DOCSLIB.ORG

Cybersecurity in the EU Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) Challenges and Risks for the EU

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cybersecurity in the EU Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) Challenges and Risks for the EU Cybersecurity in the EU Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) Challenges and risks for the EU STUDY Science and Technology Options Assessment EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service Scientific Foresight Unit (STOA) PE 603.175 Cybersecurity in the EU Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) Challenges and risks for the EU Study EPRS/STOA/SER/16/214N Abstract This report is the result of a study conducted by the European Union Agency for Network and Information Security (ENISA) for the European Parliament’s Science and Technology Options Assessment (STOA) Panel with the aim of identifying risks, challenges and opportunities for cyber-defence in the context of the EU Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). Acceptance of cyber as an independent domain calls for the investigation of its integration with the EU’s current and future policies and capabilities. ENISA analysed the related literature and work on cybersecurity, including its own publications, to form the basis for this study. In addition, a number of stakeholders, experts and practitioners, from academia, EU institutions and international organisations, were consulted in order to ensure the study is well-founded and comprehensive. The study revolves around three thematic areas, namely: policies, capacity building, and the integration of cyber in the CSDP missions, with the last one being the main focus of the study. For each thematic area, we compile a set of policy options, covering different levels, starting from the EU’s political/strategic level and progressing down to the operational and even tactical/technical levels of the CSDP’s supporting mechanisms. These policy options are summarised in a separate options briefing document accompanying this study. PE 603.175 STOA — Science and technology options assessment The STOA project ‘Cybersecurity in the EU Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) — Challenges and risks for the EU’ was carried out by ENISA at the request of the Science and Technology Options Assessment Panel, and managed by the Scientific Foresight Unit (STOA) within the Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services (DG EPRS) of the European Parliament. AUTHORS Panagiotis Trimintzios, Georgios Chatzichristos, Silvia Portesi, Prokopios Drogkaris, Lauri Palkmets, Dimitra Liveri and Andrea Dufkova. The authors acknowledge and would like to thank the following external experts for their contributions to this report: Prof. Paul Cornish, Dr Maria Bada (The Global Cyber Security Capacity Centre Oxford); Dr Jason C. R. Nurse, Dr Jassim Happa, Dr Ioannis Agrafiotis (University of Oxford); Mr Wolfgang Röhrig (European Defence Agency); Mr Hans-Peter Morbach, WCdr Rob Smeaton (NATO); Prof. Raffaele Marchetti, Dr Roberta Mulas, Ms Beatrice Valentina Ortalizio, Ms Valeria Tisalvi (LUISS School of Government); Dr Stefanie Frey, Melani, Ltc Franz Landenhammer, Maj Nikolaos Pissanidis, Dr Lauri Linström, Mr Henry Röigas, Maj Christian Tschida (NATO CCDCoE). STOA ADMINISTRATOR RESPONSIBLE Zsolt G. Pataki Scientific Foresight Unit (STOA) Directorate for Impact Assessment and European Added Value Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services European Parliament, Rue Wiertz 60, 1047 Brussels Email: [email protected] LINGUISTIC VERSION Original: EN ABOUT THE PUBLISHER To contact STOA or to subscribe to its newsletter please write to: [email protected] This document is available on the internet at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/stoa/. Manuscript completed in May 2017 Brussels, © European Union, 2017 DISCLAIMER This document is prepared for, and addressed to, the Members and staff of the European Parliament as background material to assist them in their parliamentary work. The content of the document is the sole responsibility of its author(s) and any opinions expressed herein should not be taken to represent an official position of the Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the European Parliament is given prior notice and sent a copy. PE 603.175 ISBN 978-92-846-1058-7 doi: 10.2861/853031 QA-04-17-454-EN-N 2 Cybersecurity in the EU Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) Contents 1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................... 5 2. METHODOLOGY AND STUDY STRUCTURE................................................................................... 6 2.1. STUDY STRUCTURE.................................................................................................................................. 6 3. CHALLENGES FOR CYBERDEFENCE.................................................................................................. 7 3.1. POLICY CHALLENGES.............................................................................................................................. 7 3.1.1. The delicate balance between sovereignty and central powers and responsibilities ........................ 7 3.1.2. The complex set of mandates within EU institutions ..................................................................... 9 3.1.3. Cyberspace as a separate domain of operation and application of existing law of armed conflicts 10 3.1.4. Hybrid technologies — drones used in conflicts ........................................................................... 11 3.1.5. The issue of commonly agreed definitions and taxonomy ............................................................. 11 3.1.6. The number and diversity of the actors involved in cyberdefence................................................. 12 3.1.7. Military and civilian overlaps in cyberdefence — a blurry borderline ......................................... 15 3.1.8. The limited availability of updated and reliable data to support policy development ................... 