9001-2015 Cerfied Instute -INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MILLETS RESEARCH OF MILLETS -INDIAN INSTITUTE ISO An Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, INDIA - Hyderabad Rajendranagar, www.millets.res.in ICAR Annual Report Annual 2019 ISSN-0972-6608 MILLETS

ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad : Annual Report 2019 www.millets.res.in Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, INDIA - Hyderabad Rajendranagar, -INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MILLETS RESEARCH MILLETS OF -INDIAN INSTITUTE Tel: 040-24599301 (Director); 24599300 (General); Email: [email protected] 24599300 (General); 040-24599301 (Director); Tel: ICAR ISSN-0972-6608 Visitors

IIMR Received ICAR's Sardar Patel Outstanding Instute Award-2018 Annual Report 2019

ICAR-INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MILLETS RESEARCH Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, INDIA

1 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

ISSN-0972-6608

Correct Citation ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research 2019. Annual Report 2019. Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, India 112 p.

Editors Dr. R Madhusudhana Dr. PG Padmaja Dr. Deepika Cheruku Dr. KV Raghavendra Rao Dr. Vilas A Tonapi

Photo Credits Mr. HS Gawali

Published by Director ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research (IIMR) Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, India Phone :+91-40-24599301 Fax:+91-40-24599304 Web: www.millets.res.in

Printed at Balaji Scan Pvt. Ltd. Nampally, Hyderabad

2 Preface

t is a matter of immense pleasure and great Isatisfaction to bring out the Annual Report 2019 of ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research (ICAR-IIMR), an ISO 9001:2015 certified institute with the great tradition of carrying out research, and training in the area of millets science. ICAR-IIMR is the only and world’s largest research institute on millets, mandated to work on basic and strategic research for improving productivity, profitability, and sustainability of millet cultivation under rainfed and other ecosystems to usher in nutritional security. IIMR is a frontrunner in developing millet varietal and hybrid technologies apart from value addition, value chain integration, entrepreneur development, and agribusiness incubation. The institute also coordinates the largest network of multi-disciplinary multi-location testing program of sorghum and small millets and facilitates coordination on AICRP on Pearl Millet, thus providing effective linkage with seed production, outreach and developmental agencies.

With great pride and satisfaction, we would like to submit that Indian Institute of Millets Research has been conferred with “ICAR’s Sardar Patel Outstanding Institution Award -2018”. It is a true reflection of dedication and impact of institutional work across the canvas from crop improvement to technology transfer and value chain integration to carry forward our efforts to usher in the food and nutrition security across the drylands. Thus, our resolve to rededicate ourselves to fulfill the aspirations of millet farmers to double their income, economic status and improved livelihood has gained greater momentum.

During this year, the millet genetic resources were further enriched with new millet germplasm collections, trait characterization, and their supply to bonafide users of the country. Basic and strategic crop improvement activities were diversified in millet crops to strengthen genetic material development with varied end-user traits. Suitable early-medium duration kharif and rabi sorghum hybrids have been developed to break the yield plateau. New dwarfkharif sorghum hybrids with high harvest index suitable to rice-fallows have been developed. Derivatives from sorghum x maize cross for high biomass and sweet stalk traits and sorghum mutant lines for varied traits are noteworthy. Marker-assisted breeding to incorporate terminal drought tolerance in rabi sorghum, novel brown midrib genes in high biomass lines has led to national release of first BMR based sorghum cultivar– JAICAR Nutrigraze. Identified sorghum lines with high iron and zinc would also contribute to mitigating the problems of malnutrition and zero hunger.

New initiatives on developing high yielding pearl millet hybrids, lines with better shelf-life, high biomass identifying genes for drought and heat tolerance may pave way for high dividends in the near feature. Institute has also made significant strides in small millets in terms of identifying trait specific donors, novel traits and germplasm lines, crossing techniques, induced variability for better genetic gains in these crops. Findings from seed science in small millets may help to reduce the post-

3 IIMR-Annual Report 2019 maturity grain yield and quality losses. Research leads from the experiments on millet insects and diseases, crop management, crop physiology, biochemistry, DUS testing activities, value addition, and commercialization have effectively progressed to enhance the millet crop productivity in the country. Seed production, extension activities, front-line demonstrations, and several advanced training and millets based entrepreneurship development programs have greatly helped in the transfer of technology. Towards commercialization of millet technologies, 13 MoU’s were signed. I congratulate the staff of IIMR who contributed to the advancement of basic and strategic research on millets and development of millet-based technologies and received prestigious awards and recognitions and brought laurels to the Institute.

This year is also significant in that the scientists of the institute were conferred with several national and international awards and fellowships. The institute has published 25 research articles in reputed international and national journals, published 4 books, 15 book chapters, several international and national conference abstracts and other publications. All these scientific feats would be contributing to the efforts towards doubling of farmers’ income. Several externally funded projects with an outlay of 1160 lakhs were operational this year.

We are thankful to Dr. Trilochan Mohapatra, Secretary (DARE), and Director General, ICAR; Dr. TR Sharma, Dy. Director General (Crop Science), ICAR, Dr. AK Singh, Former Dy. Director General (Horticulture & Crop Science); ICAR; Dr. Dinesh Kumar, Former ADG (FFC), ICAR and Dr. YP Singh, ADG (FFC), ICAR and several other administrative functionaries at the headquarters for their guidance and generous support in implementing the mandate of the institute. I convey my gratitude to the Chairman and members of the IIMR-Research Advisory Committee, Quinquennial Review Team, Institute Management Committee for their critical appraisal and advice in improving the research programs and impact of institute’s work. we place on record our sincere thanks to the National, International, Non-Governmental and Private organizations that have been supporting us in our accomplishments.

The scientists, technical personnel, administrative, finance and other staff of the institute have put in their best efforts in accomplishing the mandate of the Institute. I extend my appreciation to all of them. My sincere admiration to Dr. R Madhusudhana, Dr. PG Padmaja, Dr. C Deepika, Dr. KV Raghavendra Rao and Mr. HS Gawali for their efforts and cooperation in bringing out this annual report right on time.

Hyderabad Vilas A Tonapi 12 March, 2020 Director

4 Contents

1. Executive Summary ...... 1 2. The Institute ...... 5 3. Research Accomplishments ...... 7 A. Genetic resources ...... 7 B. Crop Improvement ...... 8 i. Sorghum ...... 8 ii. Pearl millet ...... 20 iii. Small millets ...... 24 C. Molecular breeding ...... 30 D. Biotechnology ...... 32 E. Seed Science ...... 35 F. Crop Health ...... 36 G. Crop production ...... 42 H. Bio-chemistry & Functional Foods ...... 45 I. Value-addition and Commercialization ...... 47 J. Extension Research ...... 52

4. Training & Capacity Building ...... 55 5. Awards and Recognitions ...... 64 6. Linkages and Collaboration ...... 67 7. HIghlights of All India Coordinated Research Project on Sorghum ...... 69 8. Publications ...... 71 9. On-going Research Projects ...... 77 10. RAC and IRC meetings and significant decisions ...... 80 11. Participation in Conference, Symposia, Seminars, Workshops and Meetings ...... 82 12. Meetings, Field days and Exhibition Stalls ...... 85 13. Distinguished visitors ...... 93 14. Personnel ...... 95

15. Major Events ...... 97

16. Infrastructure development ...... 103

17. Implementation of Official Language ...... 105

5 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

Little Millet

6 Executive Summary 1

Genetic Resource Management • QTL were identified for deadhearts (4), eggs per • New 125 millet accessions, sorghum (59), Finger plant (4) and seedling leaf surface glossiness (3) millet (25), Foxtail millet (15), Pearl millet (14), Little using sorghum minicore set. millet (8) and Proso millet (4) were collected. • Marker-assisted backcross progenies of CRS4 and • 4313 accessions were characterized for 9 RSLG262 were found superior for physiological quantitative and 15 qualitative traits. traits over recurrent parents. • Various millet accessions (5,582) were muplitied, • CMS SL 19B and males SLR 13, SLR 24 and SLR 30 and 7,041 accessions of millets genetic resources were good general combiners for grain yield and were distributed to the bona fide users in the the female SL 12B and male SLR 10 and SLR 27 were country. good general combiners for earliness. • IC numbers for 83 millet accessions collected from Odisha were received. • Twenty-four double cross hybrids were developed for broadening the genetic base of rabi sorghum. • IC0632083 and IC0632070 were registered with NBPGR, New Delhi. • Rabi sorghum genotypes CRS-75, and CRS-77 were found to be highly adaptable over varied soil depths. Crop improvement Sorghum • Genotype IC 392156, IC 392155 and (E228 x IC • A medium maturing hybrid, 1194A x CB33 recorded 392156) were found resistant to charocaol rot 20% grain yield advantage over CSH25, and one disease. early hybrid, 372A x CB33 recorded 28% higher grain • Promising selections, 4738-2, 4786-2, 44793 and yield over CSH30. 4722 for grain iron and zinc content were made. • Under rice-fallow sorghum, RFSH1 and RFSH5 sorghum hybrids wit 9-10 q/ha grain yield were • DUS trials of sorghum as per the PPV&FR Authority most preferred by the farmers. test guidelines were conducted.

• GMN 16-4 was consistently good with panicle grain Pearl millet mold score (3.2) on par with the resistant line, • Hybrid 97111A x R4 exhibited 40.4% higher grain B58586. yield and 54.7% higher fodder yield over the best • Two promising sweet sorghum derivatives, SPV2595 check RHB 173 (27A of sorghum × CM211 of maize) and SPV2596 • For summer cultivation, hybrid 89111A x R48 (grain (MR750 of sorghum × CM208 of maize) were found yield of 4.99 t/ha) recorded 33.5% superior to the suitable for juice brix, total soluble sugars and best check 86M86. computed ethanol yield. • The variety (RSCN2103 x SSV84)-2-1-3-1-1-1-2 • The perl millet parental lines 04999B and 07999R recorded the highest fresh biomass yield of 70 t/ had low rancidity, and are ueful in breeding for ha and was 17% superior to the best check CSV19SS increased shelf-life of pearl millet. (60 t/ha). Entry (SPV1871 x SSV74)-5-2-1-1-1-1 • Inbreds, ICMX 1410852-2, ICMP 100230, ICMR recorded the highest ethanol yields of 1599 L ha-1 100591, ICMX 1410852-3 and ICMB 101724 showed and was 36% superior to the best check CSV24SS better RWC value and root traits. (11179 L ha-1)

1 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

Finger millet • 158 SSR-enriched fragments comprising of 83 of • The leaf chlorophyll virescence mutant 1 (vl1) little millet and 75 of kodo millet were isolated using isolated from improved variety Indaf 8 has the the modified SSR-enrichment protocol. potential to be utilized as early stage visual marker • Marker-assisted incorporation of brown midrib for hybridity test. genes, bmr2, bmr6, bmr12, into CSV20 and CSV27 is Little millet in advanced stage. • IC0483220, IC0483429, GPMR1153-2 were early • Six mutants (M27-4-1-25-896, M27-4-3-13-110, maturing. M27-4-3-13-112, M27-4-3-16-168, M27-23-2-13- 1103, M27-32-1-6-496) showed improvement over Foxtail millet control (PEC17) in the range of 2-13% for plant • Seven genotypes (Kempu Navane, ELS 43, CB- height, 1-6% for panicle length, 22-47% for grain GS-747/1, ERP 82, Haalu Navane, ERP 40 and ESD yield, 14-28% for stover yield and 2-18% in grain as 42) recorded grain yield advantage of 6-45% over well as in stover yield in the range of 7-42% for 100- the best check, SiA 326. seed weight. • Accessions GS1500, GS495, GS498, GS372, GS164, • Pearl millet lines, 07444R, 07222R and R35 showed GS763 and GS760 were high yielding, while GS2026, better lipid stability and hence better response to GS1308 and GS495 had bold seeds. high temperature stress. For lipid peroxidation, • For rust GS317, GS40, GS432, GS453, GS495 and 89111B was most affected by heat stress. GS760 exhibited highly resistant reaction. Ascorbate peroxidase, was most active in 04999B Kodo millet and 99222B. • Pollen sterility was increased with increasing Seed Science irradiation dose but the spikelet fertility was not • Seed physiological maturity in barnyard millet was affected much. Increase in pollen sterility ranged around 41 days after flowering, while in Kodo millet from 5-12% in RKS390-25, and 4 -19% in TNAU86. it was around 28-33 days. • Complete chaffy panicles were observed at 50oC of • In barnyard millet, there was no significant effect of hot water treatment for 3 and 5 min. plant density and fertilizer levels on seed yield and Proso millet quality. • Two entries selected from germplasm lines (IIMR- Crop Health 118 and IIMR-1) were found superior in the yield Disease management trials over checks. • Blast pathogen Pyricularia grisea infect finger millet Barnyard millet either on the spike or finger at flowering stage. • Stay-green trait, early ground cover, chlorophyll Accession GE140, 147, 168 and 416 showed least retention at later stages are contributing greatly to reduction of grain size due to finger blast. tolerance under moisture stress. • Investigationon charcoal rot in rabi sorghum, clearly Brown top millet revealed that Macrophomina phaseolina isolate • Wide variability was obderved among 32 germplasm causing seedling blight is the same causing charcoal lines of brown top millet. rot at maturity Biotechnology • In rabi sorghum, mancozeb seed treatment resulted • Variations in quality traits, protein content (8.31- in 58.45% control of CR incidence followed by 16.06 %), starch content (46.43-97.25 %) and elemental Sulphur (53.25%), soil application of amylase content (1.49-21.91 %) was observed in Neem cake @ 1t/ha (49.46%), Sulphur 80% WP association mapping panel. (48.38%) and Trichoderma viride (45.18%).

2 Executive Summary

• With soil application of bleaching powder, there was • High biomass GS3, LAD and sink number needs significant reduction (75%) in seedling blight in rabi to be incorporated in new parental lines for sorghum. enhancing yield potential. Insect Management • Per day grain productivity, biomass in GS3 stage, • Shoot fly resistant genotypes IS 18551, IS 5095 and SLW, LAD and HI are the simple criteria to select E12 had a higher peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase higher yielding kharif sorghum genotypes from enzymes activity compared with the susceptible segregating populations. genotypes DJ 6514, IS 27529 and IS 27865. Biochemistry • In barnyard millet, seed treatment with Thiomethoxam @25WDG @ 4 g / kg seed • Among all the small millets, mean protein content significantly reduced shoot fly incidence (23.67%) was lower in kodo millet (9.84 g 100g−1), higher in as compared to control plot (39.48%). Yield levels proso millet (13.21 g 100g−1). -1 in treated plot was higher (18.06 q ha ) than in • The highest mean starch content of 66.46 g 100g−1 -1 untreated plot (11.52 q ha ). was observed in kodo millet, while lowest starch • Larval parasitoid wasp, Neotrichoporoides content of 58.9 g 100g−1 was found in barnyard nyemitawus (Rohwer) was the most predominant millet. species found on several Atherigona spp. Two other • The mean fat contents of kodo and proso millet species N. beonus and N. viridimaculatus were also were lower and foxtail millet was noted as higher found parasitizing on Atherigona spp. in millets. than other small millets investigated. • The rabi sorghum cultivars, CSV14R, CSV216R, • Foxtail millet has higher zinc content and lower Solapur dagadi, CSH15R, CSV18 and CSV22 were in Kodo millet. Barnyard millet shows higher found moderately resistant for the shoot bug. content of calcium and lower is noted in Proso • The treatment of application of carbofuran 3G millet. Little millet shows higher concentration granules @ 20 kg/ha was the best to control pink of magnesium while barnyard millet shows low borer of finger millet. concentration of magnesium. Crop production • Refined APSIM setup with gridded NASA data Value Addition could be successfully used to simulate the yields • Parboiled millets have very less breakages and of rabi sorghum across different parts of India improved whole kernel recovery from 76 % to Crop Physiology 88 %. • Phenotyping kharif sorghum genotypes • keeping ragi pizza base at room temperature (inbreds, hybrids, and parents) for physiological for 3 days and for 6 days at chilling temperature basis of genetic gain in yield potential indicated was found safe for consumption that older cultivars SPV 462 and CSV 20 maintain • higher LAI and LAD than others. LAI & LAD has A non-dairy plant-based yoghurt which was showed significant positive relationship with lactose free was developed from sorghum and SLA, total biomass, while its relationship with soya milk. SLW was negative. Extension • Specific leaf weight (SLW) at flowering had • Primary processing facilities on millets helped the shown significant positive relationship (P≤0.05) farmers to realize higher income from dehulled with biomass, grains/m2 and grain yield. grains under enterprise module

3 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

• The demonstrated Kharif sorghum cultivars gave Awards 62% more grain yield and 39% stover yield over the • ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad local check across the locations. The demonstrated bagged prestigious “Sardar Patel Outstanding cultivars gave net returns of Rs. 41,240/- per ha on ICAR Institution Award 2018” in the small Institute the cost of Rs. 21,093/- per ha, which is 72% higher category, in recognition to its outstanding than to the local checks (Rs. 23,986/- per ha). performance. • The demonstrated rabi sorghum varieties gave 48% • Several national and international awards and higher grain and 42% fodder yields than the local fellowships were conferred to institute scientists checks. On an average, the demonstrated varieties including NABS-Best Woman Scientist Award, could earn net returns of Rs. 43,029/- on the cost Jagadiswari Rao Women Scientist Award-2019, Best of Rs. 23,010/- per ha, which is 61% higher than the Research Paper Award, Dr. BR Barwale Award, Dr. local checks. A.B. Joshi memorial award, fellowships, recognitions for mega sorghum varieties and others. Training & Capacity Building • Institute scientists and technical staff have Publications undergone several training programs to update their • The institute has brought out 25 research articles skills in several areas research, analytical techniques, in reputed international and national journals, personality development and management. published 3 books, 15 book chapters, several international and national conference abstracts and • Several training and workshops were organized by other publications. the Institute for the benefit of various stakeholders from across the country including digital field book, statistical data analysis, students research.

4 The Institute 2

he Indian Institute of Millets Research (ICAR-IIMR), Vision Hyderabad with its linkages with All India Coordinated T Our vision is to transform subsistence farming of millets Research Projects (AICRPs) on Sorghum, Pearl millet and into a globally competitive climate-resilient Nutri- Small millets has been instrumental in developing high yielding varieties and hybrids of Sorghum and Pearl Millet, cereal enterprise through crop improvement and value- and high yielding varieties of Small millets, as well as addition to meet food, feed, fodder, nutrition and bio- novel production, protection and product development fuel requirements of the country for equitable prosperity. technologies. The IIMR conducts basic and strategic research, while AICRPs on sorghum with 18 centres across 11 states, pearl millet with 14 centres located in Mandate of IIMR 10 states, and small millets with 14 centres over 9 states • Basic and strategic research to increase the undertake applied research and pilot extension work in a productivity of millets and their diversified utilization network mode. In fact, the All-India Coordinated Research for enhancement of profitability. Project on Sorghum (AICRPS) was established in December • Coordination and development of improved crop 1969 with the main objective of conducting research on production and protection technologies of millets. grain and forage sorghum improvement. Its coordinating • Training and consultancy on millet production and unit was initially located at the main station of Indian utilization. Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) at New Delhi, which • Dissemination of technologies and capacity building. in 1970 was shifted to IARI Regional Station, Hyderabad. The IARI regional station at Hyderabad was reframed as AICRP on Sorghum, Hyderabad the National Research Centre for Sorghum (NRCS) in 1987 At present, the All India Coordinated Research Project and the AICRPS was integrated with this centre, which was on Sorghum (AICRP on Sorghum) has 18 centres, spread later upgraded as Directorate of Sorghum Research (DSR) throughout the sorghum-growing areas of the country, in 2009 and as the ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research covering the kharif and rabi types of sorghum. Out of (IIMR) in 2015. During 1991, a research station to support these, eleven centres conduct research on kharif sorghum the research activities of rabi sorghum was established (Akola-Maharashtra, Indore - Madhya Pradesh, Palem - at Solapur (Maharashtra). Another centre on off-season Telangana, Nandyal-Andhra Pradesh, Coimbatore-Tamil nursery was also established at Warangal (Telangana) in 1995 as a national facility to support AICRP-sorghum Nadu, Chamrajnagar-Karnataka, Surat and Deesa-Gujarat, researchers of the country. Udaipur-Rajasthan, Pantnagar-Uttarakhand, Hisar-Haryana, Ludhiana-Punjab), while 4 centres (Rahuri-Maharashtra, The overall objective of IIMR is to enhance production, Vijayapura and Hageri-Karnataka, and Tandur-Telangana,) productivity and profitability of millets to enable the concentrate on rabi sorghum. Two centres work on agricultural sector to accelerate the transformation of both kharif and rabi sorghums (Dharwad-Karnataka and “subsistence farming” to “market and income-generation Parbhani-Maharashtra). The centres at Hisar, Pantnagar, oriented” millet production system. Accordingly, IIMR focuses on resolving commodity-specific production Ludhiana and Deesa also conduct research on forage constraints, matching agricultural, processing and sorghum. Besides the above centres, several voluntary value-addition processes and technologies to market centres also work in tandem to conduct multi-location trials opportunities which provide additional farm income and and add to novel technologies and products. Under Tribal creating off-farm employment especially in the semi- Sub-Plan, focused efforts and execution of the programmes arid tropical millet growing regions in India to usher in are in place in tribal areas of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh livelihood, food and nutritional security, thus justifying to popularize the new high yielding cultivars to increase amply the need for public and private investment in millets profitability to tribal farmers. The improved sorghum research and development. production technologies and practices are also being

5 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

demonstrated in tribal areas, apart from extensive training testing in 14 project centres and about 20 voluntary for improving the sustainable livelihood of tribals. centres covering more or less all the major small millet growing regions of the country to work on location-specific Mandate of AICRP-Sorghum problems. • Develop hybrids, varieties, parental lines and novel genetic stocks and monitor multi-location testing of Staff Position coordinated trials. As on 31 December, 2019 • Develop and popularize integrated crop production Category Sanctioned In position Vacant technologies and plant protection practices to major RMP 1 1 - insects and diseases. Scientific 47 41 6 • To participate in Breeder Seed Production (BSP), Technical 36 26 10 Front-line Demonstrations (FLDs) and Tribal Sub-Plan Administrative 21 13 8 (TSP) programmes. Supporting Staff 18 13 5 AICRP-Pearl Millet Total 123 94 29 Project Coordinating Unit of All India Coordinated Research Project on Pearl Millet (AICRP-PM) is based at Jodhpur. The Financial Status coordinated research programme is multi-locational and it is being conducted at 14 project centres including Jodhpur, As on December 31, 2019 Rs. In Lakhs two voluntary centres, 18 cooperating centres in the public Scheme Sanction Expenditure Utilization sector and more than 30 partners in the private sector. ICAR-IIMR, Hyderabad 2116.87 2017.86 95.32% AICRP-Small Millets AICRP-Sorghum 733.82 724.55 98.74% Project Coordinating Unit of All India Coordinated Research AICRP-Pearl Millet 1012.92 806.33 79.60% Project on Small Millets (AICRP-SM) is located at Bengaluru. AICRP-Small Millets 477.95 477.95 100% The project has been designed to carry out multi-location ORGANIZATIONAL SETUP ICAR Headquarters

Research Advisory Director Institute Management Committee (RAC) IIMR, Hyderabad Committee (IMC)

Institute Research Prioritization, Monitoring & Administrative Coordination AICRP Committee (IRC) Evaluation (PME) cell Cell (ACC)

Special / Network Thematic Areas S Sorghum Small Millets Pearl Millet Projects l l S l S Centers: l Centers: Centers: l I l l l l l INSII I l l l l l SI SIS l l l l NI l l l l INSI I l l l II l l l l I-IIS l l l I l l S I l l I l l l SI N l N l l l S l I l l S l N l l l N l l l l S l ISS S l I l l l l l N l l I-S l l IS l 6 Research Accomplishments 3

Genetic Resources Management and others during the current year. Scientists from AICRP on sorghum and from small millets received the maximum 1. IIMR/CI/2016-21/103: Sorghum, pearl millet and of 2,640 sorghum germplasm lines and 2,463 small millet small millets genetic resources management (PI: M accessions respectively. The Project Coordinating Unit Elangovan) on Small millets, Bengaluru received 1,202 accessions followed by the Department of Botany, MD University, Collection Rotak, Haryana (505), AICRP on Sorghum, Akola (684), Two millets exploration programme were undertaken in AICRP on Small millets, Athiyandal (536). the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Of the 125 millets accessions collected, 59 accessions were of Submission to National Gene bank sorghum, 25 of finger millet, 15 of foxtail millet, 14 of pearl Finger millet accessions (1,200) and 847 accessions of millet, 8 of little millet and 4 of proso millet. foxtail millet were submitted to NGB, ICAR-NBPGR for Augmentation long term conversation. National Identity numbers (IC numbers) for 83 millet accessions collected from Odisha Under germplasm augmentation activity, 2,050 were received. accessions of sorghum, 2,004 accessions of finger millet, 351 accessions of foxtail millet and 200 accessions of Germplasm registration little millet were augmented from various centers viz., IC0632083 and IC0632070 were registered with NBPGR, New Delhi NGB-NBPGR and ICAR-NBPGR (RS)-Akola. National Donor/ INGR Pedigree Novel Unique Multiplication Identity Other No. Features Identity A total of 5,582 accessions of millets genetic resources, IC0632083 S 51413 / 19060 HJ 513 x IS IVDMD 56% and which includes 3,802 accessions of sorghum, 1,200 SPV2263 2389-1 p Anthracnose accessions of finger millet, 400 accessions of foxtail millet 29-1-3-4 resistant and 180 accessions of little millet were multiplied. IC0632070 SM2254-8 19064 Sorghum Sorghum forage line line derived from Conservation (126A) x intergeneric cross A total of 1,00,228 accessions of millets are conserved at maize line between sorghum Millets Gene bank (MGB), ICAR-IIMR. This include 44,578 (CM 208) x maize, low HCN accessions as bulk samples and 50,920 accessions as and high IVDMD voucher samples. The maximum holding is for sorghum 2. Consortium Research Platform on Agrobiodiversity with 27,791 accessions as bulk samples followed by finger (CRP-AB): (PI: Dr. M Elangovan) millet with 7,254. The MGB also holds voucher samples, of A total of 4313 accessions were characterized at ICAR-IIMR, which 25,592 accessions of sorghum and 10,582 accessions Hyderabad along with three checks viz., M35-1, CSV27 of finger millet. and CSV29R and in an Augmented Block Design. Data on 9 Distribution quantitative and 15 qualitative traits were collected. Plant Seven thousand forty-one accessions of millets genetic height was the most variable character followed by grain resources were distributed to the bona fide users in the yield, leaf length, time to 50% flowering. The descriptive country through 80 Material Transfer Agreements (MTA). statistics on 9 quantitative traits are presented in Table 1. The supplied accessions include 3,045 of sorghum, 1,309 Frequency distribution of some of the qualitative traits is of foxtail millet, 874 of finger millet and 840 of little millet, given in Figure 1.

