Religions 2012, 3, 228–250; doi:10.3390/rel3020228 OPEN ACCESS religions ISSN 2077-1444 www.mdpi.com/journal/religions Article Karl Mannheim’s Jewish Question David Kettler 1,* and Volker Meja 2 1 Bard College, Annandale, New York 12504, USA 2 Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John‘s NL, Canada A1C 5S7; E-Mail:
[email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
[email protected]; Tel.: +845-876-5293. Received: 5 January 2012; in revised form: 26 March 2012 / Accepted: 6 April 2012 / Published: 11 April 2012 Abstract: In this paper, we explore Karl Mannheim‘s puzzling failure (or refusal) to address himself in any way to questions arising out of the position of Jews in Germany, either before or after the advent of Nazi rule—and this, notwithstanding the fact, first, that his own ethnic identification as a Jew was never in question and that he shared vivid experiences of anti-Semitism, and consequent exile from both Hungary and Germany, and, second, that his entire sociological method rested upon using one‘s own most problematic social location—as woman, say, or youth, or intellectual—as the starting point for a reflexive investigation. It was precisely Mannheim‘s convictions about the integral bond between thought grounded in reflexivity and a mission to engage in a transformative work of Bildung that made it effectively impossible for him to formulate his inquiries in terms of his way of being Jewish. It is through his explorations of the rise and fall of the intellectual as socio-cultural formation that Mannheim investigates his relations to his Jewish origins and confronts the disaster of 1933.