15 3.2. CYBERNORMS........................................................................................................................................ 16 3.2.1. Technological innovation and the need for cybernorms ................................................................ 16 3.2.2. International efforts on cybernorms and the role of the European Union..................................... 17 3.2.3. Confidence-building measures ...................................................................................................... 19 4. CAPACITY BUILDING ........................................................................................................................... 21 4.1. MODELS FOR MEASURING CYBERCAPACITY......................................................................................... 21 4.2. CAPACITY BUILDING IN THE EUROPEAN UNION................................................................................. 22 4.2.1. Capacity building and cybersecurity strategies ............................................................................ 23 4.2.2. Cooperation between public stakeholders ...................................................................................... 25 4.2.3. Trust building ............................................................................................................................... 26 4.2.4. Resourcing .................................................................................................................................... 26 4.2.5. Common approach for cybersecurity and privacy......................................................................... 27 4.2.6. Risk analysis.................................................................................................................................. 27 4.2.7. Contribution from the private sector............................................................................................. 28 4.2.8. Public–private partnerships .......................................................................................................... 28 4.3. EFFORTS IN CAPACITY BUILDING BEYOND THE EU.............................................................................. 29 4.3.1. Council of Europe.......................................................................................................................... 29 4.3.2. Other international cybercapacity-building initiatives................................................................. 30 4.4. ATTRIBUTION OF CYBERATTACKS......................................................................................................... 32 4.4.1. Policy issues .................................................................................................................................. 33 3 STOA — Science and technology options assessment 4.4.2. Existing tools and methods ........................................................................................................... 33 4.4.3. Improving attribution through capacity building......................................................................... 35 5. CYBERDEFENCE AND THE EU COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY ................. 36 5.1. UNDERSTANDING CYBERTHREATS TO THE CSDP ............................................................................... 36 5.1.1. Political/strategic threat assessment ............................................................................................. 37 5.1.2. Technical/tactical threat assessment ............................................................................................. 39 5.1.3. Operating spaces ..........................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Strengthening the Eastern Frontier 2
    Strengthening the Eastern Frontier 2 Published by the Centre for Euro-Atlantic Integration and Democracy (CEID) Csipke út, 3/b - 1125 Budapest, Hungary www.ceid.hu Editor: Dániel Bartha Authors: Dániel Bartha, Hanna Shelesht, Martin Michelot, András Rácz, Botond Feledy, Kamil Mazurek, Tomasz Smura, Denys Bohush, Tomas Nagy, Kacper Rękawek Cover design, page layout and printing: Origami Europe Ltd. ISBN 978-963-12-9872-7 (printed) ISBN 978-963-12-9873-4 (pdf) Copyright: CEID, 2017 This book is published with the financial support of the International Visegrad Fund (IVF) in the framework of “V4+ Security – Strengthening the Eastern Frontier of the V4” project co-financed by the International Visegrád Fund (IVF). 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 6 Visegrad Support to the Security Sector of Ukraine 7 Introduction...............................................................................................................7 Poland...............................................................................................................7 Czech Republic...............................................................................................................9 Slovakia...............................................................................................................10 Hungary...............................................................................................................10 Conclusions...............................................................................................................11 V4 Defence Planning
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 May Veliko Tarnovo 4Th CSDP Olympiad Booklet.Pdf