7 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

Table 1: Summary statistics of quantitative traits of (> 9.0 cm); 293 for higher grain yield (>100 g/plant) and 9 sorghum germplasm for seed weight (4.5g/100-seeds). Ten accessions identified Traits Minimum Maximum Mean SE Variance with multiple traits is presented in Table 2. Table 2: Sorghum germplasm as donors for multiple traits Time 50% 57.00 118.00 68.00 0.15 89.62 flowering ID Traits (days) Number of 3.67 14.00 8.40 0.02 1.80 CSV27 Longer leaves (90 cm), grain weight (188 g/plant) leaves IC 345208 Wider panicle (9 cm), Grain weight (>206 g/plant) Leaf length 20.50 99.50 62.94 0.16 101.86 (cm) IC 541332 Early flowering (58 days), Grain weight (113 g/ plant) Leaf width 1.97 10.80 5.82 0.02 1.78 (cm) IC 305919 Number of leaves (13), Grain weight (128 g/plant) Plant height 41.67 358.33 174 0.66 1645.39 EC 0524726 Number of leaves (13), Wider leaves (10 cm) (cm) Ear head 4.73 47.43 19.55 0.10 34.92 EC 0524734 Longer panicle (40 cm), Grain weight (117 g/plant) length (cm) EC 0580654 Longer panicle (40 cm), Grain weight (133 g/plant) Ear head 2.20 9.93 5.13 0.02 1.58 width (cm) EC 0580679 Height (>300 cm), Grain weight (143 g/plant) Grain yield 0.68 245.33 35.37 0.62 1449.69 EC 0580763 Height (>350 cm), Grain weight (113 g/plant) (g/plant) 100-Seed 0.23 5.73 2.16 0.01 0.50 EC 0580808 Number of leaves (13), Height (>300 cm) weight (g) Crop Improvement Sorghum 1. IIMR/CI/2016-21/92 : Developing kharif sorghum genotypes suitable for different seasons (PI: C Aruna) Hybrids trial: Sixty-five experimental hybrids based on 12 male sterile and 15 restorer lines were planted in RCBD with three replications along with the checks, CSH16, CSH25, CSH30, CSH35 and some private hybrids. Data was recorded on days to flower, plant height, grain yield, panicle length and grain mold disease score. Among the three medium maturing hybrids, 1194A x CB33 recorded 20% grain yield advantage over CSH25. Six early maturing hybrids recorded Fig. 1: Frequency of some of the qualitative traits in sorghum more than 10% grain yield improvement over the check, germplasm CSH30. One early hybrid, 372A x CB33 recorded 28% higher grain yield over CSH30 and about 10% over CSH25. With Potential germplasm: For some of the important traits, continuous rains during maturity of the crop during kharif, 374 potential donors were identified. Of which, 16 were most of the hybrids recorded grain mold score (GMS) in the identified for early flowering (< 58 days); 7 for more leaves susceptibility range. However, 13 hybrids have recorded (> 13); 7 with longer leaves (> 70 cm); 4 for wider leaves GMS less than 5.0 while the checks, CSH25 and CSH35 had (> 10 cm); 5 for height (> 300 cm); 15 with dwarf stature GMS of 5.0 or more (Table 3). (< 75 cm); 14 for long panicle (>40 cm); 4 for wider panicle

8 Research Accomplishments

Table 3: Performance of promising experimental sorghum hybrids in station trials Plant Panicle Grain 100 seed % Increase % Increase Days to 50% TGS S. No. Pedigree height length yield (kg/ weight over over flowering (1-9) (cm) (cm) ha) (g) CSH25 CSH30 Medium maturing hybrids 1 1194A x CB2 73 174 23.8 5309 2.54 4.83 4.81 23.3 2 1194A x CB33 69 216 24.4 6102 2.69 3.83 20.45 41.68 3 CB54 x CB65 67 170 25.2 5897 3.18 4.00 5.47 36.9 Early maturing hybrids 4 372A x CB10 63 170 25.0 4540 2.56 5.17 -10.37 5.43 5 372A x CB33 63 198 23.1 5546 3.17 4.00 9.49 28.79 6 4414A x CB10 64 177 23.9 5075 2.84 3.33 0.19 17.85 7 4414A x CB31 64 193 23.0 5125 2.60 3.17 1.17 19.00 8 4214A x CB33 64 206 25.0 5042 3.28 3.33 -0.47 17.06 9 4214A x CB35 64 170 23.6 5026 3.00 3.83 -0.77 16.71 10 CB53 x CB60 63 164 24.5 4966 3.29 4.50 -11.18 15.30 11 CB55 x CB60 58 163 28.3 4407 3.00 4.00 -21.16 2.34 12 CB57 x CB60 57 175 27.0 4595 3.25 5.50 -17.80 6.71 13 372A x CB34 63 165 23.9 4653 2.28 4.50 -16.76 8.05 14 372A x CB10 63 170 25.0 4540 2.56 5.17 -10.37 5.43 CSH35 70 229 29.2 4653 3.16 6.17 CSH30 56 208 28.0 4307 3.28 3.58 CSH25 68 217 29.3 5066 3.02 5.00 SPH1889 62 11 26.4 4967 2.92 5.00 CV (%) 3.6 5.1 7.39 13.5 14.1 15.9 C.D. 5% 3.9 15.7 2.99 1044.6 0.66 1.09

Performance of hybrids in rice fallows: river basin. Relative preferences of sorghum cultivars by Five sorghum test hybrids along with the checks (Private the progressive farmer, was based on the plant stature and hybrids) were evaluated on two farmers’ fields (Davulapalli in relation to its non-lodging feature. The most preferred and Ananthavaram) near Tenali to understand the farmer cultivars by the farmer were RFSH1 and RFSH5 (Table 4). preferences under zero tillage in rice fallows of Krishna

Table 4: Performance of sorghum hybrid in rice-fallows Plant height Panicle length Primary 100 seed Hybrid Pedigree Yield (kg/ha) (cm) (cm) branches (no.) weight (g) RFSH1 456A x C43 145 26.9 56.4 2.97 9834 RFSH2 4214A x NR35-15 153 30.1 49.0 2.51 7161 RFSH3 151A x C43 163 28.7 58.7 3.05 6617 RFSH4 3054A x NR4-15 194 26.8 53.6 2.58 7937 RFSH5 2911A x C43 165 36.3 61.6 2.50 10570 NJ2647 170 26.1 35.2 3.44 9306 CSV17 127 30.4 48.9 2.39 5874 HYTECH hybrid 181 29.3 75.4 2.47 6000 CV (%) 3.55 5.4 6.76 21 CD 5% 13.98 4.0 0.53

9 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

Performance of grain mold resistant lines maize wide hybridization were tested in the AICRP-Sweet Ten grain mold tolerant sorghum lines were evaluated for sorghum trials (IASSVHT) during kharif 2018. SPV2595 tolerance to grain molds in National grain mold nursery of was the earliest (80 days) to flower and matured in 116 AICRP on Sorghum. GMN 16-4 was consistently good with days. SPV2596 with a fresh biomass of 63 t ha-1 recorded panicle grain mold score (3.2) on par with the resistant line, superiority of 15% and 18% over CSV19SS (55 t ha-1) and B58586 (2.3). CSV24SS (53 t ha-1) (Table 5). SPV2596 also exhibited Sweet sorghum derivatives from wide hybridization significant superiority for fresh stalk yield (19-27%) over Two promising sweet sorghum derivatives, SPV2595 (27A both the checks. SPV2595 and SPV2596 recorded 5% of sorghum × CM211 of maize) and SPV2596 (MR750 of superiority over checks for juice brix, total soluble sugars. sorghum × CM208 of maize) developed from sorghum x SPV2596 was also promising for computed ethanol yield (1227 L/ha) and was superior to CSV24SS by 30%.

Table 5: Comparative performance of sweet sorghum lines in all India IAVHT-SS-Kharif 2018 trials

Trait Sorghum x maize Checks CV (%) P-Value CD (5%)

SPV2595 SPV2596 CSV19SS CSV24SS

Days to flowering (days) 80 87 85 84 4.66 0.00 3.94

Days to Maturity (days) 116 122 118 117 4.49 0.00 4.03

Fresh stalk yield (t/ha) 36.5 47.5 39.9 38.4 17.9 0.06 7.3

Total fresh biomass (t/ha) 49.5 62.8 54.9 53.3 19.52 0.04 8.6

Juice yield (l/ha) 13022 16430 17037 15351 19.4 1.00

Total Sugar Yield (t/ha) 1.70 2.31 2.29 1.94 23.64 0.00 0.59

Juice extraction (%) 28.6 30.3 31.0 31.2 14.2 0.37 4.0

Grain Yield (Kg/ha) 1671 1822 1535 2044 20.71 0.04 351

Computed ethanol yields (l/ha) 904 1227 1220 1033 23.64 0.01 311.92

Total Sugars (%) 14.3 14.3 13.68 12.55 10.23 0.01 1.11

Reducing Sugars (%) 3.57 3.67 3.54 3.22 20.55 0.34 1.14

Non-Reducing Sugars -Sucrose (%) 9.99 9.51 9.99 9.30 8.82 0.87 1.03

Brix (%) 16.7 16.5 15.4 14.2 11.88 0.00 1.16

Plant Height (cm) 258 300 281 250 10.32 0.00 17.54

2. IMR/CI/2016-21/93: Breeding kharif sorghum for AICRP-Sorghum across five locations, i.e. Palem, Akola, specific end uses (PI: C Aruna) Parbhani, Hagari and Dharwad. There were 27 genotypes including one colored sorghum check, Paiyur 2, two white IIMR Red, a red sorghum genotype sorghum checks, CSV20 and CSV17. CSV20 was the best Keeping in view of the importance of colored sorghums, check with grain yield of 4597 kg ha-1, while the Paiyur a red sorghum genotype, IIMR Red was developed by 2 recorded 4251 kg ha-1. SPV 2612 was highly promising crossing CSV15 with the colored germplasm line, IS23514. with 12% superiority in grain yield over Paiyur 2 and 4% IIMR Red which was promising in station trials was further over CSV 20 (Table 6). tested as SPV 2612 under multi-location trials under

10 Research Accomplishments

Table 6: Performance of IIMR Red (SPV2612) in AICRP specialty sorghum trials Seed Grain yield Days to 50% Days to Plant height Grain Protein Line Tannin color (kg ha-1) flower maturity (cm) weight (g) (%) SPV2612 (IIMR red) Red 4762 73 119 200 2.99 9.88 4.48 SPV2621 Yellow 4454 68 113 216 3.02 9.72 1.65 SPV2633 Red 4313 75 120 276 2.95 10.6 2.36 SPV2619 Red 4233 68 112 253 2.68 11.5 3.00 SPV2622 Red 4204 70 115 230 2.80 11.8 2.01 Paiyur 2 Red 4251 77 125 240 2.74 12.3 2.56 CSV20 White 4597 72 117 231 3.01 8.99 0.86 Mean 3846 72.5 116 235 2.73 11.4 3.33 CD (5%) 1188 8.0 10.2 31.4 0.38 1.76 7.14 CV (%) 16.7 6.8 5.1 11.6 9.97 7.54 105.5 Station trials Twenty-four colored sorghum lines in the station trial were in YPS12, while high antioxidant activity was observed in evaluated for protein, polyphenol content and antioxidant BN193 and BN35. activity (Table 7). High levels of protein were observed Table 7: Characterization of colored sorghum lines for biochemical parameters Pedigree Protein (%) Tannins (g) Polyphenols (mg/g) DPPH activity AAEQ equivalent (mg/g) CSV15 x IS 23514 (IIMR Red) 9.25 5.77 3.28 72.2 2.50 CSV20 x1S 4360 9.10 4.48 3.59 74.0 2.56 27B x IS 3796 8.65 0.38 0.52 44.1 1.80 CSV15 x IS 23514 9.90 4.61 2.18 58.4 2.16 IS 24525 9.45 4.02 0.81 43.0 1.77 IS 24618 9.85 0.70 0.74 31.5 1.48 IS 24636 10.1 1.06 0.29 37.8 1.64 YPS12 12.40 3.53 1.60 34.9 1.56 YPS11 11.85 1.85 1.43 29.9 1.44 EC23 10.30 1.27 2.61 56.4 2.11 IS 12680 13.20 0.16 0.47 35.6 1.58 C43 x IS 23514 9.40 1.76 2.19 52.5 2.01 (27B x B58586) x 27B 10.80 2.60 1.51 49.1 1.92 27B x IS 3796 9.15 0.19 0.72 38.2 1.65 27B x IS 3796 10.45 0.32 0.69 29.2 1.42 I12 x IS 23783 11.00 4.17 2.73 71.4 2.49 I12 x IS 24208 9.95 3.24 3.49 68.4 2.42 AKMS14B x IS 23514 7.85 3.09 2.51 68.6 2.42 AKMS143 x IS 23514 10.10 2.33 1.64 51.4 1.98 AKMS14B x IS29241 8.70 6.35 3.77 78.7 2.68 CSV15 x IS 23514 9.95 4.06 2.78 68.3 2.42 27B x IS 825 11.95 1.93 1.63 48.8 1.92 126B x Keller 11.15 0.93 1.17 46.9 1.87 CSV21MF x IS 8525 11.55 1.52 1.30 43.8 1.79 CSV20 8.20 1.10 0.91 46.0 1.85 ICSV15013 8.95 4.27 1.73 57.0 2.13 Mean 10.12 2.53 1.78 51.4 1.98 CV 5.08 76.84 36.86 23.7 15.71 C.D. 5% 1.06 - 1.35 25.1 0.64

11 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

3. IIMR/CI/2016-21/98: Improving sweet and high (60 t/ha). The next best varieties with 12% more biomass biomass sorghum for biofuel and forage production yield over the check were (SPV1871 x SSV74)-5-2-1-1-1-2, (PI: AV Umakanth) (SPV1871 x ICSV93046)-2-3-1-1 and (SPV1871 x ICSV93046)- 2-3-1-3. With respect to juice yield, (SPV1871 x SSV74)-5-2- Sweet sorghum varietal trial 1-1-1-1 recorded the highest yields of 17559 L ha-1 and was During kharif 2019, 30 sweet sorghum varieties including 57% superior to the best check CSV24SS (11178 L ha-1). The the checks CSV19SS, SSV74 and CSV24SS were evaluated other promising variety was (SPV 1871 x ICSV93046)-2-1- in a replicated trial to identify promising varieties with high 1-1 with a juice yield of 15417 L ha-1 and 37% superiority stalk and sugar yields. Observations on sweet sorghum over the check. For total sugars, the entry (N592 x N594)- productivity traits were recorded (Table 8). Significant 1-3-5-1-1-2-1 was promising. With respect to computed differences were observed among the varieties for most ethanol yields, the entry (SPV1871 x SSV74)-5-2-1-1-1-1 of the characters studied. The variety (RSCN2103 x SSV84)- recorded the highest ethanol yields of 1599 L ha-1 and was 2-1-3-1-1-1-2 recorded the highest fresh biomass yield of 36% superior to the best check CSV24SS (11179 L ha-1). 70 t/ha and was 17% superior to the best check CSV19SS

Table 8: Performance of sweet sorghum varieties for sweet sorghum productivity traits Total fresh Total sugars Juice yield Total sugar Computed Ethanol Entry biomass (t/ha) (%) (L ha -1) index (t ha-1) yield (L ha 1) (SPV1871 x SSV74)-5-2-1-1-1-1 55 17 17559 3.00 1599 (N592 x N594)-1-3-5-1-1-2-1 65 21 13613 2.91 1550 (SPV1871 x ICSV93046)-2-3-1-4 49 20 14103 2.83 1507 (SPV1871 x ICSV93046)-2-1-1-1 43 18 15417 2.72 1447 (SPV1871 x ICSV93046)-2-3-1-3 68 20 12204 2.47 1316 (SPV1871 x ICSV93046)-2-1-1-2 52 18 13626 2.40 1279 (SPV1871 x ICSV93046)-2-3-1-1 68 18 13428 2.39 1272 (27B x SSV84)-4-1-1-1-2 60 17 14328 2.37 1264 (SPV1871 x SSV74)-5-2-2-1-1-1 63 16 13392 2.21 1176 (SPV1871 x ICSV93046)-2-1-1-3 57 18 12051 2.18 1159 (SPV1871 x ICSV93046)-2-3-1-2 52 19 11178 2.17 1153 (27B x SSV84)-4-2-1-1-1 62 16 13365 2.10 1117 (RSCN2103 x SSV84)-2-1-3-1-1-1-2 70 18 10557 1.95 1040 (N596 x SPV1871)-9-1-1-1-1-1 45 17 11196 1.87 993 (SPV1871 x SSV74)-5-2-1-1-1-2 68 16 11493 1.81 966 (SPV1871 x SSV74)-1-1-1-1-4-1 43 18 9711 1.79 952 (SPV1871 x SSV74)-5-2-2-1-1-2 56 16 10818 1.76 940 (SPV1871 x SSV84 Tall)-10-2-1-1-1-1 28 19 9153 1.70 906 (SPV1871 x SSV74)-1-1-1-1-2-1 44 18 9477 1.66 885 (SPV1871 x SSV74)-2-2-1-2-1-2 38 17 9729 1.63 868 (27B x SSV84)-4-1-1-1-1 55 16 9405 1.54 821 (SPV1871 x SSV74)-2-2-1-2-1-1 35 17 8793 1.53 817 [(N596 x SPV1871)-9]-1-1-1-1-2 48 18 8181 1.48 790 (SPV1871 x SSV74)-1-1-1-1-4-2 46 17 8712 1.47 785 (SPV1871 x SSV74)-1-1-1-1-3-1 52 15 9171 1.42 754 (SPV1871 x SSV74)-1-1-1-1-1-2 28 17 7884 1.33 710 (SPV1871 x SSV74)-1-1-1-1-1-1 55 16 8028 1.30 693 CSV24SS 51 20 11178 2.21 1179 CSV19SS 60 19 10917 2.11 1121 SSV74 55 20 7983 1.60 849 CD (5%) 18 3 4078 0.79 460

12 New Release

JAICAR Nutrigraze - CSV 43 BMR First ever brown midrib (BMR) sorghum variety with low lignin, high digestibility and dual-purpose variety released in India during 2019. Superiorities for various characters like TDDM and OMD are anticipated to increase the milk yield by 20-30% in buffalos and Feeding trial on buffalo calves shown 14.0% more body weight gain in animals fed. Recommended for: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, M.P, Rajasthan, U.P, Uttarakhand, Haryana and Jharkhand. Maturity: 110-112 days for Stover and 70-75 days for Green Fodder. Grain yield: 24-26 q/ha. Stover yield: 150-160 q/ha.

13 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

High biomass sorghum 5. IIMR/CI/2016-21/94: Breeding kharif sorghum Twenty-four high biomass sorghum breeding derivatives cultivars with improved shoot fly resistance (PI: R including check CSH22SS were evaluated for biomass Madhusudhana) traits during kharif 2019 in a replicated trial. Observations Association mapping in sorghum landraces on biomass parameters were recorded. The entry (SSV74 x SSV84 Tall)-6-1-1 recorded the highest fresh biomass Insect shoot fly could significantly damage sorghum yield of 68 t ha-1 and was 48% superior to the elite check production. A genome-wide association study was CSH22SS (46 t ha-1) (Fig. 2). The next promising entry was performed to identify shoot fly resistance related QTL in (SSV84 Tall x RSSV351)-2-3-1 with a fresh biomass yield of sorghum. Shoot fly resistance was evaluated in 173 diverse kharif 46 t ha-1. These two entries were also promising for dry germplasm lines during seasons of 2016, 2017 and biomass. 2018. Several QTLs have been identified for deadhearts (DH%), eggs per plant and seedling leaf surface glossiness. Some of the important QTL regions for these traits are given in Table 9. Several candidate genes have been identified and will be further employed in marker-assisted breeding schemes to improve shoot fly resistance in sorghum.

Table 9: SNPs significantly associated with shoot fly resistance traits

Chromosome SNP Position P value R2 (%)

Deadhearts

2 66653594 8.01E-05 8.2 G1: (SSV74 x SSV84 Tall)-6-1-1; G2:(SSV84 Tall x RSSV351)-2-3-1; G3:(IS 23789 x SSV84)-2-1-4, G4:(IS 23789 x SSV84)-2-3-2; G5:(SPV1871 x ICSV25334)-2-2-4; C: 3 13295525 9.30E-06 12 CSH22SS Fig. 2: Performance of entries for fresh and dry biomass yields 7 13249874 1.28E-05 10 4. IIMR/CI/2016-21/100: Enhancement of productivity of forage sorghum cultivation systems 8 44876876 3.07E-05 9 (PI: V Bhat) Eggs/plant Forage sorghum, an important source of green fodder in 1 53725289 3.41E-04 6.7 India, is grown during kharif and summer seasons, either as single-cut (mostly in kharif, as rainfed) or as a multi-cut 1 15846653 5.32E-04 6.2 (summer and kharif) forage crop. To develop improved 3 10465976 9.30E-04 5.8 varieties of multi-cut forage, a total of 257 F7 genetic stocks (sorghum x Sudan grass derivatives) were evaluated for 3 58993844 5.75E-04 6.4 multi-cut forage traits in augmented block design along with check CSV 33MF. Four genetic stocks were found to be Glossiness superior to the check in respective blocks. The promising genetic stocks would be further evaluated for one more 1 70172395 2.23E-04 5.6 year for confirmation. 5 47914112 6.07E-04 5.4 New A/B pairs were multiplied for maintenance and hybrid making. 91 selections from 25 crosses reached F6 and 7 58170813 1.25E-04 6.2

F7 which were multiplied for evaluation. 3204 F families 8 52268263 4.84E-04 5.5 selected and advanced to F5, from 81 crosses.

14 Research Accomplishments

out in 7 blocks. Observations on Rate of photosynthesis (ROP), Rate of transpiration (ROT), stomatal conductance (SC), Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR), Canopy temperature (CT) and Canopy Temp. diff. (CTD) were recorded at 60, 75, 90, 115 and 130 days after planting to understand the difference in the physiological parameters over growth stages. The analysis of variance clearly indicated significant genotypic differences across growth periods. The trait correlations indicated ROP was significantly correlated with ROT (-0.43***), SC (0.17*) and CT (0.24***). ROT was significantly correlated with CT (-0.21***), SC with CTD (-0.28***), PAR with CTD (-0.12*), CT with CTD (0.29***). One-way ANOVA indicated the difference in the physiological traits with time as indicated in Table 10. CSV- 26R had the highest ROP (30.41), while CSH-39R was the best for ROT (2.38) and PAR (849). MAS-CRS4-24-96 was best for CT (29.01) and MAS-RSLG262-24-24 was best for CTD (-1.00).

Table 10: One-way analysis of physiological traits over growth periods

Trait 60 DAS 75DAS 90 DAS 115DAS 130DAS

ROP 34.18B 17.42D 32.13C 36.29A 15.46E

ROT 1.78BC 2.62A 1.99B 1.57C 0.38D

SC 19.33A 13.37B 11.02BC 7.92C 0.95D

PAR 635.3AB 639.0A 522.2BC 551.8AB 433.5C

CT 29.54B 28.59C 28.96C 30.96A 23.85D

CTD -3.78D -2.97C -1.75B -1.45AB -1.22A

Fig. 3: GWAS across 173 sorghum landraces using SNP markers. Mean values with same alphabet do not differ statistically Manhattan plots showing significant false discovery rate (FDR) adjusted P-value of ≤0.05 associated (A) Deadhearts (%), (B) Eggs Combining ability and heterosis of restorer lines per plant, (C) Seedling leaf glossiness A combining ability study revealed the presence of 6. IIMR/CI/2017-22/116: Development of genetically significant differences due to lines, testers and linex diversified high yielding Rabi sorghum hybrids testers. Considering the general combining ability effects (PI: R Madhusudhana) of parents, female SL 19B and males SLR 13, SLR 24 and

BC2F6 progenies of CRS4 and RSLG262 were evaluated SLR 30 were good general combiners for grain yield and for physiological traits at MPKV Rahuri during rabi 2019. the female SL 12B and male SLR 10 and SLR 27 were good The test material consisted of 35 entries with 7 check general combiners for earliness (Table 11). The crosses SL entries (M35-1, CSV-26R, CSV-29R, RSLG262, B35, CRS4 19B x SLR 13, SL 19B x SLR 17, SL 19B x SLR 30 and SL 19B x and CSH39R), 11 derivatives of CRS4 x B35 and 17 of SLR 39 were identified for improving grain yield and crosses RSLG262 x B35. The material was evaluated in Resolvable SL 12B x SLR 10, SL 12B x SLR 27 and SL 12B x SLR 39 were Incomplete Block Design with three replications laid- selected for breeding earliness.

15 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

Table 11: General combining ability effects for characters Table 12: List of Double crosses generated in rabi sorghum Double crosses Days to Days to Grain yield (Sel.3 × CRS4) x (PKV Kranti × Solapur Dagadi) flowering maturity per plant (Solapur Dagadi × Phule Revati) x (Phule Suchitra × CSV14R) Lines (CSV26 × CRS4) x (CRS4 × Sel 3) (CSV14R × DSV4) x SL 12B -0.36** -1.87* -6.41** (CSV26 × PKV Kranti) SL 19B 0.36 ** 1.87* 6.41** (Sel.3 × Solapur Dagadi) x (Parbhani Moti × CRS20) x (Sel.3 × CRS4) (M35-1 × CSV29R) Testers (Sel.3 × Parbhani Moti) x (CSV26 × Phule Suchitra) x SLR 13 -1.2 0.378 7.83** (Sel.3 × Solapur Dagadi) (DSV5 × Phule Revati) SLR 10 - 0.37* -0.349 -1.66 (CSV14R × PKV Kranti) x (M 35-1 × CSV22) x SLR 17 -1.43** -2.565** -1.67 (CSV14R × Phule Revati) (DSV5 × Phule Revati) SLR 24 0.16 -0.956 5.23** (CRS4 × DSV4) x (Phule Revati × Parbhani Moti) SLR 30 3.03 4.987** 5.15** (CRS4 × Solapur Dagadi) x (Phule Chitra × CSV22) SLR 27 -1.32** -3.213** -2.86 (CSV216R × CRS4) x (CSV 29R × PKV Kranti) x SLR 39 1.17** 1.723** -12.02 ** (M35-1 × CSV29R) (Parbhani Moti × DSV5) S.E. (Lines) ± 0.03 0.14 1.1 (M35-1 × CSV29R) x (DSV5 × Phule Revati) x S.E (Testers) ± 0.07 0.23 3.0 (CSV216R × CRS4) (CSV216R × CSV 29R) **Significant at 5 and 1 per cent respectively. (CRS14R × Solapur Dagadi) x (CSV14R × Phule Revati) x (CRS4 × Phule Revati) (CSV26 × Phule Revati) 7. IIMR/CI/2015-20/76: Development of multi- (CSV26 × DSV4) x (Phule Chitra × CSV22) x genotype varieties (MAGIC lines) for genetic (CSV14R × Phule Revati) (M35-1 × CSV22) (DSV5 × Sel 3) x Phule Anuradha x Parbhani diversification and enhancing yield stability in rabi (Parbhani Moti × CRS20) Moti sorghum (PI: P Patroti) (CRS4 × Phule Revati) x (CRS4 × Sel.3) x (DSV5 × Sel. 3) (PKV Kranti × Phule Revati) Synthesis of Double crosses Evaluation of F and F generations Twenty-eight single crosses generated from half diallel 3 4 mating of eight MAGIC founder lines were inter crossed Cross derivatives from CSV216R x CRS4, M35-1 x CSV29R, and generated 24 double crosses (Table 12), which will DSV5 x Selection 3 and Parbhani Moti x CRS20 were be further intermated to develop multi-parent cross evaluated. The mean performance of the derivatives, derivatives. parents and the crosses are given in Table 13.

Table 13: Mean Performance of F3 & F4 of 4 different crosses of rabi sorghum and their parents CHARACTERS

Identity Days Plant Panicle Peduncle Panicle Panicle Panicle Grain Fodder 100 Seed Relative Specific to 50% height emergence length length width weight yield per yield per weight water leaf flowering (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (g) plant (g) plant (g) (g) content weight F3 Cross I 71 185 6.7 19.6 15.2 5.3 47.6 35.5 65.6 2.6 71.7 0.011 (8.4) Cross II 82 180 5.6 16.6 15.5 5.1 47.5 35.0 105.8 3.0 73.6 0.013 (8.5) Cross III 89 181 5.7 18.8 16.5 4.6 34.9 27.2 126.7 3.1 74.3 0.011 (8.6) Cross IV 76 150 5.5 16.5 14.3 4.8 35.2 26.4 91.4 3.0 78.9 0.012 (8.8) F4 Cross I 72 177 6.2 17.5 15.6 5.3 48.5 35.9 79.9 2.3 74.6 0.012 (8.6) Cross II 82 177 6.0 17.0 17.6 4.2 27.6 19.9 111.7 3.0 73.3 0.011 (8.5)

16 Research Accomplishments

Cross III 82 169 5.7 16.7 14.9 4.8 36.9 28.0 88.2 3.2 75.0 0.011 (8.6) Cross IV 79 147 6.2 16.6 14.5 5.0 43.1 31.2 101.2 3.2 80.7 0.012 (8.9) Parents CSV 76 138 4.8 19.3 18.4 5.0 49.3 37.6 88.8 2.6 68.1 0.015 216R (8.2) CRS 4 70 167 5.6 17.9 13.9 5.2 44.3 32.4 68.4 2.7 71.8 0.018 (8.4) M35-1 81 159 5.0 16.4 14.9 6.0 60.2 35.0 98.0 3.2 74.7 0.011 (8.6) CSV 29R 77 173 5.7 15.5 15.9 4.9 44.6 37.2 81.0 3.3 85.1 0.013 (9.2) DSV 5 78 183 6.5 17.5 17.8 5.7 66.7 46.8 149.3 3.8 83.0 0.012 (9.1) Sel. 3 69 191 7.3 23.0 15.0 5.3 50.1 38.4 76.6 2.7 74.5 0.011 (8.6) Parbhani 76 181 5.4 16.2 13.5 5.8 102.0 45.8 100.0 3.5 69.0 0.012 Moti (8.2) CRS 20 75 167 6.1 15.8 14.1 4.7 25.3 19.2 91.5 3.1 82.0 0.010 (9.0) Mean 77 170 5.9 17.6 15.5 5.1 47.7 33.2 95.2 3.0 75.7 0.012 Range 69-89 138- 4.8-7.3 15-23 13-18 4-6 25-102 19-46 65-149 2.4-3.8 68.1- 0.01- 191 85.2 0.018 CV 6.9 8.7 10.6 10.6 9.2 8.9 37.6 23.4 22.4 12.0 6.5 15.974 CD @ 5% 6.5 1.2 1.1 28.3 31.9 The values in parenthesis are square root transformed values.

