gyermekeink védelmében Kézikönyv a gyermekjóléti és gyermekvédelmi ellátásban részesülők gondozását-nevelését segítő adatlapok használatához). Országos Család- és Gyermekvédelmi Intézet, Budapest. 5 Hungary, Hungarian Central Statistical Office (Központi Statisztikai Hiavatal) (2013): Yearbook of Welfare and Stastics - 2012 (Szociális Statisztikai Évkönyv - 2012), Budapest, table 5.1. 2 between the 1st January 2012 to 1st of December (instead of till the 31st of December).). - 25,755 (14.7 per thousand inhabitants of corresponding age)6 were „taken under protection”, were registered in the child protection registry. (Due to the reorganisation of public administration data have limited comparability with previous years.) - 18,464 children (under the age of 18) lived in alternative care (10.5 per thousand inhabitants of corresponding age)7which is the highest percentage since decades despite the general decline in child population. In 2010, 90,335, while in 2013, only 88,700 children were born in Hungary8. - Minors under guardianship: 31,1929 (7,927 live in kinship care, 6,471 live with “third persons” (means the guardian is not one of the parents), 2,984 have a professional guardian, 8,574 have foster parents as guardian, 5,236 have the director of the children’s home as guardian. - Number of approved adoptions: 79310 - Number of foster parents: 5,54611 3. Resources The child protection system is funded primarily by the State. In 2014, the annual budget12: is 79,692.5 million HUF (approx. 266,000,000 EUR) for the national child protection bodies, 115.0 million HUF (approx. 383,000 EUR) for the development of child protection services. The expenditure on the social system (including family policy, child welfare and child protection, social welfare and social inclusion) is around 13% of the overall central budget13. Besides the central budget, local authorities finance their services from local budget. Church-run institutions are entitled for a higher normative support from the State. 4. Historical factors According to academic findings, before the WWII, over 85% of the children were placed into foster families. After the war the role of foster care decreased rapidly, mostly due to ideological reasons and by the mid 80’s it took less than 30% of all placements. The changes to broaden the scope of foster care placements slowly occurred due to the strong prejudice against foster carers for different reasons, and the high employment rate of women as well.”14 After the 80’s “despite the gradual recognition of the value of family-based care in child welfare, previous patterns, which relied heavily on institutional care, have been difficult to change.”15 Between 2003 and 2004 the ratio of children in children’s home and in foster care reached the equal proportion. In 2012 more than 61.4%16 of children in alternative care lived with foster parents. 6 Hungary, Hungarian Central Statistical Office (Központi Statisztikai Hiavatal) (2013): Yearbook of Welfare and Stastics - 2012 (Szociális Statisztikai Évkönyv - 2012), Budapest, table 5.2. 7 Hungary, Hungarian Central Statistical Office (Központi Statisztikai Hiavatal) (2013): Yearbook of Welfare and Stastics - 2012 (Szociális Statisztikai Évkönyv - 2012), Budapest, KSH, table 5.9. 8 Hungary, Hungarian Central Statistical Office (Központi Statisztikai Hiavatal) online database: STADAT 1.1 – Population, vital event (1941-) www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xstadat/xstadat_eves/i_wnt001b.html. 9 Hungary, Hungarian Central Statistical Office (Központi Statisztikai Hiavatal) (2013): Yearbook of Welfare and Stastics - 2012 (Szociális Statisztikai Évkönyv - 2012), Budapest, KSH, table 5.6. 10 Hungary, Hungarian Central Statistical Office (Központi Statisztikai Hiavatal) (2013): Yearbook of Welfare and Stastics - 2012 (Szociális Statisztikai Évkönyv - 2012), Budapest, KSH, table 5.8. 11 Hungary, Hungarian Central Statistical Office (Központi Statisztikai Hiavatal) (2013): Yearbook of Welfare and Stastics - 2012 (Szociális Statisztikai Évkönyv - 2012), Budapest, KSH, table5.14. 12 Hungary, Act on State Budget of Hungary of 2014 (2013. évi CCXXX. törvény Magyarország 2014. évi központi költségvetéséről), available in Hungarian at: http://net.jogtar.hu/jr/gen/hjegy_doc.cgi?docid=A1300230.TV. 13Hungary, Central Statistical Office: Yearbook of Welfare statistic (2013),(Szociális Statisztikai Évkönyv - 2012), Budapest, KSH, table 2.7. 14 Hungary, Herczog, M. (2001): ‘The development and state of specialized foster care system in Hungary’. Written consultation paper', UNICEF Technical meeting on specialised Fostering, 19-20 March 2001, Belgrade. 15 Hungary, Herczog, M., Ideology and the changing role of foster family care in Hungary. In: McKenzie, B. (ed.) (1994): Current perspectives on foster family care for children and youth. Jessica Kingsley Publishers, London and Philadelphhia 16 Hungary, Hungarian Central Statistical Office (Központi Statisztikai Hiavatal) (2013): Yearbook of Welfare and Stastics - 2012 (Szociális Statisztikai Évkönyv -2012), Budapest,KSH, table 5.9. 3 5. Current priority Prevention of family separation is a priority according to the Act on Child Protection17. Expanding foster care, and prioritising it to residential placements. Every child under 12 should be placed into foster families from 01/01/201418 and those who are already in children’s homes should be transferred to foster care
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