    4th COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY OLYMPIAD Residential phase, 21 - 25 May 2018 at Vasil Levski NMU, Veliko Tarnovo, under the auspices of the Bulgarian Presidency of the Council of the European Union and the European Security and Defence College, Brussels, Belgium Publication of the Vasil Levski National Military University Editor: Colonel Prof. Dr. Veselin MADANSKI, Colonel Assoc. Prof. Nevena ATANASOVA - KRASTEVA, PhD Language Editor: Senior Instructor Marina RAYKOVA Disclaimer: Any views or opinions presented in this booklet are solely those of the authors. © Vasil Levski National Military University, Veliko Tarnovo, BULGARIA, 2018 ISBN 978-954-753-278-6 2 CONTENTS Table of Contents .......................................................................................................... 3 History of the CSDP Olympiad ................................................................................ 5 History of the Vasil Levski NMU, Veliko Tarnovo ........................................... 8 OPENING CEREMONY SPEECHES ....................................................................... 10 Speech of the Deputy-Minister of the Bulgarian Presidency of the EU Council ................................................................................................................ 10 CSDP Olympiad 2018 – Speech of the Chairman of the IG .......................... 13 Speech of the Head of the ESDC ............................................................................. 15 Speech of the Minister of Defence ........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • EU Diplomacy Papers European by Force and by Will: Portugal and the European Security and Defence Policy Hugo De Melo Palma
    European by Force and by Will: Portugal and the European Security and Defence Policy EU Diplomacy Papers 7 / 2009 Hugo de Melo Palma Department of EU International Relations and Diplomacy Studies www.coleurope.eu Department of EU International Relations and Diplomacy Studies EU Diplomacy Papers 7/2009 European by Force and by Will: Portugal and the European Security and Defence Policy Hugo de Melo Palma © Hugo de Melo Palma 2009 Dijver 11 | BE-8000 Bruges, Belgium | Tel. +32 (0)50 477 251 | Fax +32 (0)50 477 250 | E-mail [email protected] | www.coleurope.eu/ird EU Diplomacy Paper 7/2009 About the Author Hugo de Melo Palma holds a BA in International Relations from the School of Political and Social Sciences of the Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal, and an MA in EU International Relations and Diplomacy Studies from the College of Europe in Bruges, Belgium. He was an intern at the Portuguese Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Instituto Camões) and at the Portuguese Atlantic Committee. Hugo de Melo Palma is currently an Academic Assistant in the Department of EU International Relations and Diplomacy Studies at the College of Europe. This paper is based on his Master’s thesis. Editorial Team: Benjamin Barton, André Ghione, Sieglinde Gstöhl, Dieter Mahncke, Jing Men, Anne- Claire Marangoni, Hugo Palma, Shannon Petry Dijver 11 | BE-8000 Bruges, Belgium | Tel. +32 (0)50 477 251 | Fax +32 (0)50 477 250 | E-mail [email protected] | www.coleurope.eu/ird Views expressed in the EU Diplomacy Papers are those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect positions of either the series editors or the College of Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Sectoral Qualifications Framework for the Military Officer Profession 
    Sectoral Qualifications Framework for the Military Officer Profession SQF-MILOF VOL 01 We inspire, we train, we challenge! This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the European Security and Defence College (ESDC) and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union. Edited by Col (RO A) Alin BODESCU, PhD, ESDC Training Manager Reviewed by: Dr Sylvain PAILE-CALVO: Senior Researcher in European Studies, University of Liège, Belgium Mrs. Joana CALDEIRA: Higher Education Expert, Ministry of Defence, Portugal Mr. Nelson Davide SILVA REIS: Higher Education Expert, Ministry of Defence, Portugal Col (IT A) Gianluca CARRIERO: Joint Education Coordination Officer, Centre for Defence Higher How to use this publication? Studies, Italy The Sectoral Qualifications Framework for the Military Officer Profession - SQF-MILOF package is published in two volumes. Volume 1 describes the SQF-MILOF rationale and context and the development, validation and roadmaps for implementation. It has both historical and documentary value. Volume 2 is more technical, where interested practitioners can find useful information such as the Competence Profile or the taxonomy of learning outcomes in the tabular format of the SQF-MILOF and MILOF-CORE. Neither the European Security and Defence College nor any person acting on behalf of the European Security and Defence College is responsible for the use that might be made of the following information. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2021 © European Security and Defence College, 2021 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.
    [Show full text]
  • Defence College and Its Contribution to the Common Security and Defence Culture
    The European Security and Defence College and its contribution to the Common Security and Defence Culture A 15 year journey We inspire, we train, we challenge! ©iStock.com/the-lightwriter The European Security and Defence College and its contribution to the Common Security and Defence Culture A 15 year journey Edited by Ilias Katsagounos With forwards by Josep Borrell Fontelles High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice-President of the European Commission (HR/VP) Niels Annen, . Any views or opinions presented in this publication are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the European Union or the European Security and Defence College or the Institutions that the authors represent , Imprint Editor: Dr. Ilias Katsagounos Publication of the European Security and Defence College . Manuscript completed in July 2020 Neither the European Security and Defence College nor any person acting on behalf of the European Security and Defence College is responsible for the use that might be made of the following information. .!"!" Print ISBN 978-92-95201-29-3 doi:10.2855/721679 QW-01-20-212-EN-C PDF ISBN 978-92-95201-28-6 doi:10.2855/459605 QW-01-20-212-EN-N $%&!"!" Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the copyright of the European $%&' CONTENT Josep Borrell Fontelles High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Vice-President of the European Commission 5 Foreword by the German EU Council Presidency Niels Annen, .