Evaluation of breeding material for varied soil depth first and second rank for WGMI. Genotypes M35-1 x CRS Twenty-five genotypes were evaluated in four different 9, M35-1 x E-228, IC-392156, CRS 20 and CRS 78 were conditions viz., shallow soil (rainfed) medium soil (rainfed) found to be moderately adaptable. Remaining genotypes deep soil (rainfed), and Irrigated (3 irrigation) conditions in were not found suitable to all conditions. For grain yield RBD. Significant differences were observed for grain yield under irrigated condition no genotypes were found to be among genotypes evaluated in all the conditions. None superior than the best high yielding check Phule Suchitra -1 -1 of the genotypes showed similar performance in respect (102.30 q ha ). Genotype CRS -63 (102.01 q ha ) was at par of grain yield under all conditions indicating different with the check Phule Suchitra. Under deep soil condition response of all genotypes under different soil depth and no genotypes were found to be significantly superior irrigated conditions. This showed that there is need to than the best high yielder check Phule Suchitra (88.37 q/ -1 develop genotypes based on different soil depth and ha). Germplasm IC-392155 (103.56 q ha ) and genotypes -1 irrigated conditions. CRS-65 (100.10 q ha ) were numerically superior than the check. Under medium soil condition no genotypes Weighted geometric mean index (WGMI) was used as were found to be superior than the best check CSV 29R appropriate indicator to categorized genotypes as highly (36.69 q ha-1). The numerically superior genotypes than adaptable (above Mean WGMI + standard deviation the best checks were CRS-75 (42.91 q ha-1) and CRS 76 values), moderate adaptable (above or equal Mean (42.72 q ha-1). Under shallow soil condition genotypes WGMI values) and not suitable (Below Mean WGMI CRS-75 (30.70 q ha-1) and CRS-78 (24.13 q ha-1) were values) for all the conditions studied. Based on WGMI found to be significantly superior than the check CSV 29R for grain yield among all genotypes, genotypes CRS-75, (16.68 q ha-1) (Table 14). and CRS-77 were found to be highly adaptable showing

17 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

Table 14: Grain yield under shallow, medium, deep and irrigated, conditions, weighted geometric mean index (WGMI) and rank of rabi sorghum genotypes Grain yield (q ha-1) Genotypes Shallow soil Medium soil Deep Soil Irrigated Soil WGMI Rank M35-1 × CRS-9 17.59 22.84 66.20 87.31 25.82 8 M35-1 × CSV-26 16.68 23.73 44.79 94.16 24.48 11 M35-1 × E-228 12.73 27.41 57.48 83.83 22.64 18 Phule Anuradha × CSV-22 15.87 34.35 81.95 86.73 28.19 6 Phule Anuradha × SLR-24 8.99 18.12 51.41 47.70 15.80 25 Phule Anuradha × BRJ-62 10.86 20.99 67.01 61.33 19.13 23 CRS-76 11.59 42.72 59.41 75.80 24.35 13 PEC-1 × EP-85 13.02 22.77 31.01 47.51 19.14 22 SLR-24 × BRJ 62 13.82 27.31 67.01 97.39 24.36 12 PEC-32 (IC-392155) 11.38 16.20 103.56 67.77 19.33 21 PEC-33 (IC-392156) 20.52 25.19 77.88 76.87 28.87 5 CRS-20 13.67 35.80 70.89 65.95 25.34 9 CRS-61 12.12 30.52 52.22 90.96 22.71 17 CRS-62 10.83 23.31 66.91 80.51 20.21 20 CRS-63 15.85 24.54 60.69 102.01 25.14 10 CRS-65 14.06 25.85 100.10 59.05 24.12 14 CRS-66 15.50 27.88 46.77 70.34 24.11 15 CRS-68 17.50 31.48 64.62 84.99 28.06 7 CRS-75 30.70 42.91 77.41 84.48 41.47 1 CRS-77 21.47 35.11 61.46 88.74 32.02 2 CRS-78 24.13 20.86 72.59 78.30 29.51 3 M35-1* 13.78 22.89 65.09 98.72 23.08 16 Phule Anuradha* 13.10 16.17 56.94 59.96 19.12 24 Phule Suchitra* 11.07 23.26 88.37 102.30 21.59 19 CSV-29R* 16.68 36.69 84.49 77.50 29.24 4 Mean 15.34 27.16 67.05 78.81 24.71 CD (<0.05) 7.22 10.67 26.37 27.06 (σ) 5.26 CD (P<0.01) 9.46 13.99 34.56 35.48 (M + σ) 29.97 *Check varieties Advanced breeding genotypes under shallow soil 8. Consortia research platform on biofortification conditions in selected crops for nutritional security: (PI: Dr. K Nineteen advanced breeding genotypes were evaluated Hariprasanna) under shallow soil conditions with six checks (M35-1, Grain iron & zinc content in coloured sorghum Phule Anuradha, CSV26R, Phule Suchitra, CSV29R, and Phule Revati). Two genotypes namely BP 53 x (185 Ax Two hundred accessions of coloured sorghum germplasm seedless sorghum)-1 (20.94 q ha-1), Phule Anuradha x (185 comprising both indigenous collection and exotic A x seedless sorghum)-4 (17.26 q ha-1) were found to be accessions were planted in the field during rabi 2018-19 significantly superior than check M35-1 (9.93 q/ha). These and grain samples were harvested for grain iron and zinc two genotypes were 9-11 days earlier than the check M35- estimation. The grain iron ranged from 23.7 ppm to 55.4 1 and 2-3 days earlier than the check Phule Anuradha. ppm among the indigenous accessions while in IS lines it lied between 23 ppm and 58.2 ppm. For grain zinc range Charcoal rot resistance was from 24.4 ppm to 67.7 ppm and 23.9 ppm to 65.3 ppm Genotype IC 392156 (CRI: 15.13)], IC 392155 (CRI: 16.52) among indigenous accessions and IS lines, respectively. and one hybrid E228 x IC 392156 (CRI: 16.44) were found Good variation was observed among the coloured resistant with the lowest CR Index, while genotype PEC-33 accessions for both micronutrients. Grain zinc had higher (CRI: 23.96) was found moderately resistant.

18 Research Accomplishments range and mean values in both indigenous and IS lines single plant selections were made based on phenotypic compared to iron content. The grain iron and zinc content attributes of plant and panicles. These materials (F3 to F9) were significantly and positively correlated (r = 0.79 and were advanced during kharif 2019 and rabi 2019-20 season

0.67 for indigenous and IS lines, respectively). Accessions for further selection. In the 105 selections made inF4 having > 35 ppm iron and zinc content were short listed for generation duringkharif 2018 good variation was observed further confirmation. Majority of the coloured accessions for grain iron and zinc content. Some of the promising were found to be agronomically poor and photosensitive, selections were 4738-2 (C 43 x IS 27054) (Fe 66.4 ppm, Zn with very loose panicles and grains covered with long 39.6 ppm), 4786-2 (ICSR 14001 x IS 12750) (Fe 50.1 ppm, glumes. The accessions having higher iron and zinc content Zn 40.0 ppm), 44793 (ICSR 14001 x Phule Rohini) (Fe 40.6 with good agronomic background will be selected as donor ppm, Zn 35.5 ppm) and 4722 (C 43 x IS 3283) (Fe 41.4 source for grain micronutrient enrichment. Fifteen good ppm, Zn 33.5 ppm). These have been advanced to further accessions with high iron/zinc with their seed colour and generations. seed size are listed in Table 15. 9. Centrally sponsored scheme of PPV&FRA Table 15: Coloured sorghum accessions with high grain under submission on seeds and planting material: iron/zinc content (PI: Dr. Hariprasanna) Fe Zn Seed mass Accession Seed Colour Field trials were conducted during rabi 2018-19 and kharif (ppm) (ppm) (g/100 seeds) 2019 seasons for testing/characterizing the DUS traits IS 15196 Grayed Yellow 49.36 50.39 3.42 in candidate varieties of sorghum as per the PPV&FR IS 10876 Grayed Orange 52.43 43.03 3.28 Authority test guidelines. During Rabi 2018-19, 41 farmers’ IS 11143 Grayed Orange 41.84 41.63 2.96 varieties were tested along with five reference varieties IS 10965 Grayed Orange 35.92 48.98 2.86 for DUS. Data were enumerated for 33 descriptors and E92 Yellow 37.67 42.29 2.7 submitted to PPV&FRA, New Delhi. Under st1 year trial 10 IS 8541 Grayed Red 49.96 50.67 2.62 farmers’ varieties were characterized for DUS traits along E88 Yellow 42.83 42.49 2.56 with a reference variety (M35-1). Maintenance breeding IS 14794 Grayed Red 51.28 36.69 2.52 and characterization was undertaken for 90 reference IS 9055 Grayed Red 40.63 38.73 2.52 varieties (OPVs/parental lines/hybrids) under enforced IS 11944 Grayed Red 36.95 46.65 2.52 selfing/controlled pollination. The DUS testing trials were monitored on 24th January 2019 by the Monitoring E30 Grayed Yellow 41.14 47.76 2.38 Team under the Chairmanship of Dr. T Pradeep, former IS 7086 Grayed Red 43.11 33.74 2.32 Director of Research, PJTSAU. Dr. T Nagarathna, Registrar IS 14333 Grayed Orange 48.48 49.4 2.28 represented the Authority. The crop growth and expression EJ 46 Grayed Red 36.9 42.06 2.24 of morphological characters were good in all the candidate EJ 33 Grayed Orange 46.95 51.65 2.12 varieties. The reference variety database was updated for Creation of new variability submission to PPV&FR Authority. During rabi 2018-19, about 30 new crosses have been During kharif 2019, two candidate varieties were tested developed using elite parents (Palamuru Jonna, CSV 36, for DUS traits along with six reference varieties each CSV 39, CSV29R, Phule Madhur) and donor sources (ICSR under 1st year testing. Data were recorded for 32 DUS 14001, ICSV 15012, IS 27054, IS 21645, IS 28747, IS 30383, descriptors as per the revised guidelines. About 50 kharif IS 23670). Most of the donors used were photosensitive, adapted reference varieties were planted in a replicated had loose panicles with poor productive capacity. Thirty- trial for characterization and data were recorded. Sixteen nine crosses made during previous season was planted and entries from the advanced trials of AICRP on Sorghum true F1s were identified. In the breeding nursery segregating were also characterized for DUS traits to enable faster generations in 2F (32), F3 (105), F4 (27), F5 (104), F6 (40), F7 variety protection in case of identification and release. The

(72) and F8 (56) from previous crosses were planted for candidate variety data along with photographs have been advancement during rabi 2018-19 and more than 500 submitted to PPV&FR Authority.

19 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

Pearl Millet identify promising hybrids for kharif season. The hybrid 1. IIMR/CI/2015-20/69 : Development of pearl millet 97111A x R4 among the test hybrids had 40.4% higher parental lines with improved yield in A1, A4 and A5 grain yield and 54.7% higher fodder yield than the best check RHB 173. It was on par with check for all other CMS background (PI: P Sanjana) traits. Three hybrids were numerically superior and on Pearl millet hybrids for kharif season par with RHB 173 for grain yield. Among them, the hybrid During 2019 kharif season, 39 pearl millet hybrids were 98222A x R5 was early flowering followed by 92777A x tested for the second time along with national check to R48 (Table 16).

Table 16: Performance of test hybrids for grain yield and kharif adaptation, 2019 kharif season Leaf Leaf No. of Panicle Panicle Grain Stover Days to 50% Plant height Hybrid length width productive length width yield yield flowering (cm) (cm) (cm) tillers (cm) (cm) (t/ha) (t/ha) 97111A x R4 53 150 60.2 3.0 3.2 22.1 2.7 3.82 22.78 98222A x R5 44 153 59.2 3.7 3.2 20.5 3.2 2.72 13.33 97111A x R48 51 161 58.9 3.2 3.0 19.3 2.8 2.59 16.39 92777A x R48 49 155 54.7 2.9 3.7 20.2 2.3 2.49 14.45 RHB 173 (check) 53 155 61.8 3.1 3.3 22.9 2.3 2.43 14.73 Mean 50 151 55.3 3.0 3.4 19.9 2.5 1.90 12.64 CV 7 7 7.1 12.5 20.1 6.3 12.5 30.20 24.06 LSD 8 22 8.0 0.8 1.2 2.6 0.6 1.07 6.56 P Value 0.006 0.15 0.006 0.000 0.052 0.000 0.002 0.001 0.001

Pearl millet hybrids for summer cultivation and numerically superior to the best check, 86M86. The hybrid 89111A x R48 recorded the highest grain yield of During summer 2019, 88 pearl millet hybrids including 4.99 t/ha and was 33.5% superior to the best check 86M86 the checks 86M86, 86M01 and Kaveri Super Boss were (3.74 t/ha) (Fig. 4). The hybrid was on par with the check evaluated in a replicated trial to identify promising hybrids for all other traits. suitable for summer adaptation. Nine hybrids were on par

Fig. 4: Performance of test hybrids for grain yield and summer adaptation, 2019 summer season

Rancidity assessment in parental lines NaOH / gm tissue) at th5 day, a measure of rancidity varied Presence of variability for rancidity and its association with from 0.45 to 0.91 (Mean 0.65, CD: 0.04). The parental lines other traits holds promise for recombination breeding to 04999B and 07999R had low rancidity. The performance of combine nutritional quality and high grain yield. Among the low rancid parental lines for seed and rancidity traits the 49 pearl millet B and R-lines, Alcoholic Acidity (mg are given in Table 17. The low rancidity was associated with

20 Research Accomplishments greater plant height, more tillering, increased activity of not associated with the fat content and seed size (Table 18). the enzyme lipase, lipoxygenase and peroxidase and it was

Table 17: Association of grain yield and rancidity with enzyme activity and other agronomic traits in pearl millet

Trait Grain yield per plant (kg) Alcoholic Acidity (on 5th day) Days to 50% Flowering 0.160NS -0.034NS Plant Height (cm) 0.529** -0.267** Effective Tillers per plant 0.125NS -0.675** Ear Length (cm) 0.230* -0.156NS Ear Width (cm) 0.062NS -0.026NS Grain yield per plant (kg) 1 -0.163NS 1000 seed weight (gm) 0.035NS 0.041NS Seed Diameter (mm) 0.009NS 0.003NS Fat Content (%) -0.080NS 0.029NS Lipase (Units/gm tissue) -0.173NS 1.003** Lipoxygenase (Units/gm tissue) -0.439** 0.204* Peroxidase (Units/gm tissue) 0.224* 1.013** Alcoholic Acidity Fifth Day -0.163NS 1

Table 18: Mean Performance of 49 parental lines for seed weight and other traits

Parental 1000 seed Seed Fat Content Lipase (Units/ Lipoxygenase Peroxidase (Units/ Alcoholic Acidity lines weight (gm) Diameter (%) gm tissue) (Units/gm tissue) gm tissue) (mg NaOH / gm tissue) 07999R 11.1 2.2 7.21 0.21 87.65 226 0.32 0.45 0.45 04999B 6.9 1.7 4.68 0.21 145.45 84.81 0.27 0.36 0.45 08222R 8.7 2.2 4.27 0.23 141.97 130.1 0.32 0.41 0.50 R22 8.0 1.9 5.43 0.23 130.07 135.55 0.27 0.36 0.50 03999B 10.2 2.3 4.41 0.23 164.83 104.8 0.45 0.45 0.50 02555B 9.8 1.9 5.5 0.23 103.16 111.2 0.32 0.33 0.50 99222B 5.7 1.6 4.25 0.23 213.91 147.5 0.41 0.45 0.50 93333B 8.3 1.8 3.13 0.23 129.48 107.89 0.22 0.36 0.50 08666B 8.7 2.0 4.63 0.32 113.45 80.07 0.22 0.32 0.50 R38 13.0 1.9 3.82 0.24 169.28 215.7 0.27 0.36 0.52 Mean 9.6 2.0 5.4 0.33 146.16 153.61 0.36 0.5 0.68 CD 1.2 0.3 0.746 0.002 18.408 33.702 0.001 0.008 0.04 CV 6 6 7 0.3 6 11 0.2 1 3

Heterotic gene pools in pearl millet Table 19: Heterotic gene pools and the base lines Based on performance per se and high sca effects, three Pool Lines B-line pools Bi. 98222A, Bii. 94444A and Biii. 04999A and 89111A and three R-line pools Ri. 07999R, 07444R, 09444R, 1-B Zone • 98222A, 07999R, 07444R, 09444R Rii. 08888R and Riii. 06777R, 08222R, 06555R was obtained (Table 19). Group I can be diversified for development of 2– A Zone • 94444A, 08888R hybrids for B zone while groups ii and iii can be diversified 3-A1 Zone • 04999A, 89111A, 06777R, 08222R, 06555R for development of hybrids for A and A1 zones.

21 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

2. IIMR/CI/2018-23/120: Improving the yield Fe and Zn homeostasis. The information will be used for potential of pearl millet hybrids for favorable and accelerated breeding programmes to improve the Fe and marginal environments (PI: T Nepolean) Zn density in pearl millet. Transcriptome analysis in pearl millet Genes for drought tolerance in pearl millet Micronutrient malnutrition due to iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) To understand the genes associated with drought deficiencies is a serious public health problem in developing tolerance, a set of 50 pearl millet inbreds in different countries. In India alone, about 80% of the pregnant maturity groups of B and R lines were assembled to women and 74% of children suffer from iron and zinc identify the genotypes with drought tolerance. Each deficiency. At present, knowledge of the genes controlling genotype was planted in 10 cups and at the time of 3-leaf specific steps in the Fe and Zn pathways is still rudimentary. stage seedlings, five cups were exposed to moisture stress Hence studying genes of Fe and Zn density has become treatment for 5 to 6 consecutive days by withdrawing important. A whole genome RNA-Seq approach was carried the water. The remaining seedlings in rest of the five out to understand the genes and pathways involved Fe and cups were provided with optimal amount of water. After Zn accumulation in pearl millet. five days of treatment, root length, shoot length, ratio between root-shoot length, relative water content (RWC) Seedlings of a high Fe and Zn grain density pearl millet and chlorophyll content were observed in the control ICMB 1505 were exposed to four Fe and Zn stress and stress treated seedlings. RWC, one of the important treatments namely, –Fe –Zn, –Fe +Zn, +Fe –Zn and +Fe indicators of drought tolerance, was ranged from 43 +Zn in hydroponics for 12 days (Fig. 5). Seedlings were to 95% in the stress treatment. Inbreds namely, ICMX expressed interveinal chlorosis in the leaves due to the 1410852-2, ICMP 100230, ICMR 100591, ICMX 1410852- non-availability of Fe and Zn compared to control during 3 and ICMB 101724 (Fig. 6) showed better RWC value the stress treatments. At that time, the leaf and root and root traits over other inbreds. ICMX 1411004, ICMX tissues in four treatments were harvested separately. Total 1510552 and ICMX 1410848 expressed low RWC value. RNA was extracted from the treated samples followed by Total RNA from the root and shoot tissues from five sets of cDNA synthesis. Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform was used to contrasting genotypes were extracted. Around 20 drought sequence the constructed cDNA libraries. candidate genes distributed in different molecular functional groups were selected for gene expression assay under control and stress treatments. The genes and the genotypes identified from this experiment will be used for development drought tolerant cultivars for the A1 arid production zone.

Fig. 5: Pearl millet inbred with four Fe and Zn stress treatments

Analysis of differentially expressed genes and pathways associated Fe and Zn is underway. Simultaneously, a set of 40 genotypes with variable Fe and Zn grain density were selected and tissue samples from different plant parts such as seed, flag leaf, root, stem sheath, panicles at anthesis and panicle at milky-stage were collected. RNA was extracted Fig. 6: Better response of ICMB 101724 to drought stress at seedling stage from the samples to validate the genes associated with

22 Research Accomplishments

3. IIMR/CI/2016-21/102: Development of high performed in 635 lines generated from the half sib-families. biomass pearl millet forage cultivars with improved The lines were selected for high forage yield, biomass, quality (PI: S Avinash) regeneration, high leaf to stem ratio. TheF4 generation 282 families comprising of 15 populations were evaluated Germplasm selection and augmentation: Based on for forage yield along with check, Nutrifeed®. The lines number of leaves and plant height, 15 germplasm lines superior for green forage yield in first cut, second cut and were selected, and half sib population was generated to total biomass produced (Table 20) were advanced to next enhance higher recombination. Ear-to-row selection was generation. Table 20: Promising lines identified for biomass Pedigree FW-1 DW-1 FW-2 DW-2 NT-1 NT-2 NP FC+SC (kg/plot) GF (kg/ha) ELSG-89-9-4 3.2 0.7 6.7 1.9 35 37 19 9.9 73333 ELB-124-10-3 2.8 0.6 6.9 0.6 48 48 14 9.7 71852 ELSG-66-2-3 3 0.6 6.4 0.8 45 51 17 9.4 69630 ELSG-89-12-3 3.2 0.7 6 2 38 38 23 9.2 68148 ELB-124-11-3 4.2 0.9 4.5 1.2 38 38 19 8.7 64444 ELSG-66-2-4 2.4 0.6 5.6 0.8 40 35 17 8 59259 ESD-23-9-1 3.2 0.8 4.8 1.2 44 33 19 8 59259 ELSG-89-7-1 2.1 0.5 5.8 1.4 35 36 8 7.9 58519 ELB-124-13-2 4.2 0.8 3.7 1.2 42 48 16 7.9 58519 ERP-127-1-1 0.8 0.15 6.9 2.1 44 45 16 7.7 57037 NF 1 0.11 6.6 1.8 42 44 21 7.6 56296 ERP-131-13-1 1.2 0.15 6.2 1.5 30 36 13 7.4 54815 ERP-131-9-2 1.8 0.45 5.6 1.4 39 31 15 7.4 54815 ERP-127-5-2 2 0.16 5.3 1.4 28 31 18 7.3 54074 NF 2.5 0.7 4.7 1.2 41 44 19 7.2 53333 ELSG-2-9-1 2.8 0.21 4.4 1.2 42 40 18 7.2 53333 SES-143-7-1 1.4 0.5 5.8 1.6 37 31 22 7.2 53333 ELSG-89-2-3 2.2 0.5 4.9 1.5 54 55 12 7.1 52593 NF 2.5 0.6 4.6 1.4 43 45 16 7.1 52593 ELB-124-12-2 3.1 0.6 4 0.8 42 35 11 7.1 52593 Note: FW-1: Fresh Weight in first cut; DW-1: Dry Weight in first cut; FW-2: Fresh Weight in second cut; DW-2: Dry Weight in second cut; NT1: Number of tillers in first cut; NT-2: Number of tillers in second cut; NP: Number of plant per three meter plot; FC+SC: first cut plus second cut yield per plot; GF(kg/ha): Green fodder yield per hectare 4. Application of next-generation breeding, designed and synthesized from the pearl millet genome genotyping and digitalization approaches for sequences for developing genomic data in the founder lines. improving the genetic gain in Indian staple crops: A combination of genotypic and phenotypic data will be (PI: Dr. T Nepolean) employed to develop genomic-estimated breeding values through genomic selection models and to find agronomically A set of 1000 genetically elite breeding pearl millet genotypes high-value alleles. Parents with high breeding value will be having genetic variability for grain yield, stress responses, selected based on this approach for line derivation and to nutritional quality were assembled to initiate the genomic develop superior hybrids for different production ecologies. selection. About 2000 genic and non-genic SNPs were

23 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

Small Millets breeding. Therefore, there is need to have visual morphological markers for identification of true F hybrids. 1. IIMR/CI/2015-18/70: Genetic enhancement of 1 In finger millet, stem nodal purple pigmentation is widely finger millet genotypes for yield and its related traits used as dominant marker for identification of true F1s, (PI: KN Ganapathy) although its less stable and expressed at tillering stage Virescence as marker for hybridity (40-50 DAS). A stably expressed visual marker at seedling stage would assist in rapid F identification and eventually Hybridization is difficult in finger millet and other small 1 speed up hybridization in finger millet. The leaf chlorophyll millets due to their highly autogamous nature, flowering virescence mutant 1 (vl1) isolated from improved variety time and small size florets. Presently hot-water treatment Indaf 8 from PC unit, AICSMIP has the potential to be followed by contact method of crossing is widely used utilized as early stage visual marker. Virescence is highly across institutes for generating breeding populations. stable across stages. By employing virescence marker, only Using these methods, the per cent hybrid recovery is less true hybrids can be transplanted to field condition which than 1% which is hindering the progress of recombination saves land, resources and time of the breeder.

N o r m a l g r e e n ( a t 5 D A S ) Virescence yellow (at 5 DAS) Normal green and virescence yellow (at 30 DAS) Fig. 7: Virescence trait expression in finger millet

Induced mutagenesis 2. IIMR/CI/2015-18/75: Genetic improvement of To create new variation and to improve yield traits in little millet genotypes for yield and agronomic traits finger millet, gamma irradiation was carried out with four (PI: KN Ganapathy) varieties viz., GPU 28, GPU 67, MR6 and IE 4683 during Little millet elite germplasm kharif, 2016. The advanced lines (M8) were evaluated for grain yield and related traits during kharif, 2018 and Kharif, Twenty elite germplasm from NBPGR and 12 IIMR 2019. Wide range of variability was observed among the promising selections were evaluated during kharif, 2019 mutants in comparison to the original genotype. Few at three locations viz., Hyderabad, Akola and Hagari. mutants were promising for target yield traits (Table 21). Based on the performance for grain yield at Hyderabad, For creation of new variability mutation breeding serves as the lines, IC 0483220, IC 0483142, IC0298429, IIMR-7, an alternate approach over the hybridization breeding due GPMR223, GPMR 960 were promising over the better to the difficulty in crossing techniques. check DHLM36-3. At Hagari, the lines, GPMR 1153- 2, GPMR6, IC 0483220, IC 0483359, IC 0483429 were Table 21: Improved grain yield mutants (M8) derived from released cultivars superior over the better check DHLM 36-3. Based on the mean of two locations, five lines were promising for grain Target traits Variety Mutants (M8) yield and related traits (Table 22). Among five lines, three Finger length GPU 28 (8 cm) GPU28-5704 (9-10 cm) lines IC0483220, IC0483429, GPMR1153-2 were early Earliness MR-6 (128-130 days) MR6-5545 (120 days) maturing. Finger length GPU 67 (6-7 cm) GPU67-5711, GPU67- 5712 (8-9 cm) Grain size IE 4683 (2.8 g/1000 IE4683-5692, IE4683- seeds) 5692 (3.3 g/1000 seeds)

24 Research Accomplishments

Table 22: Promising germplasm lines for grain yield Plant height Days to Grain yield (g/ % increase over Germplasm Tillers (no.) Panicle length (cm) (cm) Maturity (d) plot) DHLM36-3 IC0483220 96.4 3.1 18.2 96 345 16.81 IC0483359 105.4 3.4 21 110 325 11.69 IC0483429 105 2.1 19.6 86 320 10.31 IIMR-7 124.7 2.3 21.7 112 305 5.90 GPMR1153-2 100.3 3.2 20.8 96 347.5 17.41 DHLM36-3 (check) 116 3.2 25.7 96 287.5

3. IIMR/CI/2015-18/71: Genetic enhancement of grain yield and related traits and identification of trait specific genotypes in foxtail millet (PI: K Hariprasanna) Promising foxtail millet selections Two station trials were conducted involving promising selections of foxtail millet. In the first trial 37 selections were evaluated along with three released varieties as checks. Data Fig. 8: Grain yield and days to flower in promising selections were recorded for grain yield and related traits. The grain yield ranged from 910 kg/ha to 3275 kg/ha with a mean of Foxtail millet core collection 2007 kg/ha. The best check was SiA 3156 and Sel. KOPFM A core collection consisting of 95 accessions was evaluated 24 recorded grain yield superiority of >20%. Selections from along with five varietal checks for two seasons at Hyderabad KOPFM 39 and GS 498 had grain yield on a par with the best and Solapur for grain yield and related agro-morphological check (Fig. 8). Sel. KOPFM 24, Sel. KOPFM 17, Sel. GS 372, Sel. traits, and for foliar diseases. Very good genetic variability ERP 40 and Sel. ERP 31 exhibited very less lodging despite was recorded for majority of the traits except days to adverse weather conditions. The mean duration to 50% flowering and maturity (<6%) at both the locations. The flowering ranged from 47 to 66 days and three selections heritability was low to moderate for most of the traits (0.03- (Sel. ERP 31, ERP 40 and GS 1500) were early compared to 0.42) including grain yield though the crop is highly self- the early checks SiA 3156 and Suryanandi but grain yield was pollinated. The grain yield was positively associated with low. Plant height ranged from 56 to 129 cm with a mean of test weight, panicle weight and bristle length. Hierarchical 110 cm while inflorescence length ranged from 11.4 to 25.4 clustering with Ward’s method grouped the accessions cm with a mean of 15.8 cm. Some of the genotypes (Sel. into eight distinct clusters with number of accessions from GS 450, KOPFM 20, ISe 1059, ISe 275 and ISe 1488) varying from 6 to 25 in each (Fig. 9). Accessions GS1500, had less tillers with good yielding capacity (> 2000 kg/ha). GS495, GS498, GS372, GS164, GS763 and GS760 were high Based on the results of station trial Sel. KOPFM 24 will be yielding, while GS2026, GS1308 and GS495 had bold seeds. multiplied and proposed for multi-location testing under For leaf blight, 11 accessions showed moderate resistance AICRP on Small millets. (score 4-5) while 83 were susceptible (score 6-7) and six In the second trial 38 selections were evaluated in a were high susceptible (score 8-9). For rust 25 accessions replicated trial along with two checks (SiA 326 and SiA showed highly resistant reaction while only 12 were 3156). Grain yield had a very wide range. Seven genotypes susceptible. Accessions GS34 and GS617 showed moderate resistance consistently for leaf blight, while for rust GS317, (Kempu Navane, ELS 43, CB-GS-747/1, ERP 82, Haalu GS40, GS432, GS453, GS495 and GS760 exhibited highly Navane, ERP 40 and ESD 42) recorded grain yield advantage resistant reaction. Presence of good diversity indicates of 6-45% over the best check, SiA 326. The selections will be that the core collection has captured good proportion of evaluated for one more season to ascertain the superiority. variation and can act as a reference set for further genetic

25 IIMR-Annual Report 2019 studies. Trait-specific accessions identified can be used for Characterization of new germplasm development of trait core sets. Sixty-four germplasm accessions selected based on agronomic superiority were characterized for grain yield and related traits along with two checks. Very high variation was observed for days to flowering, plant height, inflorescence length, inflorescence lobes, lobe compactness and grain yield. For grain yield 26 accessions recorded higher grain yield per plant (18.22- 28.2 g/plant) compared to check Suryanandi (17.92 g/plant). Accession IC 479473 was early (49 days) in flowering compared to Suryanandi (51 days). Fourteen accessions had marginally bigger seed size compared to checks. Some of the accessions like IC 0622075, ELS 115, ESD 3, IC 0622117, IC 0622081 and IC 479473 recorded > 25 g/plant grain yield (Fig. 10).

