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A Pilot Survey of the Avifauna of Rangdum Valley, Kargil, Ladakh (Indian Trans-Himalaya)

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A Pilot Survey of the Avifauna of Rangdum Valley, Kargil, Ladakh (Indian Trans-Himalaya) Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 May 2015 | 7(6): 7274–7281 A pilot survey of the avifauna of Rangdum Valley, Kargil, Ladakh (Indian Trans-Himalaya) ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) 1 2 3 Short Communication Short Tanveer Ahmed , Afifullah Khan & Pankaj Chandan ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 1,2 Aligarh Muslim University, Department of Wildlife Sciences, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India OPEN ACCESS 3 WWF-India, 172-B, Lodhi Estate, New Delhi 110003, India 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected],3 [email protected] Abstract: An avifaunal survey of Rangdum Valley in Kargil District, Pradesh) and Ladakh (Jammu & Kashmir) at an average Jammu & Kashmir, India was carried out between June and July 2011. altitude of over 4000m. In Ladakh, studies on avifauna McKinnon’s species richness and total count methods were used. A total of 69 species were recorded comprising six passage migrants, were initiated by A.L. Adam as early as 1859 (Adam 25 residents, 36 summer visitors and three vagrants. The recorded 1859). Some avifaunal surveys in this region were species represents seven orders and 24 families, accounting for 23% th of the species known from Ladakh. A majority of the bird species are carried out in early 20 century (Ludlow 1920; Wathen insectivores. 1923; Osmaston 1925, 1927). Later, more studies on avian species in different parts of Ladakh were Keywords: Avifauna, feeding guild, Ladakh, Rangdum Valley, status. carried out by Holmes (1986), Mallon (1987), Mishra & Humbert-Droz (1998), Singh & Jayapal (2000), Pfister The Himalaya constitute one of the richest and (2001), Namgail (2005), Sangha & Naoroji (2005a,b), most unique ecosystems on the earth. Two of the ten Hussain & Pandav (2008) and Namgail et al. (2009). bio-geographic zones of India stretch along the main Specific studies of certain species were also carried out Himalaya and the Trans-Himalaya (Rodgers & Panwar in Ladakh by Hussain (1985), Gole (1993), Pfister (1998), 1988). The Trans-Himalaya are a unique and a fragile Chandan et al. (2014) and Khan et al. (2014). Other biome characterized by low productivity, high intensity studies include William & Delany (1985, 1986), Naoroji of solar radiation, extreme weather conditions and a & Forsman (2001), Sangha (2001), Sangha & Naoroji high degree of resource seasonality. A major portion of (2004, 2005a,b), and Sangha et al. (2003). the Trans-Himalaya in India, is in Lahul-Spiti (Himachal Earlier studies on birds in Ladakh were largely carried Leucosticte brandti Brandt’s Mountain Finch NOT DATA NEAR CRITICALLY EXTINCT LEAST VULNERABLE ENDANGERED EXTINCT EVALUATED DEFICIENT CONCERN THREATENED ENDANGERED IN THE WILD NE DD LC NT VU EN CR EW EX DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o3965.7274-81 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:78A3664B-A0B6-46F1-8EB6-F8212744A683 Editor: C. Srinivasulu, Osmania University, Telangana, India. Date of publication: 26 May 2015 (online & print) Manuscript details: Ms # o3965 | Received 13 March 2014 | Final received 11 April 2015 | Finally accepted 24 April 2015 Citation: Ahmed, T., A. Khan & P. Chandan (2015). A pilot survey of the avifauna of Rangdum Valley, Kargil, Ladakh (Indian Trans-Himalaya). Journal of Threatened Taxa 7(6): 7274–7281; http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o3965.7274-81 Copyright: © Ahmed et al. 2015. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this article in any medium, reproduction and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication. Funding: WWF-India. Competing interests:The authors declare no competing interests. Acknowledgements: The authors are grateful to WWF, India for providing infrastructural support which facilitated our field work. Our special thanks to Mr. Ravi Singh, Secretary General and CEO, WWF-India and Dr. Sejal Worah, Programme Director, WWF-India for their support and encouragement to work in Ladakh. Thanks are due to Mr. Jigmet Takpa, CCF and Regional Wildlife Warden, Ladakh and Mr. Abdul Rauf, Wildlife Warden, Department of Wildlife Protection Leh for granting permission to work in the area. Our deepest thanks are towards the residents of Rangdum Valley for accepting us into their community and supporting our efforts. 7274 Avifauna of Kargil, Ladakh Ahmed et al. 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The total count method was used to enumerate 50 44 45 water birds. The investigator either walked around the 40 35 wetland or stood at a vantage point and scanned the 30 entire wetland. The bird species were identified using 25 20 13 the Nikon binoculars (8x40) and their numbers were 15 Number of speices counted (Images 2–8). Field identification of species was 10 5 5 1 2 1 1 2 verified with the help of various field guides (Ali et al. 0 1995; Grimmett et al. 1998). The birds were categorized according to their feeding guild and migratory status Galliformes Orders based on Ali & Ripley (1987). Anseriformes Upupiformes Cuculiformes Apodiformes Ciconiformes Columbiformes Passeriformes Figure 2. Order-wise species richness of birds observed in Rangdum Analysis Valley, Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India Abundance: The abundance status of each species was assessed on a frequency scale as per the following Table 1. Number and percentage of species under different residential categories: rare = (0–5 sightings); common = (6–25 status in Rangdum Valley, Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India sightings); abundant = (26–50 sighting); very abundant = (>51 sightings). Status Number of species Percentages Sorenson’s Similarity Index: The avian species 1 Resident 25 36.23 similarity between different habitats was calculated 2 Passage migrant 6 8.70 using the following formula. 3 Summer visitor 35 50.72 S = 2C/A+B, where, 4 Vagrant 3 4.35 C = common species between the habitats A = total number of species in habitat A B = total number of species in habitat B Table 2. Number and percentage of bird species in different abundance categories in Rangdum Valley, Ladakh, Jammu & Results and Discussion Kashmir, India During the study a total of 69 species were Abundance Number of species Percentages encountered belonging to seven orders and 24 families 1 Very Abundant 19 27.54 (Appendix 1). It accounts for 23% of the species known so 2 Abundant 7 10.14 far from Ladakh (Pfister 2004). A low diversity of birdlife 3 Common 19 27.54 can be attributed to extremely harsh climatic conditions, 4 Rare 24 34.78 topography, low vegetative cover and scanty rainfall in Rangdum Valley. The correlation of bird diversity with topography, precipitation and an interaction between topography and latitude had already been validated residents (36.23%) and passage migrants (8.70%). A (Rahbek & Graves 2001). The outcome of our finding few species (4.35%) were vagrants in the study area is in line with an earlier
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