    [Show full text]
  • Information Report
    No. 626 SENATE EXTRAORDINARY SESSION OF 2018-2019 Filed at the President's Office of the Senate on 3 July 2019 INFORMATION REPORT DRAWN UP on behalf of the Foreign Affairs, Defence and Armed Forces Committee (1) by the Working Group on European Defence, By Mr Ronan LE GLEUT and Ms Hélène CONWAY-MOURET, Senators (1) This committee is composed of: Christian Cambon, Chairman; Pascal Allizard, Bernard Cazeau, Robert del Picchia, Sylvie Goy-Chavent, Jean-Noël Guérini, Joël Guerriau, Pierre Laurent, Cédric Perrin, Gilbert Roger, Jean-Marc Todeschini, Deputy Chairpersons; Olivier Cigolotti, Joëlle Garriaud-Maylam, Philippe Paul, Marie-Françoise Perol-Dumont, Secretaries; Jean-Marie Bockel, Gilbert Bouchet, Michel Boutant, Olivier Cadic, Alain Cazabonne, Pierre Charon, Hélène Conway-Mouret, Édouard Courtial, René Danesi, Gilbert-Luc Devinaz, Jean-Paul Émorine, Bernard Fournier, Jean-Pierre Grand, Claude Haut, Gisèle Jourda, Jean-Louis Lagourgue, Robert Laufoaulu, Ronan Le Gleut, Jacques Le Nay, Rachel Mazuir, François Patriat, Gérard Poadja, Ladislas Poniatowski, Mmes Christine Prunaud, Isabelle Raimond-Pavero, Stéphane Ravier, Hugues Saury, Bruno Sido, Rachid Temal, Raymond Vall, André Vallini, Yannick Vaugrenard, Jean-Pierre Vial, and Richard Yung. - 3 - CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... 7 FOREWORD ..........................................................................................................................11 PART ONE - THE EUROPEAN
    [Show full text]
  • Hacia Un Concepto Ampliado De La Defensa: La Dimensión Civil De La Seguridad En España Y En El Marco De Las Organizaciones Internacionales”
    Hacia un concepto ampliado de defensa: La dimensión civil de la seguridad en España y en el marco de las organizaciones internacionales Documento CITpax nº 9 Febrero de 2009 Patrocina Colabora Centro Internacional de Toledo para la Paz – CITpax 2009 Todos los documentos del CITpax están disponibles en nuestra página web: www.citpax.org Los puntos de vista expresados en este documento, no reflejan necesariamente la opinión del CITpax Diseño y maquetación, Departamento de comunicación, CITpax El Centro Internacional de Toledo para la Paz (CITpax) es una fundación sin ánimo de lucro que tiene como objetivo contribuir a la prevención y resolución de conflictos, la gestión de crisis y la consolidación de la paz en el marco del respeto y promoción de los derechos humanos y los valores democráticos. CARTA DE PRESENTACIÓN La celebración del Seminario “Hacia un concepto ampliado de defensa: la dimensión civil de la seguridad en España y en el marco de las organizaciones internacionales” ha sido posible gracias a la cooperación del CITpax con dos instituciones europeas de prestigio: Crisis Management Initiative y Fundación Europea Madariaga/Colegio de Europa. Queremos agradecer a la Dirección General de Relaciones Institucionales del Ministerio de Defensa y a la Casa de Galicia en Madrid la confianza depositada en este proyecto - y en la institución responsable de llevarlo a cabo. Su apoyo financiero y material respectivamente, han permitido poner en marcha una reflexión sobre la importancia de no limitar nuestra seguridad y defensa nacional al ámbito exclusivamente militar. Al hilo de lo anterior, cabe resaltar que este Seminario ha buscado concienciar a la sociedad civil y a las autoridades políticas nacionales de que la seguridad y la defensa tienen una importantísima dimensión civil que debe ser desarrollada en su plenitud para lograr una acción exterior orientada a la paz y la seguridad internacional más completa, más coherente y más eficaz.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Security & Defence Policy Module
    Common Security and Defence Policy module Hellenic Air Force Academy Dekelia, 4-8/4/2016 Common Security & Defence Policy Module Hellenic Air Force Academy Dekelia, 4-8/4/2016 External Evaluation Report Prepared by: Lt. Colonel (HAF) Georgios Kanterakis, PhD EL National Representative, H2020/Secure Societies PC - 1 - External Evaluation Report Common Security and Defence Policy module Hellenic Air Force Academy Dekelia, 4-8/4/2016 Table of Contents 0. Table of Abbreviations & Acronyms………………………………………………………... 3 1. Executive Summary................................................................................................................. 6 2. Introduction..................................................................................................................... ......... 7 3. Main aspects of the CSDP Module........................................................................................ 