Fig. 9: Hierarchical clustering of core collection with Ward’s method

IC 0622075 ELS 115 ESD 3 IC 0622117 IC 0622081 IC 479473 Fig. 10: New germplasm accessions with high grain yield potential

Creation of new variability For creation of new variability two elite varieties were subjected to gamma irradiation at four different dosages.

The selections made in M2 and M3 generation were planted in panicle to row fashion during kharif 2019. From the progeny rows further selections were made based on plant and panicle characteristics. Some of the selections were very early compared to parent while some had bigger panicles/long lobes (Fig. 11). The M4/M5 generation of selections will be advanced further. Fig. 11: Promising mutants: SN M3 600-15 (early) and SiA M3 600-25 (long lobes)

26 Research Accomplishments

For the purpose of recombination breeding crosses were attempted using hot water treatment for emasculation.

Probable hybrids were identified out of 14 crosses and F2 seed was harvested. The F2 generation of 11 crosses were planted in the field (Fig. 12) and selected plants were harvested in bulk for further advancement and selection. Out of 35 new crosses planted 20 true hybrids were Fig. 13: Artificial emasculation a) Hot water treatment identified and F2 seed was harvested in bulk. b) Cold water treatment Mutation breeding Two varieties RKS390-25 and TNAU86 were irradiated with 100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy of gamma rays at the BARC, Mumbai. Effect of gamma irradiation on M1 generation was studied. In general, with increasing dose, germination and survival decreased. Abnormal panicles, striata and Xantha effects were observed in M1 generation. Pollen sterility was increased with increasing irradiation dose but the spikelet fertility was not affected much. Increase in pollen sterility ranged from 5-12% in RKS390-25, and 4

Fig. 12: F2 generation of Prasad × GS 966 -19% in TNAU86 (Fig. 14). 4. IIMR/CI/2015-18/72: Genetic enhancement of grain yield and contributing traits in kodo millet (PI: C Deepika) Artificial emasculation To assist recombination breeding in kodo millet, artificial emasculation through hot and cold-water treatment was carried out. In hot water treatment, just emerged panicles from the boot were treated with hot water at temperature 48oC for 3 and 5 min. and 50oC for 3 and 5 min. Complete chaffy panicles were observed at 50oC for 3 and 5 min. At 48oC for 3- and 5-min. treatment, irregular grain filling was observed with 55% and 63% sterility. Hence this temperature was found effective for creating sterility (Fig. 13). On the other hand, in cold water treatment, just emerged panicles were treated with cold water of 5oC for 1 and 2 minutes. Irregular grain filling was observed at both Fig. 14: Effect of gamma irradiation on spikelet fertility and situations with 64% and 69% spikelet sterility. pollen sterility 5. IIMR/CI/2015-18/73: Genetic improvement of proso millet for yield and yield contributing traits (PI: Avinash Singode) Identification of promising entries: Selection were performed in the germplasm accessions. The performance of these selects was tested in replicated yield trials (Table 23).

27 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

Table 23: Entries with high potential for grain and fodder yield in proso millet

Fodder Fodder No. of Plant Peduncle Flag leaf Grain S. Flage leaf Line Name FW DW tillers/ height length length Leaf colour Yield No. width (cm) (kg/plot) (kg/plot) plant (cm) (cm) (cm) (kg/ha)

4 TNPM307 15.1 4.4 4 120 62 28 1.5 Green 2962

5 TNPM308 12.5 4 5 125 61 33 1.5 Green 3259

15 Pro146 10 1.7 4 74 32 15 1 Green 3259

26 Pro202 11.2 3 5 121 37 24 1.5 Green 2814

28 IC 0597718 10.6 3 5 96 39 19 1 Green 3259

32 IC 0484074 4.4 1.1 4 84 34 26 1.5 Dark Green 2814

21 TNAU 145 8.8 2 4 105 41 24 1.5 Green 1925

22 TNAU151 10 1.8 3 109 55 27 1.5 Dark Green 888

50 TNAU 145 6.5 2.3 4 99 36 21 1.5 Dark Green 1185

51 TNAU151 5.5 1.7 3 115 56 35 1.5 Green 740.74

Crossing for recombination breeding: Four crosses were Promising entries: Two entries selected from germplasm generated using the released cultivars TNAU145 and TNAU lines (Table 24, Fig. 15) were found superior in the yield 151; selections from germplasm lines IIMR-225, IIMR-10; trials will be submitted for all India testing in AICRP trials. IIMR-118 and IIMR-163. The released cultivars were used Yield performance of the two entries given below. IIMR-1 is a spreading type, short height (70 cm), short duration as pollinators. The F2 thus produced did not show much (<70 days) and high yielding. The genotype also showed less variation. However, the generation advancement is taken shattering. At the time of maturation, the leaves remain up by ear-to-row method. green which can be fed to animals. Table 24: Performance of promising proso millet entries in station trials Kharif 2018 Kharif 2019 Grain Fodder % Grain yield % Fodder yield Grain Fodder % Grain yield % Fodder yield Entry yield yield superiority over superiority over yield yield superiority over superiority over (kg/h) (kg/ha) TNAU-145 TNAU-145 (kg/ha) (kg/ha) TNAU-145 TNAU-145 IIMR-118 2584 3679 16.92 17.47 2688 3825 22.29 18.83 IIMR-1 2548 3368 15.29 35.17 2567 3766 16.79 16.99 TNAU-145 (Check) 2210 3293 - - 2198 3219 3219 - TNAU- 151 2122 2850 - - 2100 3025 3025 - (Check)

IIMR-1 IIMR-118 Fig. 15: Field view of selected promising entries of proso millet

28 Research Accomplishments

6. IIMR/CI/2016-21/99: Breeding for higher grain yield Fifteen genotypes were tolerant over check varieties for and biomass in barnyard millet (PI: Amasiddha, B) yield and in better expression of morpho-physiological traits contributing to water stress tolerance. Many of these Evaluation of selected germplasm lines genotypes were early, and was due to earliness, which is a Fifty germplasm lines selected for higher grain yield and drought escape mechanism and, in some genotypes, stay- high biomass were evaluated during rabi season along green trait was observed. However, it was also observed with four check varieties (VL-172, VL-207, Co-2, PRJ-1). that traits like early ground cover, chlorophyll retention at The experiment was conducted with two treatments, later stages are also contributing greatly to tolerance under -restricted irrigation with three irrigations and control with moisture stress. five irrigations. Data was recorded on morpho-physiological 7. IIMR/CI/2017-22/115: Brown top millet- traits to identify the drought stress tolerant barnyard Characterization and genetic improvement (PI: Bhat, genotypes and traits contributing to stress tolerance. Mean trait expression was less in stress condition compared to BV) control condition (Fig. 16). Brown top millet is a less known kharif season millet crop grown in dry regions of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh for grain purpose. A total of 32 germplasm lines of brown top millet were evaluated to understand the genetic variability in brown top millet (Table 25). The germplasm lines flowered in 50 to 62 days and the grain yield varied from 6.22 g to 21.65 g/plant. The accessions varied from 73.2 to 114.67cm in height. All accessions were tillering type, with 19.47 to 32.8 productive tillers per plant. Plant height and days to flowering were positively correlated to grain Fig. 16: Performance of barnyard genotypes in normal and stress yield (Table 26). 1000 seed weight was not correlated to conditions yield parameters including grain yield, corroborated by Note: NOT=Number of tillers, PH=Plant height, PL= Panicle length, PW= Panicle width, SPAD SS= studies in AICRP trial set as well. No. of productive tillers Chlorophyll content at Seedling stage, SPAD FS= Chlorophyll content at Flowering stage, SPAD MS= Chlorophyll content at Maturity stage, RWC= Relative water content, GY= Grain yield FY= Fodder was associated with higher grain yield in AICRP trial set, in yield, RI=Restricted Irrigation. addition to days to flowering and plant height.

Table 25: Genetic variability for agronomic traits Table 26: Associations (correlation coefficients) among yield in brown top millet related traits in brown top millet germplasm

± No of Grain Variable Minimum Maximum Mean S.E. No of 1000 seed Days to Variable productive yield / tillers weight (g) flowering Plant height (cm) 73.0 114.67 96.08 6.39 tillers plant(g)

No of productive 19.50 32.8 24.39 2.33 Plant height -0.0939 -0.1034 0.4769* -0.0090 0.4008* tillers (cm) No of 0.6459** 0.1073 -0.1970 0.0087 No of tillers 21 34.47 26.68 2.91 productive tillers Grain yield / 6.0 21.65 13.53 3.34 plant(g) No of tillers 0.1227 -0.1427 -0.0571

1000 seed 3.03 5.15 4.34 0.3 Grain yield -0.0131 0.4704* weight (g) /plant(g)

Days to flowering 50 62.33 57.31 1.83 1000 seed -0.1201 weight (g) *Significant at 5% **Significant at 1%

29 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

Molecular Breeding The association panel was genotyped using these markers and the allelic data was extracted for use in association 1. IIMR/CI/2016-21/95: Identification of genomic mapping for grain quality traits. Representative gel showing regions associated with grain protein quality traits allelic variation of the sorghum association panel using the in rabi sorghum through genome-wide association SSR markers, SB2723 and SB0530 are presented in Fig. 18. analysis (PI: P Rajendrakumar) 2. IIMR/CI/2016-21/101: Development of molecular Phenotyping Association mapping panel markers in kodo and little millet and their utility in The association panel with 180 genotypes comprising of genetic analysis (PI: P Rajendrakumar) indigenous rabi germplasm lines, released varieties and Towards the isolation and sequencing of microsatellites- farmer’s varieties was evaluated for grain quality traits enriched DNA fragments, the genomic DNA of kodo millet such as protein, starch and amylose content. The ranges and little millet were sheared with ultrasonicator and the of traits are as follows: protein content (%) varied from fragments in the range of 500-1,500 bp were eluted and 8.31 (Mogal Goal Jowar) 16.06 (SEVS23), starch content purified. The ends of purified DNA fragments were blunted

(%) ranged from 46.43 (PU1)- 97.25 (EP27) and amylose by T4 DNA polymerase and ligated to a linker DNA with T4 content (%) varied from 1.49 (CRS7) 21.91 (Afzalpur Local) DNA ligase. Hybridizations were carried out with 5’ biotin for (Fig. 17). labelled di-nucleotide repeat probes at standardized

temperatures [ATAGAATAT(AT)12 - 43⁰C, ATAGAATAT(AC)12

- 60⁰C, ATAGAATAT(AG)12 - 60⁰C and ATAGAATAT(GC)12 - 73⁰C] with overnight incubation in hybridization buffer. The probe hybridized DNA fragments were captured using magnetic beads and eluted with pure water by denaturing the beads. These eluted fragments are microsatellite- enriched fragments, would be cloned and sequenced for the development of microsatellite markers. A total of 158 SSR-enriched fragments comprising of 83 of little millet and 75 of kodo millet were isolated using the modified SSR-enrichment protocol. The details of the SSR-enriched Fig. 17: Variation in the starch and amylose (%) in the association fragments isolated and amplification of SSR-enriched panel fragments are given in Table 27 and Fig. 19, respectively. Genotyping Association mapping panel A genetic diversity panel comprising of 100 genotypes A total of 200 SSR markers (SbGM and SB series SSR each of kodo and little millet comprising of germplasm markers) distributed uniformly across the 10 sorghum accessions and released varieties representing the small chromosomes were analyzed for their polymorphism in a millet growing regions of the country was constituted and set of 8 diverse rabi sorghum germplasm lines and about evaluated in the field during kharif 2019 for grain yield and 60 SSR markers that exhibited robust amplification and its component traits. Variations in grain yield, plant height, polymorphism were identified. tillers / plant, raceme length and (d) grain yield / plant and other traits in little and kodo millet were observed.

Table 27: Details of the SSR-enriched fragments 5’ biotin labelled Probe (5’-3‘) Little Millet Kodo Millet ATAGAATAT(AT) 31 27 12 ATAGAATAT(AC) 18 17 12 ATAGAATAT(AG) 22 22 12 Fig. 18: Representative gels showing SSR allelic variation in ATAGAATAT(GC) 12 9 12 the sorghum association mapping panel genotyped using SSR Total 83 75 markers SB2723 and SB0530

30 Research Accomplishments

the plant with the maximum recovery of recurrent parent genome for further advancement. The positive plant with maximum recovery of the recurrent parent genome

(Table 28) in each backcross was selfed to get BC2F2 seeds

for raising BC2F2 population to identify homozygous lines Fig. 19: Amplification of SSR-enriched fragments in kodo millet for target genes. The recovery of recurrent parent genome was in the range of 70.0-81.7% across different crosses. 3. Development of sorghum genotypes suitable for Field view of the backcross population and donor parents lignocellulosic bio-fuel production through marker- is shown in Fig. 20. assisted gene pyramiding of brown midrib genes: (PI:Dr. P Rajendrakumar) Table 28: Recovery of recurrent parent genome in positive plants Towards the development of sorghum cultivars suitable for % recovery of lignocellulosic biofuel production, crossing was performed BC F N 2 1 recurrent genome between the elite dual purpose sorghum varieties, CSV 20 and CSV 27 (recurrent parents) and brown midrib (bmr) [(CSV 20 × Atlas-bmr6) × 102 83.33 – 91.67 lines, OKY 11 (bmr2), Atlas-bmr6 and Atlas-bmr12 (donor (CSV 20 × Atlas-bmr12)] × CSV 20 parents) followed by backcrossing with the recurrent [(CSV 27 × Atlas-bmr6) × 96 81.67 – 93.33 (CSV 27 × Atlas-bmr12)] × CSV 27 parents. During rabi 2018-19, the six BC2F1 generations possessing two bmr gene combinations (bmr2+bmr6, [(CSV 20 × Atlas-bmr6) × 108 80.00 – 88.33 bmr2+bmr12 and bmr6+bmr12) were raised for (CSV 20 × OKY-11-bmr2)] × CSV 20 undertaking foreground and background selection using [(CSV 27 × Atlas-bmr6) × 111 78.33 – 88.33 gene-specific markers and SSR markers, respectively. With (CSV 27 × OKY-11-bmr2)] × CSV 27 respect to foreground selection of bmr2 and bmr6 genes, gene-specific CAPS markers were used while the SSR [(CSV 20 × Atlas-bmr12) × 119 85.00 – 91.67 (CSV 20 × OKY-11-bmr2)] × CSV 20 marker Sb-bmr12 was used for bmr12 gene. Background selection of all the positive plants (heterozygous) for each [(CSV 27 × Atlas-bmr12) × 118 81.67 – 90.00 (CSV 27 × OKY-11-bmr2)] × CSV 27 backcross (BC2F1 generation) was performed using 60 polymorphic SSR markers for each backcross to identify

b c

Fig. 20: Field view of backcross population and donor parents Backcross population, (b) OKY 11-bmr2, (c) Atlas-bmr6 and (d) Atlas-bmr12

During kharif 2019, the BC2F3 plants with single bmr gene BC2F2 generations possessing two bmr gene combinations in the background of CSV 20 and CSV 27 were raised and (bmr2+bmr6, bmr2+bmr12 and bmr6+bmr12) were raised plants resembling the recurrent parent in overall phenotype and five plants resembling the recurrent parent with two were selected for each gene for further advancement. gene combinations confirmed by gene-specific markers

The biochemical components of BC2F2 plants selected for were selfed to get BC2F3 seeds for further advancement. forwarding to BC2F3 are given in Table 28. Simultaneously, six

31 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

Table 28: Estimated biochemical components in positive plants in BC2F2 generation Acid Detergent Neutral Detergent Cellulose Hemi- Acid Detergent Particulars of positive plants Fibre (%) Fibre (%) (%) cellulose (%) Lignin (%) (CSV20 × OKY11-bmr2) // CSV20 (1) 42 61.97 43.18 24.72 3.98 (CSV20 × OKY11-bmr2) // CSV20 (2) 35 58.71 45.21 23.65 4.02 (CSV20 × Atlas-bmr6) // CSV20 (1) 40 59.34 42.51 19.34 4.72 (CSV20 × Atlas-bmr6) // CSV20 (2) 51 72.31 45.30 21.31 4.73 (CSV20 × Atlas-bmr12) // CSV20 (1) 43 66.76 41.86 23.76 4.16 (CSV20 × Atlas-bmr12) // CSV20 (2) 48 72.98 46.38 24.98 4.23 (CSV27 × OKY 11-bmr2) // CSV20 (1) 43 64.18 46.21 27.12 4.02 (CSV27 × OKY 11-bmr2) // CSV20 (2) 40 63.22 44.13 23.24 4.09 (CSV27 × Atlas-bmr6) // CSV20 (1) 41 65.03 37.79 24.03 4.74 (CSV27 × Atlas-bmr6) // CSV20 (2) 38 59.81 46.36 21.81 4.73 (CSV27 × Atlas-bmr12) // CSV20 (1) 38 59.79 47.94 21.79 4.19 (CSV27 × Atlas-bmr12) // CSV20 (2) 39 65.79 39.90 26.79 4.24

and 2018-2019). Of them, twenty-four mutants showed Biotechnology improvement for the grain yield in the range of 19-47% over 1. IIMR/CI/2015-18/68: Induction of mutations for control (PEC17) in both the years across the four locations. sorghum improvement (PI: D Balakrishna) Among the twenty-four promising mutants, six mutants (M27-4-1-25-896, M27-4-3-13-110, M27-4-3-13-112, M27- Sorghum mutants for drought tolerance 4-3-16-168, M27-23-2-13-1103, M27-32-1-6-496) showed Ninety-one mutants developed in PEC17 (IC392140) improvement over control (PEC17) in the range of 2-13% background through gamma irradiation were evaluated for plant height, 1-6% for panicle length, 22-47% for grain for drought tolerance under receding soil moisture yield, 14-28% for stover yield and 2-18% in grain as well as condition at four locations (Rahuri, Solapur, Tandur and in stover yield in the range of 7-42% for 100-seed weight rabi Hyderabad) during season for two years (2017-2018 (Table 29).

Table 29: Promising sorghum mutants under residual soil moisture condition Grain yield (kg plant-1) Stover (kg plant-1) 100 seed weight (g) S. No. Mutant Mean % Imp Mean % Imp Mean % Imp 1 PEC 17 0.36 0 1.77 0 3.63 0 2 M27-4-1-4-20 0.43 19 1.90 7 3.77 4 3 M27-4-1-12-27 0.42 17 1.81 2 3.72 2 4 M27-4-1-21-32 0.47 31 2.31 31 4.45 23 5 M27-4-1-21-33 0.50 39 2.27 28 3.88 7 6 M27-4-1-23-65 0.41 14 1.73 -2 3.68 1 7 M27-4-1-23-887 0.43 19 1.97 11 3.50 -4 8 M27-4-1-24-71 0.46 28 2.01 14 4.06 12 9 M27-4-1-25-80 0.43 19 1.97 11 3.68 1 10 M27-4-1-25-896 0.47 31 2.01 14 4.17 15 11 M27-4-1-25-907 0.44 22 2.15 21 3.93 8 12 M27-4-2-7-92 0.48 33 2.28 29 4.14 14 13 M27-4-2-7-97 0.45 25 1.90 7 4.21 16 14 M27-4-3-13-110 0.44 22 2.18 23 4.19 15

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15 M27-4-3-13-112 0.45 25 2.14 21 4.30 18 16 M27-4-3-16-168 0.49 36 2.27 28 4.07 12 17 M27-23-1-5-277 0.49 36 2.04 15 4.06 12 18 M27-23-1-5-1093 0.53 47 2.26 28 3.71 2 19 M27-23-2-7-330 0.43 19 1.88 6 3.94 9 20 M27-23-2-13-1103 0.49 36 2.51 42 3.95 9 21 M27-30-1-7-440 0.43 19 1.77 0 3.66 1 22 M27-32-1-6-496 0.47 31 2.02 14 3.69 2 23 M27-32-1-6-701 0.51 42 2.00 13 3.60 -1 24 M27-32-1-8-538 0.45 25 1.82 3 3.81 5 25 M27-32-1-15-573 0.49 36 2.16 22 4.17 15 2. DSR/AS/2012-15/53: Over expression of genes involved in ascorbate-glutathione cycle to enhance the abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic sorghum plants (PI: D Balakrishna) Sorghum transgenic plants were developed carrying five genes superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR) involved in ascorbate-glutathione cycle under the control of stress inducible (rd29A) promoter through Fig. 22: Screening of sorghum transgenic plants for drought Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method for tolerance during T1 generation regulated over expression of entire pathway for effective 2A Transgenic plants from event D5 showing drought tolerance; 2B Transgenic plant scavenging or reduction of ROS generated during adverse from event D12 showing drought tolerance; C Non-transformed control plants; T Transgenic plants climatic conditions in SSV84 background. Twenty-five plant population from each PCR positive transgenic event (12 3. IIMR/CI/2017-22/113: Biochemical and molecular transgenic events) in T1 generation (Fig. 21) including non- mechanisms of thermo-tolerance in pearl millet (PI: transformed control. Drought stress was imposed when the Jinu Jacob) plants were at 30 days after germination by withdrawing water till all the non-transformed control plants died under Biochemical effects of short-term heat stress on green-house condition. After 20 days of the drought under pearl millet seedlings water stress condition nine transgenic plants were survived Heat stress leads to an array of physiological, biochemical (5 plants from event D5, 3 from D12 and 1 from D16) and and molecular events in plants, ultimately leading to all other transgenic plants including the non-transformed resistance or susceptibility. Seedling heat stress is a major control plants were died (Fig. 22). issue in A1 zone of pearl millet cultivation. Due to high temperatures, after germination seedlings wilt at the point of contact of soil which hinders the establishment of a uniform crop stand. Genotypes that are better tolerance to high temperature performs better. In order to characterize the biochemical events during high temperature stress at seedling stage, TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive Fig. 21: PCR analysis of sorghum transgenic plants developed for abiotic stress tolerance substances) assay and analysis of activities anti-oxidant T7 RNA polymerase PCR amplification of 814 bp fragment of gene in the T0 sorghum enzymes such as dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), transgenic plants developed for abiotic stress tolerance. Lanes: M 100 bp DNA ladder, P plasmid DNA, N DNA from non-transformed control plant, D1-D17 DNA glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) from transgenic events were carried out.

33 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

Lipid peroxidation by oxygen free radicals is one of the major for MDA hinting towards better lipid stability (Fig. 23) and molecular events involved in damage to cell structures hence better response to high temperature stress. In terms during heat stress. Estimation of malondiadehyde (MDA), a of lipid peroxidation, 89111B was most affected by heat product of lipid peroxidation estimated using TBARS assay, stress. One of the first enzymes that removes the harmful often gives direct indication of the extent of damage to peroxides, ascorbate peroxidase, was most active in the cellular structures. Similarly, dynamics of anti-oxidant 04999B and 99222B (Fig. 24). In comparison to un-stressed enzymes also vary among genotypes. To have an insight conditions, 99222B exhibited highly enhanced DHAR and into how various genotypes respond to heat stress, six GR activities under heat stressed conditions. In general, all pearl millet genotypes (R35, 99222B, 04999B, 89111B, the genotypes were found to show enhanced activities of 07222R and 07444R) of 14 days of age were subjected to ROS scavenging enzymes under stressed conditions even high temperature stress (42°C) for 3 hours. Leaf samples though at varied levels. This preliminary study indicated were collected after the stress period and biochemical the mechanisms of short-term heat stress tolerance in a analysis was carried out following standard procedures. few pearl millets genotypes. 07444R, 07222R and R35 were showing the least values

Fig. 23: Lipid peroxidation in heat stressed and control Fig. 24: Activities of ROS anti-oxidant enzymes under heat pearl millet genotypes stressed and control conditions

4. IIMR/CI/2018-23/121: Characterization of Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) are highly useful for molecular mechanisms of finger millet-Magnaporthe genetic mapping studies as they offer genetic variation grisea interaction through transcriptome profiling in the population and they exhibit segregation for all (PI: Jinu Jacob) traits differed between the parents. A RIL population had been developed in finger millet to study blast disease by Blast disease in finger millet is caused by the hemi- crossing a blast susceptible widely adapted variety, PR biotrophic fungus, Magnaporthe grisea. It is the most 202 and blast resistant pure line variety, GPU 48. devastating biotic stress factor in finger millet crop production and the fungus infects the leaf, neck and The study material consisted of 210 RILs belonging to F generation along with PR 202 (susceptible parent) finger of the crop, producing leaf blast, neck blast and 5 finger blast respectively, adversely affecting productivity. and GPU 48 (resistant parent). The seeds of all the lines The average loss due to this disease has been reported were sown in seed trays in two replications. Inoculum Magnaporthe grisea to be 28-36%. Blast epidemic is of serious concern as the of isolate was sprayed on to 21 pathogen is highly variable and the build-up of inoculum days old seedlings under glass house conditions and of new virulent race occurs frequently. Though chemical high humidity was maintained until scoring. Leaf blast control is effective against this disease, development and severity was recorded 10 DAI (days after inoculation) cultivation of resistant varieties is the most ecologically following a progressive 1 to 9 scale for leaf blast scoring sound and affordable way of combating this problem. in finger millet, where 1 indicates no lesion or small

34 Research Accomplishments pinhead sized specks to a maximum of 9 which is given late cv. VLM207) and kodo millet (early cv. JK36 and late cv. when lesions cover more than 75% of leaf area. The TNAU86) were selected. population showed varied response to the pathogen Barnyard millet (Fig. 25). The total number of RILs exhibiting each score was plotted against the score (Fig. 26). Though the graph In barnyard millet, there was a significant increase in seed was sigmoidal, none of the tested RILs were highly resistant yield per plant and plot from 20 to 48 days after flowering or highly susceptible. But a few lines were moderately (DAF) in VL172 and VLM207 (Fig. 27). In later stages, the resistant to leaf blast (scores of 3 and 4). Identification seed yield (YLD) traits started declining steadily with delayed of disease resistant RILs would aid in the incorporation of harvests at 55, 62 and 69 DAF in VL172 and at 62 and 69 these lines in breeding for resistance. DAF in VLM207. The seed physiological quality traits showed a steady increase and mostly significant values of seed germination (G), field emergence (FE), seedling vigour index (SVI), and seedling dry weight (SDW) with the advancement of seed maturity from 20 to 48 DAF. Later to 48 DAF, there started gradual and significant decline in most of seed quality traits at 55, 62 and 69 in both the cultivars studied. The results indicated that there were non-significant differences in most of the seed quality and seed yield traits from 41 to 48 DAF in both the cultivars, and it can be inferred that the seed attained physiological maturity at 41 DAF and harvestable Fig. 25: Reaction to blast disease in finger millet RILs maturity in barnyard millet cultivars (VL172 and VLM207). The study also revealed the cultivar differences showing higher values of seed quality in VL172 at all stages of harvest compared to VLM207.

Fig. 27: Effect of seed maturation stages on seed yield and quality traits in barnyard millet cultivars Fig. 26: Leaf blast score in finger millet RIL population Kodo millet Seed science In kodo millet, there was a significant increase in seed 1. IIMR/SS/2015-20/87: Studies on flowering yield (YLD) per plant and plot in JK 36 until 37 DAF and behavior, seed setting and maturity pattern and in TNAU86 until 32 DAF (Fig. 28). During later stages, the seed quality enhancement in small millets (PI: N seed yield traits showed declining trend steadily with Kannababu) delayed harvests at 41, 45 and 49 DAF in JK36; and at 36, 40 and 44 DAF in TNAU86. The seed physiological quality Experiments were conducted in barnyard millet and kodo traits showed a steady increase and mostly significant millet varieties during kharif 2018 at IIMR, Hyderabad to with values of seed germination (G), field emergence (FE), study the seed maturity pattern and to identify the stage seedling vigour index (SVI) and seedling dry weight (SDW) of physiological seed maturity and harvestable maturity. with the advancement of seed maturity between 21 to 37 Two varieties each in barnyard millet (early cv. VL172 and DAF in JK36; and 16 to 32 DAF in TNAU86. The later stages

35 IIMR-Annual Report 2019 showed gradual and significant decline in most of seed physiological maturity at 33 DAF in JK36 and 28 DAF in quality traits at 41, 45 and 49 DAF in JK36, and at 36, 40 and TNAU86, whereas the harvestable maturity at 37 DAF in 44 DAF in TNAU86. The results indicated that there were JK36 and at 32 DAF in TNAU86. The study also revealed the non-significant differences in most of the seed quality and cultivar differences for seed quality traits particularly at seed yield traits from 33 to 37 DAF in JK36 and from 28 to initial stages of harvest. 32 DAF in TNAU86. It can be inferred that the seed attained

Fig. 28: Effect of seed maturation stages on seed yield and quality traits in kodo millet (cv. JK 36 and TNAU86)

Effect of row spacing (plant density) and fertilizer were non-significant for both traits. Seed germination (G) levels on seed yield and quality increased with the decrease in plant density from higher Experiments were conducted during kharif 2018 to study to medium to lower respectively, however the difference the effects of row spacing (plant density) and fertilizer dose was found to be significant between higher and lower plant on seed yield and quality of barnyard millet (cv. CO 2) and densities only. The field emergence (FE) also showed similar kodo millet (cv. RK 390-25) with three levels of row spacing trend. Seed germination and field emergence showed [S1 : 30 x 10 cm (3,33,333 plants/ha), S2 : 45 x 10 cm significantly higher values with medium and higher doses (2,22,222 plants/ha), S3 : 60 x 10 cm (1,66,666 plants/ha)] compared to lower fertilizer dose. In barnyard millet, there and three levels of fertilizer doses [F1 : 100% RDF = 40:20:0 was no significant effect of plant density and fertilizer levels on seed yield and quality. kg NP2O5K2O/ha, F2 : 150% RDF = 60:30:0 kg NP2O5K2O/ ha, F3 : 200% RDF = 80:40:0 kg NP2O5K2O/ha] in FRBD with four replications. The observations were recorded for the characters viz., plant stand, basal tillers, days to 50% flowering, days to seed maturity, productive tillers, panicle length, plant height, seed yield per plant, seed yield per plot, panicle weight, No. primaries/ panicle, 100 seed weight, straw weight, harvest index, seed moisture, hardness, germination, field emergence, shoot length, root Fig. 29: Effect of spacing and fertilizer on kodo millet grain yield length, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index-I and seedling vigour index-II. Crop Health In kodo millet, the seed yield per plant and plot increased 1. IIMR/CPT/2016-21/107: Studies on millet with the decrease in plant density from higher to medium diseases with specific emphasis on blasts (PI: IK to lower respectively (Fig. 29). The seed yield per plant Das) increased significantly with the increase in fertilizer dose. Effect of blast on grain size of finger millet Similar trend was observed with seed yield per plot and Blast pathogen Pyricularia grisea infect the spike or finger seed test weight but the differences between three doses at flowering stage. Yield loss due this disease varies from

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28-36% and may go up under favorable conditions for disease. In the present study, 26 finger millet accessions were tested for the effect of finger blast on grain size, which affects yield. Various types of symptoms were recorded on finger and neck. Healthy looking and blasted fingers were sampled from each accession at the time of harvest and threshed separately.

It was observed that the pathogen can infect a finger Fig. 31. Change of seed color and shape due to blast infection at a single or multiple site along its length. Lesion size a) healthy seed, c) discolored and deformed infected seed gradually increases and reaches the base of the spikelet. and c) Growth of pathogen on styler end Such spikelet generally fails to form seed. Spikelets away from the lesion may form seed but become chaffy up due to cut-off of nutrient supply from the mother plant. Sometimes neck of the peduncle is infected and fingers in such plant dried up either partially or completely. Different types of infections are described (Fig. 30). Infected seeds were deformed and darker in color (Fig. 31). On incubation such seed often develop growth of the pathogen. Grain size (weight/1000) varied from 1.81–3.38 Fig. 32: Effect of finger blast on grain size of different finger g/1000 in healthy and 0.23–2.20 in blasted fingers. Fifteen millet accessions accessions recoded >2.5 g grain size in healthy fingers of which GPU28, GE48 and GE64 showed >3.0 g/1000 (Fig. 2. IIMR/BS/2015-20/86: Etiology, epidemiology and 32). Grain size reduction varied from 2–91%. In majority management of important diseases of rabi sorghum of the accessions (15 Nos), there was more than 40% with emphasis on root and stalk rots (PI: KK Sharma) reduction. Accession GE140, 147, 168 and 416 showed Etiology and epidemiology of rabi sorghum diseases least reduction of grain size due to finger blast. Seedling Blight: Incidence of seedling blight was less than 10% in 1st to 2nd week of October sown crop, probably due to high soil moisture conditions (54.7 mm rain in October) prevailing at the time of sowing. The average temperatures during the month ranged between 34.2 0C (Max.) - 19.3 0C (Min.). Isolation from diseased seedlings revealed growth of Macrophomina phaseoilna and association of Fusarium spp. Charcoal rot: Charcoal rot infections were first observed on 20th December, 2018 at Mulegaon farm on variety CSV29R. Isolations from infected stem near the soil level (which was still green) revealed growth ofM. phaseolina. Soil moisture content measured through gravimetric method was 16.8% at the time of CR observations. Though the leaves of the infected plant had started drying, some portion of stem was still green but revealed infected cortex on splitting. Fig. 30. Various stages of finger and neck blast infection and severity. Pathogenicity of Macrophomina phaseolina a) Initial infection, one or more small lesion(s) on finger, b) Increase in lesion size, Pathogenicity on mature plants: Pathogenicity of spikelets close to the lesion are affected, c) Drying of finger, proximal part of finger Macrophomina phaseolina isolated from seedling blight (SB) from the point of infection dries up, d) Initial infection on neck, e) Infection close to finger base, one or more fingers are affected, and f) whole neck blasted, all fingers and charcoal rot (CR) infected plants was studied on sorghum dead with unfilled grains. variety CSV26R plants (107 days old). Five plants under

37 IIMR-Annual Report 2019 each treatment were inoculated with the seedling blight of the same fungicide. Seed treatment with fungicide and charcoal rot isolates of M. phaseolina as per standard carbendazim + mancozeb (@4g/Kg seed) gave slight control procedures. Symptoms started appearing in inoculated (6.62%) of seedling blight. plants after 8 days of inoculations (Fig. 33). After 20days Management of charcoal rot of inoculations all the inoculated plants (100%) revealed Efficacy of Fungicidal bioagent: An experiment was infections under both the isolates. CR index was 59.56 and conducted to assess the efficacy of seed treatment with six 55.24 under CR and SB isolates respectively. Infections were fungicides, and soil application of elemental Sulphur and mainly due to inoculation of the CR pathogen. No infections Neem cake on charcoal rot management. All the treatments were observed in un-inoculated plants. were highly significant in the control of charcoal rot incidence over untreated control. Amongst the treatments, mancozeb seed treatment resulted in 58.45% control of CR incidence followed by elemental Sulphur (53.25%), soil application of Neem cake @ 1t/ha (49.46%), Sulphur 80% WP (48.38%) and Trichoderma viride (45.18%). Although, all the treatments gave reduced Charcoal rot index over control, differences among the treatments were non- significant. Effectiveness of Bleaching powder Fig. 33: Varied charcoal rot symptoms on stem with SB isolate A trial was conducted during rabi 2018-19 to study the inoculation effectiveness of soil application of bleaching powder on the Pathogenicity on sorghum seeds: Pathogenicity of two management of charcoal rot. The trial was laid out in an CR isolates (SB and CR) was also studied by inoculating area of 800 sq. m using variety CSV26R with recommended the sterilized seeds of variety M35-1 with the culture rate of fertilizers. Out of 800 sq. m, one plot of 400 sq. m was suspension of two isolates. Both the isolates were able treated with soil application of bleaching powder (@30kg/ to cause infection in seeds within 4 days of incubation at ha) applied along with fertilizers just prior to sowing and 26.0oC. Infected seeds which turned greyish blackish in other plot of 400 sq. m was maintained as a control. color revealed abundant sclerotia of M. phaseolina under Seedling Blight Management: Seedling blight incidence in the microscope. Present investigation clearly revealed bleaching powder treated plot in one-month old seedlings that Macrophomina phaseolina isolate causing seedling was 6.0% as compared to untreated plot where the incidence blight is the same causing charcoal rot at maturity. The was 24.0, thereby, suggesting 75.0% seedling blight control study explicitly indicates that M. phaseolina infections are with bleaching powder soil application (Fig. 34). prevalent in plants from the seedling stage itself and result in charcoal rot infected stalks at harvest, particularly, under soil moisture stress conditions. Management of seedling blight Efficacy of fungicides/bioagents: An experiment was carried out to study the influence of seed treatment with 6 fungicides (carbendazim, mancozeb, carbendazim + mancozeb, metalaxyl + mancozeb, sulphur 80%WP and elemental sulphur) @4g/kg seed and two bioagents namely T. viride (10ml/Kg seed) and P. fluorescens (15ml/Kg seed) and soil application with elemental Sulphur (@80Kg/ha) and Neem cake (@1t/ha) on seedling blight management on variety CSV22. Amongst the treatments, soil application with elemental sulphur (@80 kg/ha) resulted in 83.02% Fig. 34: Efficacy of Soil application of Bleaching powder on seedling blight control and was better than seed treatment Seedling blight Management

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Charcoal rot Management: Charcoal Rot (CR) incidence Table 30: Screening of Genotypes for charcoal rot was derived by randomly selecting 1750 plants each from resistance both treated and untreated plots. CR severity (CR lesion CR *Reaction to Genotype CR Index size) was observed in 50 plants selected from 1750 plants Incidence charcoal rot for incidence purpose. CR Index was derived by using CR Ph. Anuradha x 34.52 (5.80) 23.39 (4.81) MR incidence and severity (CR incidence x 0.4 + Lesion size PEC33 x 0.6). Results (Fig. 35) revealed that soil application of PEC-33 18.56 (4.28) 15.13 (3.88) MR bleaching powder (@30 Kg/ha) resulted in lower CR incidence of 22.22% as compared to control (30.11% CR Selection -3 x PEC33 15.38 (3.92) 18.20 (4.27) MR incidence), thereby, resulting in 26.20% control of CR. Selection-3 19.78 (4.36) 19.45 (4.35) MR Similarly, CR index under bleaching powder application Ph. Chitra x PEC33 54.29 (7.06) 34.35 (5.78) S was lower (16.24) over control where the CR index was 21.27, resulting in 23.65% control of CR index in variety Ph. Chitra 23.71 (4.76) 19.57 (4.38) MR CSV-26R. E228 x PEC-33 15.72 (3.96) 16.44 (4.04) MR

E-228 54.15 (7.32) 31.98 (5.66) S

CRS-52 x PEC33 37.22 (5.87) 34.89 (5.77) S

CRS 52 25.61 (5.04) 19.29 (4.39) MR

Parbhani Moti 41.42 (6.37) 29.30 (5.35) S

M35-1 28.63 (5.17) 18.08 (4.16) MR

CSV-26 26.60(5.05) 27.53 (5.24) S

Fig. 35: Efficacy of Soil application of Bleaching powder on Ph. Anuradha 27.81(5.25) 18.01 (4.24) MR charcoal rot incidence and CR Index E36-1 24.54(4.93) 19.27 (4.37) MR Genotypes for charcoal rot resistance Mean 29.86(5.25) 22.99 (4.71) - During the year 2018-19, 15 genotypes including germplasm accessions (already found resistant during CD(0.05) 2.09 1.23 previous years), varieties and their F1 hybrids were CV (%) 23.58 15.73 evaluated against charcoal rot in artificially infested Values in parathesses are sq.root transformations *R: Resistant (<10), field with Macrophomina phaseolina. Observation on MR: Moderately resistant (>10 - 25), Suscpetible (>25) Charcoal rot incidence and severity were recorded at the 3. IIMR/BS/2015-20/84: Biological intricacies in time of harvest. CR incidence and severity (lesion size) host-parasitic interaction between millets and shoot were used for calculating CR Index. Results revealed that fly species (PI: PG Padmaja) genotypes differed significantly for both charcoal rot incidence and CR index. Based on charcoal rot index, 10 Enzyme activity in sorghum induced by shoot fly genotypes were observed moderately resistant (CRI >10- infestation 25), and 5 were susceptible (CRI >25-40) (Table 30). The Fourteen sorghum cultivars were evaluated during kharif two genotypes found moderately resistant with lower CR season, 2019 for shoot fly resistance using fish-meal Index were PEC-33 (15.13) and E228 x PEC-33 (16.44). technique. There were significant differences among the The CR Index of genotypes during the study varied genotypes for dead heart formation. The germplasm lines ERP 79, E12 and IS 5095 were moderately resistant whereas between 16.44-34.89. the dead heart formation was greater on the genotypes DJ 6514, IS 27529 and IS 27865 (Table 31).

39 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

Table 31: Reaction of sorghum genotypes to shoot fly Genotype Dead hearts (%) DJ 6514 76.0 IS 27529 71.4 IS 27865 73.3 ERP 67 58.8 IS 4192 57.1 Fig. 37: PPO specific activity in sorghum genotypes after ERP 73 57.1 infestation by shoot fly ERP 66 56.7 IS 4478 54.3 Changes in PPO and POX activity were observed in sorghum genotypes in response to shoot fly feeding. Resistant plants ERP 65 51.4 exhibited higher levels of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase IS 4496 50.0 activities compared with susceptible plants. Peroxidase and ERP 79 45.0 polyphenol oxidase activities in the infested resistant and E 12 44.0 susceptible genotypes were higher when compared with IS 5095 43.3 their control plants, respectively. This suggest that resistant IS 18551 (R) 38.5 genotypes may be able to tolerate shoot fly feeding by increasing their peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase Enzyme Assays activities. This study revealed that these defense enzymes The effect of shoot fly feeding on enzyme peroxidase (POX) might attribute to the resistance mechanisms in sorghum and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were examined plants against shoot fly infestation. using a spectrophotometer. We examined shoot fly feeding- induced damage on sorghum plants and its subsequent Further research is needed to determine the role of these effects on the plant enzymatic changes. Shoot fly infested enzymes in the defense response of sorghum genotypes IS 18551, IS 5095, IS 4192, ERP 73 and ERP 66 plants had to shoot fly feeding and to evaluate these differences as higher levels of POX activity compared with their control potential molecular markers for selecting shoot fly resistant plants (Fig. 36). Shoot fly resistant genotypes IS 18551, IS sorghums. 5095 and E12 had a higher POX activity compared with the Shoot fly in barnyard millet susceptible genotypes DJ 6514, IS 27529 and IS 27865. Seed treatment with Thiomethoxam @25WDG @ 4 gm / kg seed was observed significantly reduce incidence of shoot fly (23.67%) as compared to in control plot (39.48%). Yield levels in treated plot was higher (18.06 q ha-1) than in untreated plot (11.52 q ha-1). 4. IIMR/BS/2015-18/85 : Systematics of immature stages of shoot fly species associated with millets in India (PI: A Kalaisekar) Fig. 36: POX-specific activity in sorghum genotypes after infestation by shoot fly Larval endoparasitoid, Neotrichoporoides nyemitawus of the shoot fly Polyphenol Oxidase Activity Larval parasitoid wasp, Neotrichoporoides nyemitawus Shoot fly infested IS 18551, IS 5095, IS 4478 and ERP 73 (Rohwer) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was the most plants had higher levels of polyphenol oxidase activity predominant species found on several Atherigona spp. Apart compared with their control plants (Fig. 37). Shoot fly from N. nyemitawus there were two other species N. beonus resistant genotypes IS 18551 and IS 5095 had a higher and N. viridimaculatus found parasitizing onAtherigona spp. polyphenol oxidase activity compared with the susceptible in millets. N. nyemitawus is an endoparasite on Atherigona genotypes DJ6514, IS 27529 and IS 27865.

40 Research Accomplishments sp. infesting millets. On an average 8 larvae emerged from 5. IIMR/CPT/2018-21/118 : Assessment of crop a single third instar larva of Atherigona sp. Larvae pupated losses due to major insect pests and role of enemies in 5 days after emergence from the host larva. Fully grown in reducing the pest load in millets (PI: A Kalaisekar) female larva measures 2.46 mm length and 0.54 mm width at middle, and male 2.13 mm and 0.49 mm. Pupa turned A preliminary field trial (with sample size of 30 randomly black from orange yellow color in 3 days. Pupa measures selected plants/replication) to assess the yield losses due to 1.92 mm x 0 .47 mm female and 1.64 mm x 0.43 mm male. shoot fly in proso millet (cultivar TNAU151) was conducted kharif Adult wasps emerged from pupa in 6 days. Adults lived for during 2019 at IIMR, Hyderabad. There were four 2-3 days under laboratory condition with sucrose syrup. treatments viz., protected from 30 days after showing Adult male measures 1.25 mm length with forewing 1.11 (DAS) to till maturity, protected up to 30 DAS, protected mm long and female 1.47 mm length with forewing 1.05 throughout the crop period, and unprotected throughout mm long. The parasitization percent observed in the field the crop period. The protection was imposed against shoot collected Atherigona larvae were tabulated (Table 32) fly using chemical pesticides. Each treatment was replicated thrice. The variables selected were number of basal tillers/ Table 32: Parasitization (%) of Atherigona spp. by plant, number of panicles/plants, number of dead hearts/ Neotrichoporoides spp. plant, number of shoot fly damaged panicles/plant (SF- N. N. Panicle damage), and grain yield. Analysis of variance Millets N. beonus nyemitawus viridimaculatus revealed significant differences in yield levels between Sorghum 22 * * treatments (p<0.000). The shoot fly damages at vegetative Proso millet 36 13 6 stage in the form of dead hearts as well as panicle damage Little millet 30 19 4 in the form of ‘blasted-ears’ significantly differed between Barnyard millet 28 8 * protected (p<0.000) and unprotected (p<0.000) treatments. *not seen Number of panicles showed significant difference (p<0.037). Post-hoc test (Tukey HSD) for number of panicles revealed Taxonomic description of immature stages of a parasitoid significant differences between treatments protected from wasp, N. nyemitawus was made to strengthen the 30 DAS to till maturity as well as protected up to 30 DAS. systematics and phylogeny of eulophids in Hymenoptera. A The number of basal tillers/plant was not significantly detailed taxonomic description of N. nyemitawus along with different between treatment. other two species is under progress. Taxonomic illustrations of immature stages of N. nyemitawus is given in Fig. 38. 6. IIMR/CPT/2016-21/106: Investigations on shoot bug and maize stripe virus in sorghum (PI: B Subbarayudu) Three field trails were carried out during rabi 2016, 2017 to 2018 at CRS, Solapur, Maharashtra with 24 cultivars of sorghum to determine the shoot bug and maize stripe virus incidence. The cultivars, namely, CSV26R, CSV14R, CSV29R, CSV22, CSV216R, Phule Revati, Phule Vasudha, Phule Suchitra, Phule Maulee, Phule Chitra, Phule Anuradha, Parbhani Moti, CSV18, PKV Kranti, DSV4, DSV5, Solapur Dagadi, Selection3, CSH15R, Katar Khatav, Hathikunta, IS18551, Y75, M35-1 were selected. The monitoring of shoot bug nymphs and its adult population was recorded at 45, 60 and 75 days after germination (DAG). Overall the cultivars, namely, CSV14R, CSV216R, Solapur Fig. 38: Taxonomic illustrations of immature stages of N. dagadi, CSH15R, CSV18 and CSV22 were found promising for nyemitawus fully grown larva (top), dorsal view of pupa (middle), the shoot bug in post rainy season at Solapur, Maharashtra ventral view of pupa (bottom)

41 IIMR-Annual Report 2019 location. These cultivars were also evaluated for prevalence was 86.9 and 81.8% reduction in DH over the control where of maize stripe virus during the study period. Observations in 14.0% DH were recorded (Table 33). For white ear heads on maize stripe virus were recorded. Overall, it was found also, T5 (1.36%) best and was on par with T3 (1.56%). There that genotypes, namely, Y75, CSH15R, and Hathi Kunta were was 66.5 and 62.9% reduction in WEH over the control found free from virus infections. Maximum virus incidence where 6.6% white ear heads were observed. Highest grain was observed in variety, CSV29R (2.36%) followed by yield was obtained in T5 (3.75 kg plot-1) which was on par Katar Khatav (2.23%), CSV26R (2.12%), and Phule Vasudha with T3 (3.56 kg plot-1), T4 (3.4 kg plot-1) and T2 (3.24 kg plot- (2.09%). The cultivars found promising for shoot bug and 1). There was 90.4% and 80.7% increase in grain yield over maize stripe virus could be used in the breeding programs. the control. Overall based upon the reduction in damage Positive significant correlations observed at 60 Days DAG to finger millet by pink borer and yield the treatment T5 between shoot bug adults and temperature (r= 0.92*); and (Application of carbofuran 3G granules @ 20 kg/ha) was shoot bug adults and relative humidity positive correlation the best and it was on par with T3 (Bb-45 @ 10 ml /lt). (r= 0.33). Further, at 60 DAG, negative correlation recorded between the shoot bug adults and rainfall (r= - 0.66). Crop Production 1. IIMR/CPD/2017-22/114: Development of system 7. Expression of resistance to diapausing and modelling platform to guide agro-ecosystem specific nondiapausing spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus interventions to enhance post rainy sorghum in sorghum and maize: Implications for crop production in India (PI: Swarna Ronanki) improvement and IPM: (PI: Dr. G Shyam Prasad) The project aims to develop necessary tools to accelerate Entomopathogenic fungi formulations the production of post-rainy (rabi) sorghum yields in India. Three isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Bb 5a, Bb 23 and Bb The project uses APSIM (sorghum) as a decision support 45), one isolate of Metarhizium anisopliae were evaluated tool to design suitable crop and management interventions for their efficacy for managing pink borer of finger millet for particular locations and to optimize rabi sorghum using a variety 5614 during Kharif 2018 at ICAR-IIMR, systems productivity. The validated APSIM modelling set-up Hyderabad with a plot size of 19.2 m-2. The bio-control is being used to simulate site-specific optimal genotype x agents were applied twice at 20 and 40 DAE as high-volume management (G×M) options, which have higher probability spray. to increase productivity in specific regions of rabi-sorghum The deadheart (DH) caused in finger millet were least in T5 production tract in India. The final simulation results of (1.84% DH) and it was on par with T3 (2.55% DH). There various G x E x M will be fitted into a decision support

Table 33: Evaluation of entomofungal formulations against Pink borer in finger millet

T. Pre-treatment DH% Pre-treatment WEH% Yield Treatment No. (DH%) (30 DAE) (WEH%) (at harvest) (kg/plot) T1 Bb-5a @ 10 ml /lt 8.68a 4.33c 7.67a 3.26c 2.79bc T2 Bb-23 @ 10 ml /lt 8.38a 3.74bc 7.96a 2.21ab 3.24ab T3 Bb-45 @ 10 ml /lt 8.40a 2.55a 7.76a 1.56a 3.56ab T4 Ma-35 @10 ml /lt 8.25a 2.62ab 7.90a 2.45bc 3.44ab T5 Application of carbofuran 3G granules @ 20 kg/ha 8.33a 1.84a 7.74a 1.36a 3.75a T6 Untreated/Control 8.23a 14.0d 7.82a 6.60d 1.97c Mean 8.38 4.85 7.80 2.91 3.12 CD (0.05) NS 1.17 NS 0.97 0.83 CD (0.01) NS 1.63 NS 1.35 1.14 CV (%) 12.64 16.14 10.2 22.30 17.53 DH-Deadhearts; WEH-White Earheads; DAE-Days after emergence; Treatments with same alphabet do not differ statistically

42 Research Accomplishments system for practical use of farmers and researchers using the parameters as described in Table 34.

Table 34: Parameters used in the model

1 Soil type Shallow soil, Medium soil, Deep soil

2 Duration of cultivars Very Early, Early, Medium, Late

3 Nitrogen fertilization 0-0, 20-20, 50-50,100-100 (Urea kg ha-1) Fig. 39: Overview of interactive map - Variation in Average plant 4 Plant density (plants m-2) 6, 8 ,10, 12, 14, 16 density for Gulbarga region in shallow and deep soils 5 Sowing window September (16-23; 23-30); 2. IIMR/CPD/2016-21/105 : Physiological basis of October (1-7; 8-14,15-21,22-28) genetic gain in kharif sorghum cultivars (PI: SS Rao) 6 Transpiration Low (0.95); High (0.80) responsiveness (Capacity Physiological basis of yield potential of historical of the canopy to limit kharif sorghum cultivars transpiration in high VPD) Twelve kharif sorghum released cultivars (6 hybrids + 6 7 Canopy development Low, Medium, High, Very high varieties) were assessed for physiological basis of genetic (power coefficient for gains in the yield potential during kharif season. TPLA max) Vigour (rate of canopy growth) Phenology: Significant differences (P≤0.05) were observed among the genotypes for phenology (days 50% flowering The output files generated from the simulations were and physiological maturity). In days to 50% flowering and further analyzed to calculate the mean grain yield, stover physiological maturity, genotypes CSH14 and CSH30 were yield, frequency of years with yield failure and biomass the earliest in flowering (mean: 64, and 63 d res.). Mean deviation for each G x E x M scenario. For each region, days to flowering and maturity had shown significant the results were analyzed for production (main target is positive relationship (P≤0.05) with leaf dry weight and total yield-mostly interested by large farmers with good soils dry weight at maturity. On the other hand, days to flowering & irrigation facilities) and resilience scenario (main target and maturity showed significant negative relationship is crop survival-for resource constrained small & marginal (P≤0.05) with source-sink ratio, per day productivity and farmers). In production scenario, while scoring the harvest index. simulations, 75% weightage was given to grain yield and Physiological traits: Significant differences (P≤0.05) were stover yield and 25% weightage was given to frequency observed among the genotypes for Leaf Area Index (LAI) of years with yield failure and biomass deviation, while and their components, biomass components among the in resilience scenario, its vice versa. After analyzing the genotypes. The LAI at flowering ranged from 1.22 to 2.86 at output files-the results were visualized using interactive flowering with an average of 2.03 (Fig. 40). Older cultivars maps (Link: http://maps.csita.cz) (Fig. 39). The study SPV462 and CSV20 still continue to maintain higher LAI than indicated refined APSIM setup with gridded NASA data others. Traits such as leaf dry mass, specific leaf area (SLA), could be successfully used to simulate the yields of and specific leaf weight (SLW) too differed significantly. Cv. rabi sorghum across different parts of India. The final SPV462 CSV20 and CSV27 produced higher leaf mass, SLA simulation results of various G x E x M options were fitted and SLW. In total biomass production at maturity, CSH13 into interactive maps/decision support system which K&R and CSH16 in hybrids, CSV20 and SPV462 in varieties allows the practical use by farmers/researchers for taking were superior to others. LAI has showed significant positive decisions on site specific management options. relationship with SLA, leaf mass, total biomass, while its relationship with SLW was negative (P≤0.05).

43 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

Leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD) and growth traits: Significant differences (P≤0.05) were observed among the genotypes for leaf area, LAI, and LAD among the genotypes and ranged from 1.45 to 2.52 and 34-69 d, respectively (Fig. 41). Older B-lines 296 B still continue to maintain higher LAI and LAD than recent ones. In general, all R-lines had recorded higher LAI & LAD at flowering than B-lines. LAI & LAD did not improve much in the recently developed R-lines (CB 11, CB 33) over older ones i.e., Indore 12, which had higher LAI of 2.52 & 69 d and is also possessing stay green trait. Mean LAI & LAD at flowering Fig. 40: Genetic variation in leaf area index among old and new has shown significant positive relationship (P≤0.05) with sorghum cultivars (N=12) leaf mass at flowering and maturity, total dry biomass at Grain yield and its components: Grain yield and its flowering and maturity. components such as grain number, 1000-seed mass, HI Grain yield and its components: Grain yield and its differed significantly (P≤0.05). Average grain yield of 445 components such as grain number, 1000-seed mass, HI g/m2 across locations was recorded with a range of 306 differed significantly (P≤0.05). Mean grain yield of 305 g/m2 to 591 g/m2. In general, hybrids produced 25% higher was recorded with a range of 192 to 480 g/m2. In general, average grain yield than varieties. Hybrids CSH27 and R-lines produced 48% higher grain yield than B-lines. Latest CSH16 produced more grain yield than others but these are R-line CB33, produced more grain yields than older ones still on par with older hybrid such as CSH14 under current (C43 & RS 627). Among the B-lines, latest lines were still on season climatic conditions. Among the varieties, CSV15 par with older lines. Lines recorded higher HI includes MS was superior. In general, hybrids recorded 44% higher HI 7B, 296B, and C43 than others. In grain number per panicle, than varieties (HI; hybrids: 36%, varieties 25%). Modern R-lines in general produced 27% higher grain number than hybrids had greater HI (37.0 to 42.0%) than older ones. In B-lines. Latest R-line CB33 produced higher sink number grain number per panicle, hybrids recorded 18% more than followed by AKR 150. In general, B- lines showed higher varieties as group. The per day grain yield had shown high rate of grain filling than R-lines. The rate of grain filling had significant positive relationship with HI (P≤0.05; R2=0.790), shown high significant positive relationship (P≤0.05) with grain yield (P≤0.05; R2=0.954). Both 1000-seed mass and HI. Interestingly, per day grain yield productivity showed was negatively related to grains/ panicle (P≤0.05). On the very high significant positive (P≤0.05) relationship with other hand, sink potential i.e., grain /panicle and grain/m2 1000-seed mass, grain /panicle, grains/m2 and grain yield. had significantly positively (P≤0.05) related with grain yield Both sink potential i.e., grain/panicle and grain/m2 had (r=0.721; 0.680; res.; P≤0.05). shown significant positive (r=0.929; 0.962 res,; P≤0.05) Physiological basis of yield potential of parental lines relationship with grain yield. Sixteen kharif sorghum parental lines (8 B-lines and 8 R-lines) were assessed for physiological basis of genetic gains in the yield potential under rainfed conditions. Significant differences (P≤0.05) were observed among the genotypes for phenology. The flowering ranged from 64 to 72 days with an average of 68 d. Mean days to flowering has shown significant positive relationship (P≤0.05) with leaf mass at flowering and maturity, total dry biomass at flowering. Plant height varied significantly among genotypes and mean plant height has shown significant negative relationship (P≤0.05) with harvest index. Fig. 41: Genetic variation in source to sink ration at flowering among sorghum parental lines, (N=16)

44 Research Accomplishments

−1 Biochemistry and functional foods content was lower in kodo millet (9.84 g 100 g ), higher in proso millet (13.21 g 100 g−1) as compared to others. Starch 1. IIMR/FF/2015-20/91: Characterization of is a unique food biopolymer among carbohydrates because nutritional functional and therapeutic properties of it occurs naturally as discrete granules and is composed of a millet grains to establish as health cereals (PI: CV mixture of two biopolymers, amylose and amylopectin. The Ratnavathi) mean starch content varied from 58.9 to 66.46 g 100 g−1. In the present study, highest mean starch content of 66.46 Grain nutritional quality of small millets g 100 g−1 was observed in kodo millet, while lowest starch Proximate analysis content of 58.9 g 100 g−1 was found in Barnyard millet. The Proximate analysis is one of the major criteria to assess the mean fat contents of kodo and proso millet were lower profile of key nutrients present in any food grain. The protein, and foxtail millet was noted as higher than other small starch, fat content of 21 cultivars of dehulled small millets millets investigated (Table 35). The mean fat content of the are studied. The mean protein content varied from 9.84 to investigated dehulled small millets ranged between 1.41 to 13.21 g 100 g−1. Among all the small millets, mean protein 3.83 g 100 g−1.