9 4. Academic Aspects of the CSDP module................................................................................ 15 5. CSDP Module Evaluation.................................................................................................... .... 19 6. Conclusions.................................................................................................................. ............ 26 List of Annexes: Annex I: CSDP Course Curriculum Annex II: CSDP Course Programme Annex III: Examples of delivered Certificates Annex IV: CSDP Module Involved Personnel - 2 - External Evaluation Report Common Security and Defence Policy module
    [Show full text]
  • Research for CULT Committee – Europe for Citizens: New Programme Implementation – First Experiences
    Europe for Citizens: Towards the Next Programme Generation _________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 4 LIST OF TABLES 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 1. PARTICIPATION AND REMEMBRANCE – CURRENT CHALLENGES AND PROMISES 7 2. EUROPE FOR CITIZENS – OBJECTIVES AND STRUCTURE 11 2.1 Objectives of the EfC Programme 11 2.2 Structure of the EfC Programme 15 2.3 Europe for Citizens and other EU actions 17 3. EXPERIENCES OF THE BENEFICIARIES 19 4. DECISION MAKING VIA DELEGATED AND IMPLEMENTING ACTS 25 5. RECOMMENDATIONS 29 REFERENCES 37 ANNEX: CITIZENSHIP – THEORETICAL POINTS OF DEPARTURE 44 3 Policy Department for Structural and Cohesion Policies __________________________________________________________________ LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CULT Culture and Education Committee EACEA Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency EfC Europe for Citizens EHL European Heritage Label EC European Commission ECI European Citizens’ Initiative EP European Parliament EU European Union EYCH European Year of Cultural Heritage OMC Open Method of Coordination REC Rights, Equality and Citizenship TFEU Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Beneficiaries’ responses by country 19 4 Europe for Citizens: Towards the Next Programme Generation _________________________________________________________________ SUMMARY We are not born as citizens but we become citizens by acting as citizens and by using citizens’ rights. The Europe for Citizens programme can support citizens in their processes of becoming citizens. Citizenship is a key element of democracy, and citizens’ participation is needed for democracy to function. Its unique combination of remembrance and participation makes the EfC programme a platform in which citizenship can be addressed and promoted as a complex agency – beyond the narrow understanding of citizenship as a legal status or as an entitlement to electoral rights.
    [Show full text]
  • European Education and Training for Young Officers
    EUROPEAN EDUCATION AND TRAINING FOR YOUNG OFFICERS THE EUROPEAN INITIATIVE FOR THE EXCHANGE OF YOUNG OFFICERS, INSPIRED BY ERASMUS Numéro de projet: 2014.2573 Titre: European Education and Training for Young Of!cers. WRITTEN BY SYLVAIN PAILE The European Initiative for the Exchange of Young Of!cers, Inspired by Erasmus Version linguistique Numéro de catalogue ISBN DOI EN QW-04-14-168-EN-C 978-92-95201-01-9 10.2855/12912 EUROPEAN EDUCATION AND TRAINING FOR YOUNG OFFICERS THE EUROPEAN INITIATIVE FOR THE EXCHANGE OF YOUNG OFFICERS, INSPIRED BY ERASMUS written by Sylvain Paile Brussels, March 2014 Disclaimer: Any views or opinions presented in this handbook are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the European Union. Imprint: Publication of the European Security and Defence College (ESDC) ER 02/10, EEAS/ESDC 1046 Brussels, Belgium Author: Sylvain Paile Photo credits of the front page: Air Force Academy of Spain, Austrian Armed Forces/Theresan Military Academy, European Union Naval Force, Military Academy of Portugal, Naval School of France Layout: Axel Scala, Armed Forces Printing Centre, Vienna © European Union, 2014 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged Numéro de projet: 2014.2573 Titre: European Education and Training for Young Of"cers. The European Initiative for the Exchange of Young Of"cers, Inspired by Erasmus Version linguistique Numéro de catalogue ISBN DOI EN QW-04-14-168-EN-C 978-92-95201-01-9 10.2855/12912 Printed and bound by: Federal Ministry of Defence and Sports Printed according to the Austrian Ecolabel for printedmatter, Armed Forces Printing Centre, Vienna/Austria Austrian Federal MinistryofDefence and Sports/ BMLVS 0763/14 Armed Forces Printing Centre, UW-Nr.