Table 35: Proximate profile of Dehulled Millet samples S. No. Millets Fat (g%) Starch (g%) Protein (g%) 1 Foxtail Millet Krishnadevaraya 4.56±0.004 64.42±0.004 12.91±0.294 Prasad 4.16±0.009 57.57±0.006 12.52±0.074 SiA-3085 3.88±0.005 64.66±0.012 9.82±0.074 SiA-3156 3.58±0.006 60.07±0.015 12.53±0.005 Surya Nandi 4.16±0.003 68.45±0.022 11.19±0.147 Sri Lakshmi 3.19±0.004 77.72±0.008 13.25±0.132 Narasimharaya 3.30±0.008 64.98±0.006 14.23±0.186 Group means 3.83 65.41 12.35 2 Little Millet Sama 2.59±0.004 65.87±0.015 12.65±0.198 LAVT-1 2.2±0.001 62.32±0.010 12.77±0.006 Group means 2.39 64.10 12.71 3 Barn Yard Oodalu 3.18±0.003 57.00±0.021 12.13±0.004 VL-172 3.44±0.005 60.79±0.006 11.23±0.007 Group means 3.31 58.9 11.68 4 Proso Millet Variga 2.42±0.005 63.13±0.012 11.38±0.004 NDL-P 2.14±0.062 61.11±0.010 17.05±0.005 PAVT-3 1.67±0.072 66.11±0.019 11.19±0.165 Group means 2.08 63.45 13.21 5 Kodo Millet Aarika 1.51±0.75 68.61±0.015 6.18±0.187 KAVT-1 1.03±0.56 63.61±0.010 11.85±0.154 NDL-k 1.69±0.13 67.16±0.019 11.48±0.087 Group means 1.41 66.46 9.84

45 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

Mineral analysis ranged from 2.15-3.24 mg. 100 g−1. Foxtail millet has higher Minerals are essential ingredients of diet and are required zinc content and lower in Kodo millet as compared to other for normal metabolic activities of the body tissues. Mineral small millets. Mineral calcium is a vital constituent of bones content of the 21 cultivars of dehulled small millets and teeth and is involved in regulation of nerve and muscle investigated are depicted in Table 36. An adequate supply of function, blood coagulation and in preventing osteoporosis. iron is required for women to prevent anaemia and iron is an The mean calcium content of dehulled small millets studied −1 important constituent of haemoglobin, myoglobin and the ranged from 4.9-11.3 mg. 100 g . Barnyard millet shows cytochromes that have important physiological functions in higher content of calcium and lower is noted in Proso millet the body. The iron content of dehulled small millets studied as compared to other small millets. Magnesium is an active ranged from 1.6 to 2.8 mg. 100 g−1. Barnyard millet shows lower component of several enzyme systems especially in energy content of iron, while proso millet has higher iron content metabolism. The magnesium content of dehulled small −1 (Table 36). Zinc functions as a co-factor in many enzymes, millets studied ranged from 9.0-20.1 mg. 100 g . Little millet such as alcohol dehydrogenase, glutamic dehydrogenase, shows higher concentration of magnesium, Barnyard millet alkaline phosphatase, carbonic anhydrase, DNA and RNA show low concentration of magnesium than other small polymerase. The mean zinc content of small millets studied millets investigated.

Table 36: Mineral profile of various dehulled small millet cultivars (mg%) S. No . Sample Fe Zn Ca Mg 1 Foxtail millet Kishnadevaraya 2.7±4.4 4.1±1.8 9.5±0.02 15.7±3.7 Prasad 2.9±3.5 3.3±6.5 6.8±0.09 15.2±1.0 SIA-3085 2.7±1.8 2.9±7.3 8.1±0.05 15.4±6.4 SIA-3156 2.9±2.2 3.0±2.7 6.9±0.11 16.3±1.1 Suryanandi 2.9±2.4 3.1±4.0 6.3±0.07 16.3±4.4 Srilakshmi 2.5±3.0 3.0±9.8 7.8±0.16 14.2±2.2 Narasimharaya 2.7±1.4 3.3±2.4 7.2±0.08 15.8±5.4 Group means 2.757 3.240 7.514 15.571 2 Little millet Sama 1.8±0.01 3.3±3.0 8.3±0.08 19.7±1.05 LAVT-1 2.7±0.01 3.1±9.0 7.0±0.26 20.5±0.68 Group means 2.250 3.200 7.60 20.1 3 Barnyard millet VL-172 1.6±0.01 3.0±1.6 11.3±0.28 9.0±6.0 Group means 1.600 3.00 11.300 9.0 4 Proso millet Variga 1.9±0.01 2.8±13.0 4.9±0.03 20.7±4.6 NDLP 3.3±0.02 2.6±4.0 5.4±0.11 18.9±7.8 PAVT-3 3.2±0.02 4.1±9.0 4.4±0.11 20.3±4.6 Group means 2.800 3.16 4.900 19.9 5 Kodo millet KAVT-1 1.7±0.02 2.2±4.0 5.9±0.03 18.9±3.0 NDL-K 1.9±0.01 2.1±9.0 5.0±0.09 18.1±4.6 Group means 1.800 2.150 5.450 18.5

46 Research Accomplishments

Total phenolic content NDL-P 13.398±3.09 210.49±6.6 One of the indicators of antioxidant capacity is the total PAVT-3 11.210±1.54 193.14±3.8 phenol content (TPC) of the food grain. Previously, it has been Group means 20 201.82 5 Kodo Millet reported that plant-derived dietary phenolic antioxidants Aarika 139.179±29.00 230.57±6.3 have anticancer properties. Polyphenols were also shown KAVT-1 54.414±10.44 214.21±7.7 to have beneficial effect on cardiovascular disorders. NDL-k 90.781±6.96 219.91±11.5 Additionally, intake of polyphenols was associated with Group means 52.3 221.56 low prevalence of metabolic syndrome. As presented in 2. IIMR/FF/2015-18/90: Evaluation of nutritional Table 37, the TPC content of dehulled small millets ranged from 20- 52.3 mg. 100g−1. Among the small millets tested, value of forage and stover from sorghum, pearl millet, kodo had higher and proso millet had lower TPC content finger millet and other millets (PI: R Venkateswarlu) (Table 37). Natural antioxidants from plants are needed Quality of sorghum stover to counteract the damage of free radicals to cells and Sorghum stover samples (22 entries) from Initial and preventing number of other pathological conditions. DPPH Advanced Hybrid Trial were ground in a cutting mill method has been extensively used as an indicator of radical to pass through 1 mm screen. One gram of sample scavenging/antioxidant activity of natural plant extracts. was subjected to Kjeldahl digestion for total nitrogen Table 37 shows ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant activity of small millet cultivars investigated in the present study. determination. Crude protein content was arrived by The mean ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant activity multiplying nitrogen content with a factor of 6.25. The of all the millets ranges from 199.96 -221.56 mg 100 g−1 . crude protein (CP) content of 22 entries was in the range The highest mean was recorded in kodo millet and lowest of 1.1 - 4.1%. The mean crude protein content of 22 was recorded in barnyard millet. The antioxidant activity is entries was 1.9% while the requirement of dairy cattle is attributable to the presence of total phenolics present in 12- 15% of dry matter. The mean CP content of 4 hybrids the small millet cultivars highlights the beneficial aspect of was 1.7% while that of 18 varieties was 2.0%. Variety its antioxidant potential in food. CSV 21F had highest crude protein content of 2.6%. There exists a good opportunity for improving crude Table 37: Total phenols, Ascorbic acid equivalents in protein content of sorghum stover. The mean IVMOD Dehulled small millets was 48% and the variety SPV2592 had highest IVOMD S. No. Millets TPC (mg %) AAEQ of 49.2%. Similarly, for NDF, the mean was 64% and the 1 Foxtail Millet Krishnadevaraya 39.648±0.000 202.81±11.9 hybrid SPH1919 had lowest NDF of 62.5%. There was no Prasad 26.113±0.096 193.39±7.01 significant difference between varieties and hybrids in SiA-3085 69.589±1.74 200±12.3 IVOMD and NDF content. Strong negative correlation SiA-3156 36.093±2.70 219.17±19.6 (r=-0.67) was found between IVOMD and NDF. Surya Nandhi 20.644±4.06 217.18±7.7 Sri Lakshmi 27.343±3.48 202.31±5.6 Value addition and Commercialization Narasimha Raya 26.386±1.35 204.05±10.8 1. IIMR/VA/2015-18/89: Replication of successful Group means 34.7 205.56 value added processing, promotional and marketing 2 Little Millet Sama 34.453±3.09 211.23±8.4 interventions in pearl millet and small millets (PI: B LAVT-22 25.9±5.2 194±7.6 Dayakar Rao) LAVT-1 21.464±1.74 198.59±0.3 Parboiling and De-hulling efficiency of small millets Group means 26.6 201.27 The main aim of parboiling process is to reduce the 3 Barn Yard Oodalu 48.125±2.70 196.61±14.3 amount of breakage grains during milling/de-hulling. VL-172 24.746±9.86 203.30±18.2 So, to improve the whole kernel efficiency by reducing Group means 36 199.96 breakages, a study has been conducted to standardize 4 Proso Millet the parboiling process by using small de-huller (Dhan Variga 36.093±6.96 foundation). In general, it was observed that the parboiled

47 IIMR-Annual Report 2019 millets have very less breakages and with improved whole without parboiling whole grains and dehulled grains are kernel recovery from 76% to 88%. Proso millet with and given below (Fig. 43).

Whole grain Dehulled grain Parboiled Whole grain Fig. 43: Parboiling in proso millet

Processing for pearl millet flakes 15 hrs. (T2) and 18 hrs. (T3). The recovery for T1, T2 & T3 are

A study was piloted to standardize the pearl millet flakes 53.50%,68.65% & 75.45% respectively. The wastage for T1,

T2 & T3 are 19.75%, 10.80% and 7.40% respectively. For ragi, by differentiating soaking timings (T1-13 hrs.; T2-16 hrs. longer soaking techniques gives higher recovery with 7.8 & T3-19 hrs. soaking hours). Among three treatments, T1- 13 hours (soaking) had highest yield (75.36%) along with overall acceptability on a 9- point hedonic scale. 14.40% husk yield and highest sensory score of 8.0/9. T 1 Shelf life of ragi pizza base was good among all three treatments. The samples were Shelf life study was conducted for 9 days where in one ragi subjected to shelf life study for pearl millet flakes for 4 pizza base sample was kept at room temperature (28 ± 2ºC), months by measuring moisture, water activity and sensory and another sample was stored at chilling temperature (4 analysis. Moisture levels were increased from 3% to 9% in ± 2ºC). The samples were observed for moisture, water all samples. Water activity was higher in T3 sample (0.567) activity, and sensory values. It was observed that in this and was lower in T1 sample (0.528). Therefore, soaking for process, sample kept at room temperature was spoiled 13 hours had good stability for 3 months. by 4th day, while the one kept at chilling 7th day, which Processing for ragi flakes emitted a bad smell. Based on this, keeping ragi pizza base A study was conducted to standardize the ragi flakes at room temperature for 3 days and for 6 days at chilling temperature was found safe for consumption (Fig. 44). processing by differentiating soaking timings, 12 hrs.1 (T ),

Fig. 44: Ragi Pizza base and pizza

Sorghum yoghurt starch. Further, sorghum milk was blended with soya-milk A non-dairy plant-based yoghurt which was lactose free in different concentrations. Yoghurt culture was added at was developed from sorghum and soya milk. Sorghum milk 15% concentration. It was found that sorghum-soya blend was prepared from sorghum grain. The milk so prepared containing 60% sorghum milk and 40% soya milk gave the was cooked in order to carry out complete gelatinization of best set yoghurt (Fig. 45).

48 Research Accomplishments

The product so developed was superior in nutritional value with total solids, 5.305, titratable acidity as 0.07425% as lactic acid, and 6.31 g/100 g of protein, and was microbiologically stable. Shelf life of the product was up to 7 days under refrigeration. Development of millet recipes Around150 millet-based recipes were developed and standardized, and some are depicted (Fig. 46). Fig. 45: Sorghum-Soya Yoghurt

Barnyard millet garlic bread Bajra Cheese Cookies Jowar French Fries

Multi Millet Blue Berry Muffins Millet Chocolate Lava Bombs Bajra Dairy Milk Chocolate Fig. 46: Some recipes from various millets

Cost and returns of small millets The table reveals that the total cost of cultivation of small A primary survey was conducted in the states of Madhya millets ranges 13088 to 24044 rupees per hectare, among Pradesh and Uttarakhand to collect the cost of cultivation which highest total cost for Proso millet followed by foxtail and returns of small millets i.e., proso millet, kodo millet, millet and lowest for Kodo millet, of which operational cost little millet, foxtail millet and barnyard millet. A sample of was ranges between 8877 to 14858 rupees and the fixed 60 farmers for each crop chosen randomly to collect the cost was 4147 to 9185 rupees. Among the operational data on various parameters (Table 38). cost items, human labor was the major expenditure item

49 IIMR-Annual Report 2019 amounting to 10381 in Proso millet and lowest wasin 47134 in barnyard millet. Return per rupee investment barnyard millet i.e. 3136. The gross returns obtained from worked out to be highest in barnyard millet (3.29) followed the small millets were between 14482 in little millet to by proso millet 1.33 and lowest in little millet i.e., 1.00.

Table 38: Item wise cost of cultivation in small millets in India

S. No. Particulars Proso Millet Kodo Millet Little Millet Foxtail Millet Barnyard Millet 1 Operational Costs a. Human labour 10381.10 6776.79 8768.19 3256.26 3136.59 Owned 4111.10 6776.79 8768.19 3256.26 3136.59 Hired 6270.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 b. Bullock labour 180.00 1726.62 1065.66 1680.25 4633.53 Owned 180.00 1726.62 1065.66 1680.25 4633.53 Hired 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 c. Machine labour 2400.00 0.00 0.00 350.00 0.00 Owned 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hired 2400.00 0.00 0.00 350.00 0.00 d. Seed 105.00 286.62 355.27 110.50 606.45 e. Manures and fertilizers 792.23 0.00 0.00 900.00 877.11 f. Plant protection chemicals 420.00 0.00 0.00 2350.00 0.00 g. Interest on working Capital 580.62 87.90 101.89 507.45 374.83 Total Operating costs 14858.96 8877.93 10291.01 9154.46 9628.51 2 Fixed Costs a. Land Revenue 100.00 0.50 3.50 25.00 0.50 b. Rental value of owned land 4234.16 4109.77 4144.47 2570.00 4710.48 c. Rent paid for leased in land 3951.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 d. Depreciation 400.00 0.00 0.00 145.00 0.00 e. Interest on fixed Capital 500.00 100.00 0.00 2752.75 0.00 Total Fixed costs 9185.16 4210.27 4147.97 5492.75 4710.98 3 Total costs 24044.12 13088.20 14438.98 14647.21 14339.49 4 Physical returns (Rs/ha) a. Main product 27189.00 12204.13 11159.10 14940.00 38278.14 b. By product 4814.00 3271.84 3323.55 2250.00 8856.45 5 Gross returns 32003.00 15475.97 14482.65 17190.00 47134.59 6 Net returns 7958.89 2387.77 43.67 2542.79 32795.10 7 Return per rupee investment 1.33 1.18 1.00 1.17 3.29

2. IIMR/VA/2017-22/117: Mechanization of millet efficiency of millet grains, optimization of millet polisher production, processing and value-added technologies should be done. To optimize the millet polisher different through contract designing, fabrication and testing trials were done by using different variations in polishing of machinery (PI: Dayakar Rao) speed (30, 35 and 40 Hz) and polishing time (9 min, 12 min and 15 min). Based on the data obtained, physical and Sorghum dehulling statistical analysis was done and it was observed that at 30 Dehulling is the primary processing operation in which Hz polishing speed and 15 min polishing time, dehulling outer husk is removed. In order to improve the dehulling recovery was 71%, broken grains 8.14%, unhulled grains

50 Research Accomplishments

20.36%, husk 6.2%, dehulling yield 84.4% and efficiency steaming time, dehulling recovery was 90.54% and yield was 85% respectively. With 15% grain moisture and 40 min was 76.47%, efficiency was 84.705%.

Fig. 47: Technological interventions 3. IIMR/CPD/2016-21/108: Development of database 19% were consuming due to taste and 4% respondents for millets stakeholders and market mapping of were consuming for other reasons like habituated from value-added products of millets in selected cities (PI: childhood, new product preference. C Sangappa) 4. Empowerment of women through application Database on millets area, production and productivity of multi-faceted bio-technological innovations was envisaged in the project to cater the need for policy in millets for sustainable income generation and formulation in millets promotion. Efforts were made for nutritional security: (PI: Dr. Sangappa) market mapping and of millets value added products and Efforts are being made in this project to enable women in consumer preferences of millets in the selected cities in rural and semi- urban areas to improve their economic, the Telangana. It was found that (65%) of respondents health, employment, environmental well-being and expressed instant mixes of millets like idli mix, dosa mix, nutritional security. The women Self-help Groups (SHG’s) of upama mixes were more preferred over other millets Janawada and Markhal villages were selected for collecting products, followed by (21%) consumptions frequently in the information through survey method. The profile of the the form of various recipes, like bisibele bhath, pudina rice SHG study units included details of formation of SHG’s, age and other items prepared by whole grains. Various value- and educational status of respondents of the SHG’s covered, added millets products were found in the super malls of religious and caste affiliations, marital status, occupational Hyderabad city. Taste, health benefits, weight loss reasons background, monthly income and expenditure and number were the main reasons cited for consumption of millet of members of SHGs. The information on whether the products. It was observed that 14% of consumers preferred members had knowledge regarding growing, processing millets over other diet due to taste and health benefits and consuming millets was also collected. Majority of of millets, about 50 per cent respondents are consuming the women SHG members 105 (87.5%) did not cultivate millets due to health benefits, about 13% respondents millets and only 15 (12.5%) members knew about millet expressed that they eat millets to lose their weight. About cultivation and cultivated in area of 10 ha totally. Those who

51 IIMR-Annual Report 2019 cultivated processed the millets using machines and used are being procured through tender and a specialized for consumption purpose. The non-cultivators did not have training unit would be created to cater the needs of bakery knowledge regarding millets processing, consumption and preparation from millets. Hence, training to SHG members their utilization in bakery products. The women members in millet processing, and value addition technologies would were involved only in saving little money in their bank enhance their knowledge level and gives sustainable income accounts weekly and are not involved in any kind of income for families and improve their nutritional security. generation activities. In this season, foxtail millet seed of variety DHFT-108-1 was distributed to 54 SHG members/ Extension Research farmers in two villages of Bidar district. About 41 ha of 1. IIMR/CPD/2016-21/109: Socio-economic analysis area has been increased. Millet primary processing unit of tribal community ecosystem using millets based includes, destoner, dehuller, grader cum aspirator, pulverizer, technologies (PI: RR Chapke) Flour blender machines, being established at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bidar to process the small millets to enhance the Technology interventions income of women farmers. Various awareness camps Eight technology interventions namely, (i) introduction on millets health benefits, recipes preparations, product of improved sorghum production technologies in existing development sessions are conducted. Demonstration cum crop system (8 trials), (ii) introduction of high yielding training programs on improved millets production practices, foxtail millet varieties (31 trials), (iii) improved pigeon pea exposure visits to food processing lab of IIMR, Hyderabad are production technologies (28 trials), (iv) introduction of also organized to women SHG members. Bakery machines pigeon pea and foxtail millet intercrop system (2 trials), (v) improved little millet production practices (28 trials), (vi) like, backyard poultry, dairying and goat farming were introduction of improved Brown top millet (2 trials), (vii) enabled to make additional income through utilizing improved pearl millet production technologies (49 trials) by products and farm waste which was found to be an and (viii) introduction of high yielding Kodo millet varieties imperative move for optimum output. (32 trials) were organized under crop and NRM module in 2. Frontline demonstrations (FLDs) on sorghum six villages in Nyalkal and Raikode mandals of Sangareddy district of central Telangana (Fig. 47). (PI: Dr. RR Chapke)

The technologies under crop and NRM module yielded Kharif sorghum better than the farmers’ practices; red gram variety ICPH During kharif 2019, 250 frontline demonstrations (FLDs) 2740 (92%) and ICPH 2740 (3%), rabi sorghum varieties; on sorghum were organized (Fig. 48) covering 100 ha in Phule Suchitra and Phule Anuradha (162%), little millet; seven districts across four major sorghum growing states DHLM 36-3 (11%), brown-top millet (5%), yellow sorghum viz., Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujrat and Andhra (7%), CSV27 (12%), foxtail millet; SiA 3088 (21%), Pradesh. Latest seven sorghum cultivars namely, CSH35, application of zinc sulphate (36%), millet intercropping PDKV-Kalyani (AKSV-181), RVJ1862, CSV27, CSV39, CSV36, gave substantially higher yield. They resulted into higher CSV37, CSV31, CSV17, Parbhani Shakti, SPH 1705 and GJ net returns (between 12% and 162%). In livestock module, 1 were undertaken along with local cultivar as a check to Vanaraja birds gave income of Rs. 4168/- per month by evaluate and demonstrate their performance in farmers’ selling 130-160 eggs and Nellore goat (10 female + 1 male) fields at different locations. Results indicated that the could generated income of Rs. 12756/- per month to each demonstrated sorghum cultivars gave 62% more grain SHG. These apart, primary processing facilities on millets yield and 39% stover yield over the local check across helped the farmers to realize higher income from dehulled the locations. On an average, the demonstrated cultivars grains under enterprise module. Though, improved millets gave net returns of Rs. 41,240/- per ha on the cost of technologies were proven to be profitable under crop Rs. 21,093/- per ha, which is 72% higher than to the local module in this study, millets and allied enterprise like, checks (Rs. 23,986/- per ha). livestock and business move could assure the enhancement of farmer’s income in rainfed areas. Millets-based farming The demonstrated improved sorghum cultivars irrespective

52 Research Accomplishments of the agro-ecological regions yielded better and proved Rabi sorghum more economical than the local checks. However, the rate During rabi 2018-19, 294 frontline demonstrations of increase varied at different locations. The 75% increase (FLDs) on sorghum were organized in seven districts in grain yield of FLD cultivars was obtained in Marathwada across four major rabi sorghum growing states viz., region of the Maharashtra State followed by 66% in tribal Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, and Gujarat. Latest regions of Vizianagaram district of the Andhra Pradesh. sorghum varieties viz., CSV-29R, CSV 26R, CSV 18R, SPV- 1411 (Parbhani Moti), Phule Revati, Phule Anuradha and Phule Suchitra were demonstrated along with locally popular cultivar as a check in farmers’ fields at different locations. The demonstrated rabi sorghum varieties gave 48% higher grain and 42% fodder yields than the local checks. On an average, the demonstrated varieties could earn net returns of Rs. 43,029/- on the cost of Rs. 23,010/- per ha, which is 61% higher than the local checks. Since, the demonstrated technologies have potential to increase the yields and profits over local cultivars (Table 39, Fig. 49), FLDs may be organized Fig. 48: Field view of kharif sorghum FLDs in Marathwada region of Maharashtra systematically in all the regions. Table 39: Yield gap between the FLDs and local check (LC) during rabi 2018-19 S . Location Grain yield (t ha-1) Stover yield (t ha-1) No. FLD LC Yield gap (%) FLD LC Yield gap (%) 1 Parbhani 1.96 0.98 100 5.12 2.04 151 2 Solapur 0.91 0.56 63 2.50 1.60 56 3 Rahuri ------4 Bijapur 1.46 1.22 20 4.06 3.16 28 5 Tandur 1.84 1.36 35 5.01 3.94 27 6 Surat 1.94 1.37 42 7.15 6.03 19 Mean 1.62 1.10 48 4.77 3.35 42

Fig. 49: Field view of rabi sorghum FLDs in Solapur district of Maharashtra

53 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

Sorghum

54 Trainings & Capacity Building 4

Trainings attended by IIMR Staff during April-December, 2019

S. No. Name of the Official Participated in Venue Dates International 1 Swarna Ronanki Data analysis and simulation of large data sets Czech University of 02- 31 May, 2019 generated in APSIM using high speed computing Life Sciences, Prague, and programming Czech Republic 2. Vilas A Tonapi Executive Development programme for Senior Europe 21 Sept.-3 Oct., 2019 ICAR officials 3. Vilas A Tonapi and R Data Management Review, Planning and Training Debre Zeyit, 9-11 Oct., 2019 Madhusudhana Workshop of BMS ICRISAT-Ethiopia National 1 Avinash Singode Spotting Agricultural Research Innovations-cases ICAR-NAARM- 3-4 June, 2019 in NARES Hyderabad 2 Vilas A Tonapi & Digitalization of Breeding Programs and Data ICRISAT, Patancheru 9-12 July, 2019 T Nepolean Management under ICAR-BMGF project 3 J Bhagavantham Efficient use of water resources NIPHM-Hyderabad 19-21 Aug., 2019 4 Swarna Ronanki Advanced Training in APSIM ICRISAT, Hyderabad 16 -27 Sep., 2019

5 Vilas Dnyanoba Aghav Farm Management ICAR-IIFSR-Modipuram 16-24 Sept., 2019 6 P Mukesh & Recent bioinformatics tools for Genome and NAARM, Hyderabad 17-21 Sept., 2019 C Deepika Proteome analysis 7 Usha Satija Seed Production, Processing, Storage and quality ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad 23 Sep-5 Oct., 2019 B Prashant assurance in Field Crops SR Meena 8 AR Limbore Motivation, Positive thinking and Communication ICAR-Indian Institute 23 Sep-5 Oct., 2019 skills for technical officers of Soil and water Conservation, Dehradun 9 Jinu Jacob International hands-on training on genome ICRISAT, Hyderabad 14 -25 Oct., 2019 editing technologies. 10 VSG Parvathi Assets Management ICAR-IARI, 06-08 Nov., 2019 New Delhi 11 Venkateswarlu R Training cum workshop on gene editing for ICAR-IIRR, Hyderabad 10-12 Nov., 2019 enhancing plant productivity and stress tolerance 12 Sangappa C. Advanced faculty Training on prospects of CIAE, Bhopal 14 Nov. to 04 Dec., 2019 emerging Agro based processing technique and Business opportunities 13 C Aruna, Amasiddha B, Multi-variate data analysis using R NAARM, Hyderabad 22-27 Nov., 2019 C Deepika & MY Samdur 14 P Rajendrakumar Statistical Genomic Data Analysis Reva University, 09-19 Dec., 2019 Bengaluru

55 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

Trainings organized at IIMR April-Dec-2019 West Bengal participated in this training course. The major objective of this course was to enhance competency of Start-up Ignition: Entrepreneurship Opportunities in the field extension functionaries of major as well as new Millets millets growing states. Overall, the training programme Nutrihub, ICAR-IIMR organized an event “Start-up Ignition: broadly covered the technological aspects of biotic stress Entrepreneurship Opportunities in Millets” at ICAR-IIMR management in millets, improved millets production on 18 April, 2019. A group of 21 participants attended technologies, appropriate extension approaches, the programme. The aim was to create awareness about preparation of value-added products, forage and sweet the importance of millets in food and nutritional security, sorghum. The trainees visited research facilities and field millets processing & value addition for new start-ups. demonstration at IIMR, NIPHM and ICRISAT. They were Dr. Sangappa, Scientist, ICAR-IIMR & Course Coordinator, also provided with reading materials, a compilation of briefed the participants on business opportunities in the subjects covered in the training, and publications of Millets. Later, participants visited centre of excellence and IIMR on selected topics. Dr. IK Das was the Course Director food processing lab. and Drs. RR Chapke and G Shyam Prasad were the course coordinators. Entrepreneurship Development through Millets Production, Processing and Value addition Seed Production, Certification, Processing and Nutrihub, ICAR-IIMR organized an event “Entrepreneurship Quality Assurance in Field Crops Development through Millets Production, Processing ICAR-Indian Institute of Millet Research (IIMR) Organized and Value addition” at ICAR-IIMR during 3-4 May, 15 days training on Seed Production, Certification, 2019. A group of 7 members from Sri Dharmasthala Siri Processing and Quality Assurance in Field Crops from Gramodyoga Samsthe, Dakshina Kannada District of 23 September, 2019 to 7 October, 2019. There were 16 Karnataka participated in the programme. The main aim participants including scientists, Assistant professors and of program was to create awareness about the importance technical officers working in ICAR institutes and SAUs. of millets in food and nutritional security, various aspects Dr. B Venkatesh Bhat, Pr. Scientist and Course Coordinator of millets processing & Value addition. Dr. Vilas A. Tonapi, presented the overview of the sessions and planning of Director, IIMR inaugurated this program and interacted lectures and Seed Production, Certification, Processing and with the participants. Dr. B. Dayakar Rao, CEO, Nutrihub Quality Assurance in Field Crops. Dr. T Pradeep, Director and Course Director welcomed participants & given (Seed), PJTSAU, Hyderabad was the Chief Guest. overview of training Program. Dr. Sangappa, Scientist, ICAR-IIMR & Course coordinator, briefed the participants on Business opportunities in millets. Later, participants visited Center of Excellence and Food processing lab to have an overview. Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) ICAR-Indian Institute of Millet Research (IIMR) organized 8 days training programme entitled “Model Training Course on Good Agricultural Practices for biotic stress management and productivity improvement in Millets as Nutricereals” for Agriculture Officers of different One day Off campus training on Millets State Agriculture Departments from 23 to 30 September Regional Agricultural Research Station, Warangal in 2019. Twenty-seven trainees from state agriculture Collaboration with ATMA, Warangal, off season Nursery departments of Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, (OSN) ICAR-IIMR organized one-day training program Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand and, Directorate of at RARS campus on 11 October, 2019. More than 45 Oilseeds Development (DAC&FW, GOI), Hyderabad and farmers participated in the training program received new Directorate of Jute Development (DAC&FW, GOI), Kolkata, technological information on millets. During, inauguration

56 Trainings & Capacity Building of training Dr. Jagan Mohan Rao, Associate Director, of by farmers and representatives of Uttarapally and nearby Research highlighted the importance of millets cultivation. villages, women farmers through SABALA-NGO, and Arogya Dr. P Rajendra Kumar, Principal Scientist, ICAR-IIMR briefed Millets Farmer Producer Organization Kothavalasa, school the participants about improved package of practices children and persons from press and media. This programme of millets and Dr. Sangappa, Scientist gave lecture on was organized by Dr. B Subbarayudu, PS, IIMR in coordination Value added technologies of Millets for entrepreneurship with Smt. K Saraswati of SABALA-NGO Kothavalasa. development. Later, Participants are taken to millets In Guntur District: One-day sensitization cum training field at OSN, ICAR-IIMR. Farmers are advised to form a programme on “Millets Cultivation, Production, Processing Producer Organization to increase the income. Training and their utilization” under SC Sub Plan to Schedule Caste was concluded with distribution of certificates. farmers at Nandur village of Ponnuru Mandal, Guntur district in Andhra Pradesh was organized by ICAR-IIMR on 2 November, 2019. Six hundred participants including farmers from nearby villages and through locals NGOs, women from Anganwadi groups, participated in the programme. The programme covered brief sessions on millet cultivation practices, production, productivity and their utilization besides integrated pest management technology. Drs. B Subbarayudu and Ch. Sashidhar Reddy, Principal Scientists from IIMR coordinated the programme. Indo-Brazil Agri-tech cross border incubation program Geo Tagging Exclusively selected five Brazilian and Indian start-ups Training on Geo tagging of fields, FLDs, TSP and NEH were hosted by ICAR-IIMR, Hyderabad as a part of first programs was conducted by Dr. Avinash Vanam of DAC&FW, International Indo-Brazil Agri tech cross border incubation New Delhi on 19 October, 2019 at Indian Institute of Millets program entitled as “Maitri” during 16 to 20 December, Research. In this programme, all the Scientists and Technical 2019 and participated in the interactive and cross- staff attended this session. learning programmes. Mr. Pedro lvo Ferraz da Silva, Head of Energy, Environment and Science, Technology and Millets Cultivation, Production, Processing and their Innovation Section, Embassy of Brazil, New Delhi was the utilization Guest of Honour, and Mr. Rahul Bojja, IAS, Commissioner In Vijayanagaram District: ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets of Agriculture, Govt of Telangana was the Chief Guest for Research organized a training programme on “Millets the inaugural session. The main aim of this program was to Cultivation, Production, Processing and their utilization” initiate collaborative partnership between India and Brazil under SC Sub Plan to Schedule Caste farmers at Uttarapally to facilitate technology transfer, innovation, research and village in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh on 29 trade collaborations. This programme was organized in November, 2019. About 400 farmers were enrolled and collaboration with Pusa Krishi Incubator, ICAR-IARI, New actively participated in this programme. Drs. B Subbarayudu Delhi. As a part of this programme, the team members and Ch. Shashidhar Reddy represented IIMR and addressed visited other research organizations located at Hyderabad the farmers about millets cultivation practices, production, such as ICAR-NAARM, MANAGE, T- Hub of Government of processing and their utilization. The integrated pest Telangana, CIE, IIIT, ICRISAT-Patancheru, Aleap-We Hub, management technology for Fall-Army Worm was also ICAR - NRC-Meat, besides Centre of Excellence on Sorghum given to farmers in the lecture on cultivation of millets and at IIMR to understand the concept of Incubation centres, other crops. The new value-added food products of millets and to realise the facilities provided and to know their were displayed at the venue and health benefits were also model of operations and participated in Panel Discussions explained to all the farmers. This programme was attended with GLOBAL Perspective.

57 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

Millets cultivation, production, productivity and than 250 farmers, 200 women from self-help groups, NGOs their Utilization and welfare societies and 200 students from Agricultural The Training programme on “Millets cultivation, School and colleges participated and got acquainted with production, productivity and their Utilization” was the techniques of millets cultivation, their nutritive values successfully conducted at Centre on Rabi Sorghum (IIMR), and value-added products and their production and Solapur on 17 December, 2019. This program was organized promotion. Dr. KK Sharma, Officer In-charge, CRS, Solapur, to train the SC farmers about the importance of sorghum Dr. Parashuram Patroti, Scientist, and other staff member and other millets in rainfed uplands in Maharashtra. More of CRS, Solapur organized this event. Training programmes on Cooking with Millets

‘Cooking with Millets’, a monthly training programme was organized by ICAR-IIMR at Nutrihub-IIMR during 2019 to promote awareness on nutri-cereals along with the methods of cooking healthy millet foods for participants belonging to different categories ranging from, housewives, employees, students, farmers and entrepreneurs. The trainees were also informed about the RKVY-RAFTAAR, Agriprenurship and seed support programs. These programmes were coordinated by Dr. V Ravikumar, STA of CoE. The details are as follows:

S. No. of Date Category of participants No. Participants 1 25 May, Farmers, Farm Women and 20 2019 Entrepreneurs 2 20 July, Farmers, housewives, Farm 19 2019 Women & Entrepreneurs 3 Farmers, Students, 24 August, Housewives and 23 2019 Entrepreneurs

58 Trainings & Capacity Building

S. No. of S. No. of Date Category of participants Date Category of Participants No. Participants No. Participants 4 21 Farmers, Students, September, Housewives and 14 1 18 April, Professionals from IT, Pharma, 20 2019 Entrepreneurs 2019 agricultural sector, home science students, housewives, existing 5 Farmers, Students, 19 October, and upcoming entrepreneurs. Housewives and 16 2019 Entrepreneurs 2 22 June, Professionals from agricultural 44 6 23 Farmers, Students, 2019 sector, students, housewives and November, Housewives and 12 entrepreneurs 2019 Entrepreneurs 3 29 June, Agricultural students, housewives 37 Total 84 2019 and entrepreneurs Training programmes on Start-up 4 27 July, Young Professionals from IT 27 Ignition-Entrepreneurial Opportunities 2019 Sector, students, housewives and entrepreneurs ICAR-IIMR organized a series of one-day training 5 31 Aug., Students, Professionals from 46 programme on “Start-up Ignition - Entrepreneurial 2019 agricultural sector, housewives Opportunities in Millets Production, Processing & Value - and entrepreneurs Addition” during 2019 at Nutrihub - TBI on 22 June, 2019. 6 28 Sept., Professionals from agricultural 34 Persons encompassing professionals from IT, Pharma, 2019 sector, students, housewives and agricultural sector, home science students, housewives, entrepreneurs existing as well as upcoming entrepreneurs from various states participated in these programmes. Dr. B Dayakar 7 30 Nov., Professionals from agricultural 31 2019 sector, students, housewives and Rao, CEO, Nutrihub-TBI, IIMR presented the overview of entrepreneurs Nutrihub and Entrepreneurial Opportunities in Millets Production, Processing & Value - Addition experiences and 8 28 Dec., Professionals from agricultural 18 2019 sector, students, housewives and its impact. Dr. Sangappa, Scientist, presented an overview entrepreneurs of program. These programmes were coordinated by Dr. V Ravikumar, STA of CoE. Total 213

59 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

National Workshops on Digital Field Book List of Ph. D. Students As on 31 Dec, 2019 Dr. M Elangovan, Principal Scientist, IIMR organized the following training programmes on “Digital Field Book” as Course S. Name of the Name of the University Year of Coordinator: Research Topic No. Student Supervisor Registered Registration S. No. of Date Venue Co-Coordinator Type of Participants Ph.D. Students No. Participants 1 Dinesh TM Dr. B Dayakar Rao PJTSAU, Hyderabad 2015 An econometric analysis of millet production in 1 10 May, 2019 ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistical Dr. Rajendraprasad Scientists and Technical 25 India. Research Institute (IASRI), New Delhi Officers 2 Ms. M Pallavi Dr. P. Sanjana Reddy & PJTSAU, Hyderabad 2017 Nature of gene action, heterosis and stability for 2 31 May, 2019 ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Drs. Rekha Malik & Scientists, Technical 58 CV Ratnavathi rancidity, yield and its contributing characters in Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal Venkatesh Assistants, Research Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) scholars, RAs and SRFs 3 Ms. B Nandini Dr. P. Sanjana Reddy ANGRAU, Bapatla 2018 Studies on genetics of heat tolerance in pearl Priya Yadav millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] 3 1 July, 2019 SAU-Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural Drs. Sathyanarayana Professors, Associate 30 University (ANGRAU), Guntur & Sambaiah Professors and Assistant 4 Ms. Kanti Meena Dr. KBRS Visarada Osmania University, 2019 Induction of male sterility in foxtail millet, Setaria Professors Hyderabad italic (L) 4 11 July, 2019 ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute (SBI), Dr. Suganya Scientists and Technical 81 5 Palety Kiran Dr. AV Umakanth JNTU-Anantapur 2016 Extraction and Characterization of antioxidants Coimbatore Officers Kumari from different types of Sorghum cultivars and their valorization in fruit juices 5 5 August, 2019 NIELAN, ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Dr. M Elangovan New Entrepreneurs 20 6 C Anjali Dr. Nepolean PJTSAU, Hyderabad 2018 Studying genes responsible for grain Fe and Zn in Research (IIMR), Hyderabad Thirunavukkarasu Pearl millet and rice using transcriptomics and in- 6 7 August, 2019 SAU-University of Agricultural Sciences Drs. Jayarame Professors, Technical 71 silico approaches (UAS), Bengaluru Gowda, Palanna, Officers, Research Scholars Suganya & Prabhu and M.Sc (Agri.) students List of Research Associates, Senior and Junior Research Fellows Ganiger As on 31 Dec, 2019 7 19 September, 2019 SAU-College of Agriculture, Mandya, Dr. CA Deepak Professors, Technical 100 University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), Officers, Research Scholars S. No. Name Name of the PI Project title Bengaluru and MSc (Agri.) Students Research Associates 8 19 September, 2019 SAU-College of Agriculture, Dr. Somu G Professors, Technical 93 Chamrajnagar, University of Agricultural Officers, M.Sc and B.Sc 1 Ms. Kiranmai E Dr. B Dayakar Rao NAIF-ABI Sciences (UAS), Bengaluru (Agri.) Students 2 Ms. Sujatha M Dr. B Dayakar Rao NAIF-ABI 9 24 September, 2019 Trainees of Seed production, Dr. M Elangovan Professors, Technical 17 certification, processing and quality Officers and Research 3 Dr. Dinesh TM Dr. B Dayakar Rao National Database On Millets assurance in field crops at Fellows ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad Senior Research Fellows

10 11 October, 2019 Vilas Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyalaya Dr. Jagirdhar Professors, Technical 60 1 Ms. Srenuja D Dr. B Dayakar Rao NAIF-ABI (VNMKV), Parbhani Officers and M.Sc., (Agri.) Students 2 Mr. Murugesh Dr. B Dayakar Rao National Database On Millets 11 18 November, 2019 SAU-Agriculture Collge and Research Dr. M Pandian Professors, Associate 150 HUCHGAUDAR Institute (TNAU), Vazhavachanur, Professors and Assistant 3 Mr. Niranjan T Dr. Avinash Singode SINGODE NAIF-ZTMC Thiruvannamalai Professors; and (Agri.) Students 4 Mr. Suresh P. Dr. Hariprasanna K. Centrally sponsored scheme of PPV&FRA under “Sub-mission on Seeds 12 19 November, 2019 SAU-College of Agriculture, ANGRAU, Dr. Srinivas Professors, Research 37 and Planting Material” Bapatla Scholars and M.Sc., (Agri.) 5 Ms. Niharika G. Dr. Hariprasanna K. CRP on Biofortification in selected crops for nutritional security Students 13 25 November, 2019 SAU-Agriculture College and Research Dr. Vanniyarajan Professors, Research 55 6 Mr. Mahesh D. Dr. Hariprasanna K. CRP on Biofortification in selected crops for nutritional security Institute, TNAU, Madurai Scholars and M.Sc., (Agri.) Students 7 Mr. Harinath Reddy B. Dr. Hariprasanna K. CRP on Biofortification in selected crops for nutritional security 14 13 December, 2019 ICAR-Central Institute of Cotton Dr. K Rathinavel Scientists 16 8 Ms. K Swathi Dr. PG Padmaja Shelflife enhancement in millets Research (CICR) - Regional Station, Coimbatore 9 Dr. Ediga Shobha Dr. CV Ratnavathi DBT project Millet foods Total 813 10 Dr. Kanti Shree Dr. RR Chapke Farmers First Project

60 Trainings & Capacity Building

List of Ph. D. Students As on 31 Dec, 2019

S. Name of the Name of the University Year of Research Topic No. Student Supervisor Registered Registration Ph.D. Students 1 Dinesh TM Dr. B Dayakar Rao PJTSAU, Hyderabad 2015 An econometric analysis of millet production in India. 2 Ms. M Pallavi Dr. P. Sanjana Reddy & PJTSAU, Hyderabad 2017 Nature of gene action, heterosis and stability for CV Ratnavathi rancidity, yield and its contributing characters in Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) 3 Ms. B Nandini Dr. P. Sanjana Reddy ANGRAU, Bapatla 2018 Studies on genetics of heat tolerance in pearl Priya Yadav millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] 4 Ms. Kanti Meena Dr. KBRS Visarada Osmania University, 2019 Induction of male sterility in foxtail millet, Setaria Hyderabad italic (L) 5 Palety Kiran Dr. AV Umakanth JNTU-Anantapur 2016 Extraction and Characterization of antioxidants Kumari from different types of Sorghum cultivars and their valorization in fruit juices 6 C Anjali Dr. Nepolean PJTSAU, Hyderabad 2018 Studying genes responsible for grain Fe and Zn in Thirunavukkarasu Pearl millet and rice using transcriptomics and in- silico approaches List of Research Associates, Senior and Junior Research Fellows As on 31 Dec, 2019

S. No. Name Name of the PI Project title

Research Associates

1 Ms. Kiranmai E Dr. B Dayakar Rao NAIF-ABI

2 Ms. Sujatha M Dr. B Dayakar Rao NAIF-ABI

3 Dr. Dinesh TM Dr. B Dayakar Rao National Database On Millets

Senior Research Fellows

1 Ms. Srenuja D Dr. B Dayakar Rao NAIF-ABI

2 Mr. Murugesh Dr. B Dayakar Rao National Database On Millets HUCHGAUDAR

3 Mr. Niranjan T Dr. Avinash Singode SINGODE NAIF-ZTMC

4 Mr. Suresh P. Dr. Hariprasanna K. Centrally sponsored scheme of PPV&FRA under “Sub-mission on Seeds and Planting Material”

5 Ms. Niharika G. Dr. Hariprasanna K. CRP on Biofortification in selected crops for nutritional security

6 Mr. Mahesh D. Dr. Hariprasanna K. CRP on Biofortification in selected crops for nutritional security

7 Mr. Harinath Reddy B. Dr. Hariprasanna K. CRP on Biofortification in selected crops for nutritional security

8 Ms. K Swathi Dr. PG Padmaja Shelflife enhancement in millets

9 Dr. Ediga Shobha Dr. CV Ratnavathi DBT project Millet foods

10 Dr. Kanti Shree Dr. RR Chapke Farmers First Project

61 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

S. No. Name Name of the PI Project title 11 Ms. Animikha Dr. Nepolean Application of Next Generation Breeding, Genotyping and Digitalization Chakraborty Thirunavukkarasu Approaches for Improving the Genetics Gain in Indian Staple Crops.

12 Ms. Renuka Dr. Nepolean Application of Next Generation Breeding, Genotyping and Digitalization Thirunavukkarasu Approaches for Improving the Genetics Gain in Indian Staple Crops.

13 Ms. SH Shwetha Dr. Nepolean Application of Next Generation Breeding, Genotyping and Digitalization Thirunavukkarasu Approaches for Improving the Genetics Gain in Indian Staple Crops.

14 Sh. Ravikiran Dr. M. Elangovan CRP on Agrobiodiversity

Young Professional 1 Ms Aswini Dr. Nepolean Application of Next Generation Breeding, Genotyping and Digitalization Thirunavukkarasu Approaches for Improving the Genetics Gain in Indian Staple Crops.

2 Mr. Harikrishna Dr. Nepolean Application of Next Generation Breeding, Genotyping and Digitalization Thirunavukkarasu Approaches for Improving the Genetics Gain in Indian Staple Crops.

3 Dr. Akanksha Dr. P Rajendrakumar DBT funded project on “Development of sorghum genotypes suitable for lignocellulosic biofuel production through marker-assisted gene pyramiding of brown midrib genes” (Till 07 September, 2019).

Project Assistants Ms. L. Keerthi Dr. P Rajendrakumar DBT funded project on “Development of sorghum genotypes suitable for lignocellulosic biofuel production through marker-assisted gene pyramiding of brown midrib genes” (From 06 June, 2019).

BL Shwetha Dr. PG Padmaja Shelflife enhancement in millets

Ms. Vasantha Kumari Dr. Rajendra R. Chapke Farmer FIRST Project

Mr. M. Bhagat Reddy Dr. Rajendra R. Chapke Farmer FIRST Project

M. Sc., Students S. Name of the Name of the University Registered Research Topic No. Student Supervisor 1 Mr. Muthyala Dr. KBRS Visarada Sam Higginbottom University Molecular analysis of Backcross 2 plants for the Arunchand of Agriculture, Technology and presence of parental genome of Sorghum bicolor L. wide Sciences, Allahabad hybridization” 2 Ms. M. Madhavi Dr. B. Subbarayudu PJTSAU, Hyderabad Evaluation of certain sorghum cultivars for resistance to rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L) and identification of attributes of resistance’’ 3 Ms. Likhitha Dr. B. Dayakar Rao JNTU,Anantapur Development of barnyard millet instant mixes 4 Ms. Prathima Dr. B. Dayakar Rao JNTU, Anantapur Development of novel based small millet cookies 5 Ms. Anjani Dr. B. Dayakar Rao JNTU, Anantapur Development of cold extruded product by using small millets 6 Mr. Raghu Teja Dr. B. Dayakar Rao Vikram Simhapuri University Shelf life study of Ragi Pizza Base Reddy 7 Ms. Dr. Pravallika Dr. B Dayakar Rao College of Agriculture, Market Analysis of RTE and RTC Millet based Products PJTSAU, Hyderabad in Hyderabad 8 Mr. B. Dr. B. Dayakar Rao College of Agriculture Porter’s Value Chain Analysis of Millet Based value Sripal Reddy PJTSAU, Hyderabad Added Products in Hyderabad Region

62 Trainings & Capacity Building

S. Name of the Name of the University Registered Research Topic No. Student Supervisor 9 Ms. M. Bala Dr. P. Sanjana College of Agriculture, Heterosis and combining ability studies for yield Barathi Reddy ANGRAU, Bapatla and quality attributes in dual purpose pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] 10 Mr. Chandrakant Dr. M.Y. Samdur Dayanand College , Solapur Evaluation of Advanced breeding genotypes and B. Shinde University, Solapur germplasm on different soil depths and irrigated conditions 11 Mr. Thorat P. Dr. K.K. Sharma Dayanand College , Solapur Prevalence and Severity of Important Diseases of Rabi Vishwanath University, Solapur Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] with emphasis on charcoal rot and their Management 12 Ms. Ambati Dr. Nepolean PJTSAU, Hyderabad Assessment of Pearl millet genotypes for drought stress Govardhani Thirunavukkarasu tolerance at early seedling stage 13 Ms. Mule Sahithi Dr. M. Elangovan College of Agriculture, Genetic Diversity for Yield and Quality Characters in Reddy ANGRAU, Bapatla Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] 14. Ms. Apurva Dr. Parashuram DBF, Dayanand College, Evaluation and characterization of selected set of Solapure Patroti Solapur University, Solapur Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor. L.) landraces and exotic lines for Morpho-physiological & yield related traits 15. Ms. Nikita Dr. Parashuram DBF, Dayanand College, Studies on Fertility responses of diverse collection of Chavan Patroti Solapur University, Solapur Rabi adapted Sorghum germplasm to identify potential maintainer (A line) & restorers (R lines) 16 Mr. Tukaram Dr. Parashuram DBF, Dayanand College, Solapur Genetic studies in F3 and F4 generations of four crosses Hankare Patroti University, Solapur in post rainy Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor. L.) 17 Ms. Saleha Dr. Parashuram DBF, Dayanand College, Assessment of magnitude of Heterosis in F1 crosses and Kadichur Patroti Solapur University, Solapur variability studies in F2 generation of different crosses. 18 Ms. Pooja Dr. Parashuram Walchand College of Arts & Evaluation and identification of cold tolerant genotypes Bhujbal Patroti Science, Solapur University, in Sorghum and Foxtail millet Solapur 19 Ms. Sadaf Dr. Parashuram Walchand College of Arts & Testing of Advanced breeding lines of Rabi Sorghum Deshmukh Patroti Science, Solapur University, under medium-deep and Shallow soils in Rainfed Solapur situation

63 IIMR-AnnualAwards Report 2019 and Recognitions 5

Awards field of plant genetic resources management, with special reference to millets and data management, gene bank IIMR Bagged ICAR’s Sardar Patel Outstanding operations, intellectual property rights, diversity mapping Institute award and mobile application development. Dr. Elangovan received ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad the award during the award function at Indian Society of bagged prestigious “Sardar Patel Outstanding ICAR Plant Genetic Resources (ISPGR) on 10 May, 2019 at ICAR- Institution Award 2018” in the small Institute category, in National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New recognition to its outstanding performance. This award was Delhi. Dr. RS Paroda, President-ISPGR and Dr. Trilochan received by Director, Dr. Vilas A Tonapi from Shri Narendra Mohapatra, Secretary, DARE and Director General, ICAR Singh Tomar, Union Minister of Agriculture and Farmers presented this award. The award includes a citation, plaque Welfare & President of the ICAR Society, in presence of Shri and cash prize of rupees one lakh. Parshottam Rupala, Union Minister of State for Agriculture & Farmers Welfare; Shri Kailash Choudhary, Union Minister of State for Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Dr. Suresh Kumar, Secretary-ICAR and Additional Secretary-DARE, Dr. Trilochan Mohapatra, Secretary-DARE & DG-ICAR and other dignitaries at the 91st Indian Council of Agricultural Research formation Day held on 16 July, 2019 at New Delhi. This prestigious award is given after a detailed research on various parameters and the Institutes are chosen by an independent jury and a panel of professionals who believe in nurturing talent and in recognizing the best of the best NABS-Best Woman Scientist Award-2018 and this award carries cash prize of ₹ 10.00 lakh, a citation Dr PG Padmaja, Principal Scientist (Entomology) of IIMR and a plaque. received the Dr EK Janaki Ammal Memorial NABS – Best Woman Scientist Award of National Academy of Biological Sciences for the year 2018 during 11th NABS- National Conference & AGM held at Puducherry on 27 September, 2019.

Dr. B Vasantharaj David Woman Scientist Award- 2019 Dr PG Padmaja, Principal Scientist (Entomology) of IIMR received Woman Scientist Award -2019 for Dr. BR Barwale Award commendable contribution to Insect-plant Interactions Dr. M Elangovan, Principal Scientist (Plant Genetic Resources) by Dr. B Vasantharaj David Foundation during the of ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad National Conference on “Trends in Higher Education, received the prestigious Dr. BR Barwale Award for Application Taxonomy, Agriculture, Biotechnology and Toxicology” and Excellence in Plant Genetic Resources for the year 2018. on 17 November 2019 at Chennai, Tamil Nadu. He has been given this award for his achievement in the

64 Awards and Recognitions

Best Research Paper Award Fellowship of Societies Principal Scientist (Agriculture Dr. Rajendra R. Chapke, Dr. Hariprasanna K, Principal Scientist, Extension), ICAR-IIMR research paper, “Diversified millets- IIMR was awarded with Fellow of the based farming for enhancing farmers’ income in rainfed Indian Society of Genetics and Plant areas” was adjudged as “Best Research Paper” in National Breeding. He received this award level conference-cum-workshop on Doubling farmers’ on 14 December, 2019 at TNAU, income: Strategies for Rainfed Agriculture at MANAGE, Coimbatore. Hyderabad during 18-19 November, 2019. Dr PG Padmaja, Principal Scientist (Entomology) conferred with the Fellow of National Academy of Biological Sciences for 2018 during 11th NABS- National Conference & AGM held at Pondicherry University, Puducherry, UT, India on 27 September, 2019. Recognition The contribution of Drs. S Audilakshmi and C Aruna., Principal Scientists of IIMR were recognized and honored by Indian society of Genetics and Plant breeding for developing the landmark sorghum variety CSH-16. Dr. Aruna received the citation and certificate from Dr. Trilochan Mohapatra, Dr. A.B. Joshi memorial award-2019 Director General - ICAR during Brain storming session on Dr. Aruna, C., Principal Scientist, IIMR, received Speed breeding held on 25 August, 2019 at Indore. On Dr. AB Joshi memorial award-2019 conferred by the other hand, other landmark sorghum varieties that Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding recognized were: CSH 24MF (Dr. SK Shrotriya, GBPAU&T, (ISGPB) during the National Symposium on potential Pantnagar), CSV-29R (Drs. BD Biradar and Gauri Sajjanar, crops for food and nutritional security during 14- RARS, Vijayapura, UAS-Dharwad), and CSH-14 (Dr. VB 15 December, 2019 at TNAU, Coimbatore. The Shekhar and Team, PDKV, Akola). award was presented by Dr. Trilochan Mohapatra, DG, ICAR and the President of ISGPB.

Dr. Aruna also received Best oral presentation award for the presentation on “Genetic improvement for grain mold resistance in sorghum using population improvement Citation approach” during the National Symposium on potential Dr. Mahesh Kumar, Senior Technical Officer (Official crops for food and nutritional security on 15 December, Language), IIMR, Hyderabad received Citation from 2019 at TNAU, Coimbatore. Director, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad for timely organizing of OLIC Meeting, Hindi Workshops &

65 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

Hindi Training (Prabodh, Praveen & Pragnya) & significant value addition for Assistant Director of Agriculture and contribution in grand celebration of Hindi Chetana Maas Agricultural Officers during 6-7 November, 2019 at SAMETI Samarohn at ICAR. IIRR, Hyderabad. He has been given Office Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. extra responsibilities of Official Language Implementation Dr. Swarna Ronanki, Scientist, ICAR-IIMR delivered a lecture at ICAR-IIRR, Hyderabad by the ICAR, New Delhi. on “Package of practices and constrains and strategies Guest lectures in millets” at two days training on millets promotion and value addition for Assistant Director of Agriculture and Dr. Vilas A Tonapi, Director, IIMR was a Chief Guest at Agricultural Officers during 6-7, November, 2019 at SAMETI the International training programme on “Agribusiness Office, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. - Start-up to Scale-up” organized under Feed the Future India Triangular Training (FTF ITT) program by MANAGE, Dr. B. Subbarayudu, Principal Scientist, delivered an Invited Hyderabad on 10 July, 2019. He delivered the inaugural talk on “Insect pests of all major and minor millets and address on start-up preparedness for a successful future. their Integrated Pest Management” during the training programme for extension functionaries organized by Dr. Parashuram Patroti, Scientist (Plant Breeding), Department of Agriculture, Government of Telangana, held ICAR-IIMR, CRS-Solapur was the Chief Guest for the Mendel’s at Dr. MCR HRDI, Hyderabad on 9 December, 2019. day celebration at Walchand College of Arts and Science, Solapur on 20 July, 2019. He delivered Guest lecture on Dr. M. Elangovan delivered Invited Lecture at the National “Scope and Opportunities of Genetics in Agriculture and Symposium at TNAU-Coimbatore on “Millets Genetic Allied Science Research” and distributed the prizes to the Resources Management” in the Session I on Plant winners of poster presentation competition. Genetic Resources of Potential Crops during the National Dr. C.V. Ratnavathi, Principal Scientist, IIMR delivered Symposium on Potential Crops for Food and Nutritional an invited lecture on “Nutritional and Health benefits Security at TNAU-Coimbatore on 14 December, 2019. of Millets” at National Training Programme on “Recent Dr. Sangappa, Scientist, delivered Invited talk on “Millets: Advances in Functional and Nutraceuticals for Future A Potential crop to achieve food & Nutritional security of Foods” on 25 July, 2019 at Chandra Shekhar Azad University India”, during National symposium on potential crops held of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, UP. at TNAU, Coimbatore on 14 December, 2019.