    [Show full text]
  • European Education and Training for Young Officers
    Harald Gell Sylvain Paile-Calvo Symeon Zambas EUROPEAN EDUCATION AND TRAINING FOR YOUNG OFFICERS European Initiative for the Exchange of young Officers, inspired by Erasmus 2nd Edition WIR SCHÜTZEN ÖSTERREICH. European Education and Training for young Officers European Initiative for the Exchange of young Officers, inspired by Erasmus Harald Gell – Sylvain Paile-Calvo – Symeon Zambas 2nd Edition Imprint: Publication of the Republic of Austria/Federal Minister of Defence Medium Owner and Producer: Republic of Austria, Federal Minister of Defence Rossauer Lände 1, 1090 Vienna/Austria Published by: Theresan Military Academy, Wiener Neustadt/Austria Authors: Col Assoc. Prof. Harald Gell, PhD, MSc, MSD, MBA - Theresan Military Academy Dr. Sylvain Paile-Calvo - University of Liège, National Military University of Bulgaria LtCol Symeon Zambas - European Security and Defence College Layout: WO I Reinhard Rauch - Theresan Military Academy Sources of the pictures for the cover page and the forewords: • Austrian Theresan Military Academy (LtCol Lampersberger and WO I Seeger). • Cypriot Ministry of Defence. • European External Action Service. Available from https://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/china/ 15663/high-representative-union-foreign-affairs-and-security-policy-vice-president-european_en. • European Security and Defence College. Available from https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/ headquarters-homepage/34091/dirk-dubois-presents-new-esdc-booklet-september-2017- february-2018_en. • European Union Operation EUNAVFOR Somalia “Atalanta”. • Irish Defence Forces Training Centre. • Slovakian Armed Forces Academy of General M. R. Štefánik. Printed and bound by: Armed Forces Printing Centre, Vienna/Austria 18-02175 All rights reserved. The authors are solely responsible for the content. Any kind of duplication, even in part, is prohibited by law.
    [Show full text]
  • Integration in the European Higher Education Area: the Case of Military Education Francisco José Callado-Muñoz and Natalia Utrero-González
    !"# $!%#&'$(% '))***+ $ #!+ #&)!#) ($ # %, #'$%(% $ #$$ % $#&! $- $ # .$ #"#/0$!!$ #1 2#34$ $!$5 #6#37!3 8# %$ ! !"#$% &' (& %& #& )* + ,-) . ,-/$# 0 12 343560 !0 61 1!4 8#!9 # %$ ! ! "# $ % ! & % ' !( ) * )% % ! * )+ #%, %% -.#/+ 0%!!% !%0 % )))% 0 ! # %! & %10 #% 2& %+ 30 0 DEFENCE STUDIES https://doi.org/10.1080/14702436.2019.1681897 ARTICLE Integration in the European higher education area: the case of military education Francisco José Callado-Muñoz and Natalia Utrero-González Centro Universitario de la Defensa Zaragoza, Academia General Militar, Zaragoza, Spain ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Military training has always been considered as an education sys- Received 12 June 2019 tem with its own characteristics that distinguished it from the rest Accepted 15 October 2019 ff of higher education. However, di erent initiatives have been devel- KEYWORDS oped in order to integrate military education in the European European higher education Higher Education Area (EHEA). This paper analyses the European area; higher education system of military institutions of higher education (MHEI). Results institutions; institutional indicate MHEI sector has distinctive features that have increased the characteristics; military diversity of European HEIs. Further, the emergence of the MHEI universities sector can have benefits for both the European defence and their educational attainment. From a defence point of view, it can help the development of a European strategic culture and increase cooperation between countries in defence and security. From the education area modernisation, it will improve defence and security related research and may enhance defence knowledge transfer. In this way, the MHEI sector will be positioned as key player in the development of the Common Security and Defence Policy and a European strategic culture. Introduction The evolution of the international security landscape has had significant implications for military professionalism, multinational military relations and alliances (Williams 2008).
    [Show full text]