Dr. P. Rajendrakumar, Principal Scientist (Biotechnology), Dr. Mahesh Kumar, Senior Technical Officer (Official ICAR-IIMR, Hyderabad delivered a lecture on “Recent Language), IIMR delivered a guest lecture on “Official Advances in Nutri-rich and Climate Resilient Millets” on Language Policy & necessities for fill up Quarterly & Annual 25 November, 2019 to the participants of the ICAR-CAFT Progress report regarding progressive use of Official training programme on “Innovative Breeding Approaches Language” during Hindi Workshop on 18 December, 2019 for Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants for Climate Change” at IIMR-Centre for Rabi Sorghum, Solapur. organized by Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Dr. M. Elangovan delivered Invited Lecture at the National (CPBG), Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Seminar at SRRI-Pondicherry on “Diversified Uses of Millets Dr. Sangappa, Scientist, ICAR-IIMR delivered lecture on in India” during the National Seminar on “Art of Healthy “Post-Harvest Technology in Millets (PHT) and Value Lifestyle Through Siddha Dietetics” at the Siddha Regional Research Centre, Ministry of AYUSH, Pondicherry, on 22 addition” at two days training on millets promotion and December, 2019.

66 Linkages & Collaboration 6

Externally Funded Projects - 2019

S. Funding Agency Project Title PI CO-PIs Duration No. (Rs. In Lakhs) 1 Consortia research platform on Agro-biodiversity Elangovan M _ ICAR (125.0) 2014-2020 2 Development of sorghum genotypes suitable for Rajendra Kumar P Umakanth AV DBT (61.0) 2015-2020 lingo-cellulosic bio-fuel production through marker- assisted gene pyramiding of brown midrib genes 3 NAIF & ZTMC Dayakar Rao B Aruna C, Avinash NAIF (ICAR) 2016-2022 S, Sangappa C (50.0) 4 Development of stem borer and shoot fly resistant Balakrishna D Padmaja PG ICAR-NPTC 2017-2020 transgenic sorghum (10.0) 5 Centrally sponsored scheme of PPV&FRA under “Sub- Hariprasanna K Amasiddha B, PPV&FRA Ongoing mission on Seeds and Planting Material” Deepika C (13.0) 6 Consortia Research Platform on Biofortification in Hariprasanna K Rajendrakumar P, ICAR 2017-2020 selected crops for nutritional security Venkateswarlu R (80.14) 7 Expression of Resistance to Diapausing and Shyamprasad G Srinivasbabu K NASF (120.69) 2017-2019 Nondiapausing Spotted Stem Borer, Chilopartellus in Sorghum and Maize: Implications for Crop Improvement and IPM 8 Development of fortified Millet foods and their Ratnavathi CV Venkateswarlu R DBT (83.8) 2017-2020 validation for nutritional and health benefits 9 Empowerment of Women through Application of Sangappa B Dayakar Rao B, DBT (40.00) 2018-2021 Multifaceted Bio-technological Innovations in Millets Bhavani Kammar for Sustainable Income Generation and Nutritional (KVK Bidar) Security 10 Optimizing resources for identification of potential Venkatesh Bhat B Avinash Singode DBT (22.84) 2018-2021 sorghum forage hybrids using Genomic selection 11 Evaluation of drought tolerance QTL introgression Talwar HS Madhusudhana R CRP-GLDC, 2018-2019 lines during post-rainy season and molecular ICRISAT (11.00) characterization of core set of breeding material from ICAR-IIMR 12 Frontline demonstrations (FLDs) on sorghum Chapke RR - DAC & FW 2018-2019 (12.00) 13 Application of Next-Generation Breeding, Genotyping, Nepolean T Madhusudhana R, BMGF and ICAR 2018-2022 and Digitalization Approaches for Improving the Aruna C, Sanjana (397.78) Genetic Gain in Indian Staple Crops Reddy P 14 Formation of Farmer Producer Organization (FPOs) Sangappa B Srinivas Babu K DAC & FW 2019-2021 (122.00) 15 Evaluation of drought tolerance QTL introgression lines R Madhusudhana - CRP-GLDC, 2019-2020 during postrainy season and molecular characterization ICRISAT (14.00) of core set of breeding material from ICAR-IIMR 16 Shelflife enhancement in millets PG Padmaja Kalaisekar A, DAC-NFSM 2019-2020 Shyam Prasad G, (99.8) Venkateswarlu R, Jinu Jacob, Das IK, Kannababu N and Dayakar Rao B

67 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

Pearl Millet

68 Highlights of All India Coordinated Research Project on Sorghum 7

49th Annual sorghum group meeting at CCSHAU, outreach research, value addition, and basic and strategic Hisar initiatives at IIMR on sorghum research. He also informed about the Government of India’s Nutri-cereals sub-mission The 49th Annual Group Meeting of the All India Coordinated programme under NFSM and about the import of millets. Research Project on Sorghum was held at the Chaudhary He informed the house that Government is providing about Charan Singh Hisar Agricultural University (CCSHAU), Rs. 1500 Crores for 14 states for pushing the production Hisar during May 28-30, 2019. About 200 participants of millets and for providing machinery for farm gate from various State Agricultural Universities, private sector processing. There is a need to link farmers with the market agencies and other collaborating institutes participated for better price and for promotion of health foods which in the group meeting. The group meeting was held in 10 is catching the market very fast. He also informed that sessions, spanned over three days. The inaugural session the United Nations has a programme on Zero hunger and was chaired by Dr. Dinesh Kumar, ADG (FFC) In-charge, malnutrition to eradicate hunger and nutrient deficiency ICAR, New Delhi and the Guests of Honour were: Dr. Vinod from the developing world in which millets would play an Gaur, CMD, NSC, New Delhi, Dr. S.K. Sherawat, Director of important role. Research, Dr. K.S. Grewal, Dean, CoA from CCS HAU, Hisar and Dr. Prabhakar, Former Project Coordinator, AICRP Dr. Vinod Gaur in his address pointed out that millets have on Small Millets, Bengaluru. Dr. Vilas A Tonapi, Director, been notified as Nutri-cereals by the Government to focus ICAR-IIMR, Hyderabad presented the research highlights on the importance of these crops and nutritional content. and reviewed the work done under AICRP on sorghum He opined that doubling the farmers’ income can happen during 2018-19 along with projecting the road map for with enhancing the output as well as reducing the input future of India’s sorghum makeover. cost and as millets require less inputs they can fit well in the system. He also suggested to develop varieties with The Director, IIMR highlighted the progress made in higher nutrient content and tolerance to biotic and abiotic different disciplines for genetic improvement, sorghum stresses and provide it to NSC so that the benefit of public production and protection technologies, extension and funded research reaches the farmers.

69 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

Dr. Dinesh Kumar, Chairman of the session opined there farmers need diversification with sorghum and highlighted is need to develop varieties with high yield and quality for the importance of value addition. Dr. K.S. Grewal, Dean farmers and consumers. All the research workers should College of Agriculture, CCS HAU, Hisar also graced the provide enough quantities of breeder’s seed of recently occasion. Various committees and teams from CCSHAU, released varieties and popularize them in the farmers’ Hisar made all arrangements for the meeting. Dr. H.S. field. Dr. Prabhakar opined that efforts should be made to Talwar, Principal Scientist, served as the nodal officer and reduce the cost of cultivation, and development of grain R. Madhusudhana, Principal scientist, as the Co-Nodal mold resistant cultivars for both grain and forage. officer from IIMR, Hyderabad. During this occasion, four publications on sorghum and New sorghum varieties identified for release millets research were released by the dignitaries. A The Varietal Identification Committee meeting was held special stake-holders’ interactive session with farmer at CCSHAU, Hisar on 28 May, 2019 during the 49th Annual representatives and entrepreneurs was organized to know Sorghum Group Meeting. The committee examined ten the expectations from the different stake holders. Scientists release proposals received for consideration and identified addressed their queries and taken all the suggestions four proposals viz. Sorghum Varieties-SPV 2437 (Dual emerged during the session for future research planning. purpose Kharif variety), SPV 2423 (Kharif Variety), SPV 2018 In the subsequent sessions, the Principal Investigators (Kharif brown midrib variety) and Forage Sorghum variety- (PIs) of different disciplines presented progress reports SPV 2445 and recommended for submission to CVRC. of 2018-19. Scientific audit of different AICRP centres Dr. Dinesh Kumar, ADG (F&FC), ICAR, New Delhi was the were conducted. The officer-in-charges of AICRP centres Chairman. The other Members were: Dr. S.K. Sherawat, presented the brief account on the research undertaken, Director of Research, CCS HAU, Hisar; Dr. K.S. Grewal, Dean, thrust areas, outcomes, shortfalls and strategies for future College of Agriculture, CCS HAU, Hisar, Dr. IS Panwar, Head, research. The technical programmes for 2019-20 were Genetics & Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar, Sh. Mukesh finalised during the group meeting. There were three invited Kumar Jeet, Regional Manager, NSC, Chandigarh, Sh. R.P. guest lectures delivered on forage sorghum utilization in Singh, Area Manager, NSC, Hisar, Sh. W. Santosh, Sorghum dairy sector, statistical package for data analysis and stay Breeder, MSSC., Akola, Dr. Laxman Ram B., Joint Director, green traits for the benefit of the participants. DMD, Jaipur, Dr. R.S. Sawant, Crop Lead (Sorghum) Hytech The Annual group meeting of sorghum concluded with Seeds, Aurangabad, Dr. Prabhakar, Ex. Project Coordinator the plenary session chaired by Dr. K.P. Singh, Hon’ble (Small Millets), Bengaluru, Dr. S.K. Pahuja, Head, Bajra Vice Chancellor, CCS HAU, Hisar. During his address he Section & Cont. of Examinations, CCS HAU, Hisar and acknowledged the contribution of ICAR through AICRP Dr. V.A. Tonapi, Project Coordinator (Sorghum) Member network in improving the productivity of sorghum in the Secretary, besides all PIs of AICRP- Sorghum. country. He also stated that in this era of profitability,

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Journal Papers approach reduced the cyanogenic glycoside dhurrin in [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] to Improve Fodder International Quality. Frontiers in Nutrition 6:122. doi: 10.3389/ 1. Anuradha Kotla, Rahul Phuke, Hariprasanna, K., Shivaji fnut.2019.00122. P. Mehtre, Abhishek Rathore, Sunita Gorthy, Rakesh K. Srivastava, Roma Das, Bhanu Prakash, , A., Radhika, 7. Chapke,R.R. and Tonapi, V.A. 2019. Effectiveness K., Tom Hash, C., Belum V.S. Reddy, Patil, J.V., Farzana of training on improved sorghum production Jabeen, Shashikanth, D., Jayakumar Jaganathan, Anil technologies, value-addition and sweet sorghum Gaddameedi, Vangala Subhasini, Santosh P. Deshpande, perspectives. Journal of Agricultural, Forestery and Ashok Kumar, A. 2019. Identification of QTLs and Fisheries 8(2):36-44. DOI 10.11648/j.aff20190802.12 candidate genes for high grain Fe and Zn concentration (ISSN:2328-563X(Print); ISSN: 2328-5648 (online)). in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Journal of National Cereal Science 90 102850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. 1. Raghu Pullakhandam, Surekha Agarwal, Tripura jcs.2019.102850 (JrnID: J132; IF: 8.30). Venkata, V.G.N., Ratnavathi, C.V., Madhavan Nair, K and 2. Sharma, R., Kocher, G.S., Rao, S.S. and Oberoi, H.S., 2019. Sarla Neelamraju 2019. Iron and zinc bioavailability Improved production of multi-component cellulolytic from Madhukar x Swarna derived biofortifed rice lines. enzymes using sweet sorghum bagasse and thermophilic Current Science 117:10, published online 23-10-2019 Aspergillus terreus RWY through statistical process (JrnID: C187; IF: 6.88). optimization. Waste and Biomass Valorization:1-15. https: // doi.org / 10.1007 /s12649-019-00670-5 2. Narendra Kumar, B. C. Ajay, M. C. Dagla, A. L. Springer Netherlands (JrnID: W003; IF: 7.87). Rathnakumar, T. Radhakrishnan, C. Lal, M. Y. Samdur, 2019. Multi-environment evaluation of Spanish bunch 3. Parashuram Patroti, Vishalakshi, B., Umakanth, groundnut genotypes for fresh seed dormancy Indian B., Suresh, J., Senguttuvel, P. and Sheshu Madhav, Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 79(3):572-582 M. 2019. Marker-assisted pyramiding of major blast (JrnID: I063; IF: 6.41). resistance genes in Swarna-Sub1, an elite rice variety (Oryza sativa L.). Euphytica 215: 179 (JrnID: E111; IF: 3. Mishra, J.S., Rao, S.S., and Das, I.K. 2019. Effect of tillage 7.55). and nutrient management on sorghum (Sorghum 4. Jaikishan, I., Rajendrakumar, P., Hariprasanna, K., Bhat, bicolor) productivity in Alfisols of semi-arid tropical B.V. 2019. Identification of differentially expressed India. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 89: 1133– transcripts at critical developmental stages in sorghum 1139. .(JrnID:I029; IF: 6.23.) [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in relation to grain yield 4. Das, I.K., Sunil Kumar, Kannababu, N. and Vilas heterosis. Biotech 3 9: 239. (JrnID: B126; IF: 7.50). A. Tonapi 2019. Pokkah boeng resistance in popular 5. Aruna, C., Ratnavathi, C.V., Suguna, M., Ranga, B., rabi sorghum cultivars and effects of the disease on Praveen Kumar, P., Annapurna, A. Bahadure, D.M. leaf chlorophyll. Indian Phytopathology DOI 10.1007/ and Tonapi, V.A. 2019. Genetic variability and GxE s42360-019-00146-5 (JrnID: I104; IF: 5.90). interactions for total polyphenol content and anti- 5. Ganapathy, K.N., Dayakar Rao, Sujay Rakshit, Vishala Sorghum oxidant activity in white and red sorghums ( Devender, Venkatesha Sollepura Chinnegowda, bicolor (L.) Moench). Plant Breeding DOI:10.1111/ Tonapi, V.A. 2019. Variation in Nutritional and shelf life pbr.12756 (JrnID: P089; IF: 7.39). parameters among rabi sorghum cultivars and effect of 6. Pandey, A.K., Madhu, P. and Bhat, B.V. 2019. Down- processing on these parameters. Agricultural Research regulation of CYP79A1 gene through antisense 8(4) 513-522 (JrnID: A090; IF: 5.90).

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6. Kalaisekar, A. and Sarma Saurabh. 2019. Feeding 14. Keerthana, K., Chitra, S., Subramanian, A., Nithila, S behaviour of chrysomelid leaf beetles, Aplosonyx and Elangovan, M. 2019. Studies on genetic variability chalybaeus (Hope) and A. scutellatus (Baly). Indian in finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn] Journal of Entomology 81(3): 511-515 (JrnID: I054; IF: genotypes under sodic conditions. Electronic Journal 5.89). of Plant Breeding 10(2): 566-569. DOI: 10.5958/0975- 7. Padmaja, P.G., Shwetha, B.L., Kalaisekar, A., Elangovan, 928X.2019.00071.1 (JrnID: E038; IF: 4.97). M. and Vilas A Tonapi 2019. Effect of sorghum grain 15. Dhanalakshmi, R., Subramanian, A., Thirmurugan, T., quality on progeny emergence of Sitophiuls oryzae Elangovan, M and Kalaimagal, T. 2019. Genetic diversity L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Indian Journal of study in Barnyard millet (Echinochloa fermentacea Entomology 81(2):261-265 (JrnID: I054; IF: 5.89). (Roxb.) Link) germplasm under sodic soil condition. 8. Padmaja, P.G., Shwetha, B.L., Kalaisekar, A. and Vilas Plant Archives 19(2): 2487-2494 (JrnID: P084; IF: 4.41). A Tonapi 2019. Effect of host plant on growth, tissue 16. Kumar, N., Ajay, B. C., Dagla, M.C., Rathanakumar, Sesamia proteins and gut enzymes of pink borer A. L., Radhakrishnan, T., Samdur, M.Y., Mathur,R.K., inferens in millets. Indian Journal of Entomology Manivel,P., Lal, C., Makwana, A.D. and Chikani, B.M. 81(2):280-285(JrnID: I054; IF: 5.89). 2018. Identification of Spanish bunch advanced 9. Sooganna, Subba Rao, L.V., Kiranbabu, P., Basavaraj, breeding lines having fresh seed dormancy in groundnut K. and Keshavulu, K. 2019. Genetic diversity analysis (Arachis hypogaea L.). Progressive Research-An, 13: of rice cultivars differing in dormancy based 19-23 (JrnID: P158; IF: 4.29). on SSR marker. International Journal of Current 17. Pushpa, K., Bhat, B.V. and Balakrishna, D. 2019. Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8(06):3289-3299. Variability and association studies among stover yield (JrnID: I199; IF: 5.38). and quality related traits in sorghum. International 10. Pushpa K, Madhu P and Bhat BV (2019) Estimation Journal of Current Research 11 (7): 5112-5114. of HCN content in sorghum under irrigated and 18. Kumar, N., Ajay, B. C., Dagla, M. C., Rathanakumar, stressed conditions. Journal of Pharmacognosy and A. L., Lal C., Radhakrishnan, T., Samdur, M.Y., Mathur, Phytochemistry 8(3): 2583-25852494 (JrnID: J399; IF: 5.21). R.K., Manivel, P., Makwana, A. D. and Chikani, B. M. 2018. Evaluation of Spanish bunch advanced breeding 11. Elangovan, M., 2019. Field Book-Mobile App for Plant lines for fresh seed dormancy in groundnut (Arachis Genetic Resources Management.Indian Journal of Plant hypogaea L). Crop Improvement 6: 9-12 (JrnID: C149; Genetic Resources 32(1):36-42. DOI 10.5958/0976- IF: *). 1926.2019.00005.6 (JrnID: I082; IF: 5.12). Books 12. Jain, S.K., Elangovan, M. Patel, P.R., Tyagi, R.K. Sushil Pandey and Vilas A Tonapi. 2019. Characterization of 1. Bhat, B.V., Arunachalam, A., Kumar, D., Tonapi, V.A. and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) germplasm Mohapatra, T. 2019. Millets in the Indian Himalaya. under CRP-Agro Biodiversity. Indian Journal of Plant ICAR-Indian Institute of Millet Research, Rajendranagar, Genetic Resources 32(1):107-109. DOI 10.5958/0976- Hyderabad 88 pages. ISBN 81-89335-89-8. 1926.2019.00014.7 (JrnID: I082; IF: 5.12). 2. Bhat, B.V., Ratnavathi, C.V., Rao, B.D., Chapke, R., 13. Kumar, N., Ajay, B.C., Rathanakumar, A.L., Swarna, R., Padmaja, P.G., Prasad, G.S., Das, I.K., Aruna, Radhakrishnan,T., Lal, C., Samdur, M.Y., Mathur, R. K., C., Venkateswarlu, R., Kannababu, N., Sooganna, Rao, Manivel,P. and Chikani, B. M. 2017. Genetic variability S.S., Singode, A., Talwar, H.S., Babu, K.S., Tonapi, V.A. for freshseed dormancy in Spanish bunch advanced 2019. Manual on good Agricultural Practices in millets. breedinglines of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Published by: ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Journal of Oilseeds Research 34: 119-124 (JrnID: J386; Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. 53 pages. ISBN No. 81- IF: 5.02). 89335-88-X

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3. Talwar, H.S., Kannababu, N., Bhat, B.V., and In: Climate Resilience in Millets. (eds. Talwar H S, Tonapi, V.A. 2019. Climate Resilience in Millets. Kannababu N, Bhat B V And VA Tonapi. ICAR-Indian ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India ISBN:81- India. ISBN 81-89335-85-5. Pp. 232. 89335-85-5.

4. Nepolean T, Arunachalam A, Dinesh Kumar and Vilas 6. Aruna,C., Sanjana Reddy,P., Deepika,C. and Kannababu, A Tonapi, 2019. What if millets were not to be there? N. 2019. Millets improvement, progress and prospects ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, - Area, production and Productivity. Pp. 21-42 India. ISBN 81-89335-86-3. Pp. 40. 7. Bhat, B.V., Umakanth, A.V., Balakrishna, D and Kulakarni, Book Chapters R. 2019. Breeding strategies for adaptation of millets to 1. Dayakar Rao,B. 2019. Value chain and entrepreneurship climate variability. Pp. 155-166. development on nutri cereals. In: National workshop on production, processing & value addition of nutri- 8. Elangovan, M. and Rajendragouda Patil 2019. Origin, cereals (millets) organized on 16th September, 2019 domestication, diversification and adaptation of millets by Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Haryana genetic resources for climate change. Pp. 1-20. Agricultural University, Hisar, Pp. 24-30. 9. Kalaisekar, A. 2019. Insect pests of millets: impact and 2. Dayakar Rao, B., Kiranmai, E., Sridevi, Yuvaraju, C., relevance of climate change. Pp 141-154. Sangappa and Tonapi, V.A. 2019. Development of value 10. Kannababu, N., Sooganna and Vilas A Tonapi 2019. chain in millets: Value addition and entrepreneurship Relevance of agro-climate to hybrid seed production in (development of nutria cereals. In: Souvenir one day sorghum. Pp. 167-178 national work shop on Nutri-cereals on 16th October, 2019 organized by Department of Agriculture and 11. Rajendrakumar, P., Ganapathy, K.N., Jinu Jacob, farmers empowerment, Government of Odisha, Amasidha, B. 2019. Genomics of climate resilience in Odisha millets mission and Department of Agriculture, millets. Pp. 179-212. Cooperation & Farmers Welfare, Government of India 12. Ravi Kumar, S. and Kannababu, N. 2019. Assessing (NFSM-Nutri-cereals) at Bhubaneswar. Pp. 128-138. climate change impact on millets. Pp. . 43-52. 3. Ganapathy, K.N. and Sujay Rakshit 2019. Genomic 13. Swarna, R., Jinu Jacob, Talwar, H.S., Amasidha, B. 2019. designing of climate smart sorghum. (In: Genomic Adaptation of millets to drought and heat stress. Pp. designing of climate smart crops. Eds. Chittaranjan 53-72. Kole) GDCSC Springer Series (Accepted). 14. Sanjana Reddy, P., Jinu Jacob, Vilas A Tonapi. 2019. 4. Tonapi, V.A., Rao, B.D., Sangappa, Madhusudhana Adaptation of millets to cold climate. Pp. 101-124. R and Bhat BV (2019) Strategies for Mainstreaming Millets for Nutrition Security in India. In: Souvenir- 15. Talwar, H.S., Kannababu, N. and Shiwesh Kumar 2019. National Workshop on Nutricereals - October 16, 2019, Adaptation of millets to salinity stress. Pp. 73-100. Department of Agriculture and Farmers Empowerment, Government of Odisha, Krushi Bhavan, Bhubaneshwar, Technical Bulletin Odisha, India. Section 5, Pp. 37-51. 1. Elangovan, M., Amasiddha,B., Ganapathy, K.N. and 5. Tonapi, V.A., Rao, B.D., Bhat, B.V. 2019. Roadmap for Vilas A Tonapi 2019. Pedigree database on Sorghum mainstreaming millets in India. In: National workshop Elite Breeding Stocks (ICAR-AICRP on Sorghum: 2011 on production, processing & value addition of nutri- - 2017). ICAR-All India Coordinated Research Project cereals (millets) organized on 16th September, 2019 on Sorghum, ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research by Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Haryana (IIMR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, Telangana, Agricultural University, Hisar, Pp. 1-12. India. PP 181. ISBN 81-89335-78-2.

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Publications in proceedings of Conferences/ National Seminar/Symposium 1. Ratnavathi, C.V., Komala, V.V., Shobha, E., Aruna, C., Oral Presentations Tonapi, V.A. 2019. Sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase activities during different crop International growth stages of sweet sorghum and their role 1. Venkateswarlu,R., Hariprasanna,K., Niharika,G., in Sucrose and ethanol production. In: National Chapke, R.R., Ratnavathi, C.V. and Tonapi, V.A. 2019. Conference on Integrative Plant Biochemistry and Mineral biofortification of sorghum grains: factors Biotechnology & Workshop on Genome Editing during influencing variability. In: 4th International Conference 8-9, November, 2019 at ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice on Agriculture & Animal Husbandry, University of research, Hyderabad. Hyderabad, 28-30 Aug. 2019. p. 19. 2. Rao, S.S., Tonapi, V.A., Aruna, C., Kannababu, N., National Rakshit, S. and Elangovan, M. 2019. Phenotyping 1. Chapke, R.R., Kanthisri, B.S., Sangappa, C. and Tonapi, diverse biomass energy sorghum genotypes for biofuel V.A. 2019. Diversified millets-based farming for production in dryland rainy season condition. In: Proc. enhancing farmers’ income in rainfed areas. In: National 106th session of the Indian Science Congress during level conference-cum-workshop on “Doubling farmers’ 3-7 January 2019 at Lovely Professional University income: Strategies for Rainfed Agriculture” during 18- Jalandhar, Punjab, India. 19th November, 2019 at MANAGE, Hyderabad, India. 3. Rao, S.S., Tonapi, V.A., Aruna, C., Hariprasanna,K. 2. Chapke, R.R., Kanthisri, B.S., Sangappa, C. and Tonapi, Prasad,P.V.V.2019. Phenotyping dryland sorghum for V.A. 2019. Livelihood improvement of farmers through abiotic stress adaptation traits. In: Proc. National millets-based farming enterprises. In: National seminar Conference of Plant Physiology (NCPP-2019) during on “Pluralistic Extension for Enhancing Farmers’ income 19-21 December 2019 at Kerala Agricultural University, through reaching the un-reach”during 6-7th December, Thrissur, India (Abstract No. 28. pp133). 2019 at MPKV, Rahuri, Maharashtra State, India. 4. Vilas A.Tonapi, Visarada, K.B.R.S., Hariprasanna,K., Abstracts Deepika Cheruku, Amasiddha Bellundagi, Avinash International Singode, Sanjana Reddy, P., Elangovan, M., Venkatesh Bhat, B., Aruna C Reddy, Madhusudhana, R. and 1. Kannababu, N., Venkateswarlu, R., Hariprasanna, Umakanth, A.V. 2019. Wide hybridization in millets: A K., Sooganna and Vilas A Tonapi 2019. Effect of way forward for harnessing enhanced resilience. Book different stages of Seed Maturation on Seed Physical, of Abstracts, First National Conference on Neglected Physiological and Biochemical Traits in Foxtail and Underutilized Crop Species for Food, Nutrition, Millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.). Abstract no. 09, Energy and Environment (NUCS-FNEE), 2 August, Page no. 78, ISTA Seed Symposium Abstracts (ISBN: 2019, NIPGR, New Delhi. p.19. 978-3-906549-63-7(edition: 2019), 32nd ISTA Seed Congress, 26th July to 3rd August 2019, Hyderabad, 5. Venkateswarlu,R., Niharika, G., Chavan, U.D. India. and Hariprasanna,K. 2019. Effect of agronomic supplementation of Iron and Zinc on their accumulation 2. Kuldeep Sharma, Indrakanta Das, Parashuram Patroti, in sorghum grains. National Conference on Integrative Mohan samdur and Vilas Tonapi. 2019. Macrophomina Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology during 8-9 phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., the cause of seedling blight and November,2019 at ICAR -Indian Institute of Rice charcoal rot of sorghum and its management in India. Research, Hyderabad. In: International Plant Protection Congress IPPC2019 10-14 November, 2019,Hyderabad ,Telangana, India. In Posters Abstract Book: Crop Protection to Out smart Climate International Change for Food Security & Environment Conservation 1. Kannababu N, Madhusudhana R, Das IK and Vilas A IPPC 2019 P. 294. Tonapi (2019). Genetic Variability for Seed Longevity

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among Diverse Sorghum Parental Lines. Poster session: 2. Aruna, C. 2019. Improved cultivars in sorghum for 02, Abstract no. 18, Page no. 66, ISTA Seed Symposium higher productivity. Pp. 17-29. Abstracts (ISBN: 978-3-906549-63-7(edition: 2019), 3. Das, I.K. 2019. Diseases of millets and their th rd 32nd ISTA Seed Congress, 26 July to 3 August 2019, management. Pp. 90-101. Hyderabad, India. 4. Das, I.K. 2019. Screening techniques for disease Popular articles resistance. Pp. 108-119. 1. Ronanki, S., Jacob, J., Cheruku, D. 2019. Sorghum 5. Dayakar Rao, B. 2019. Potential of millets for industrial allelopathy for weed management. Agrobios uses in India and entrepreneurship development. Pp. Newsletter 17(08): 47-49. 153-160. 2. Jacob J, Ronanki S, Cheruku D 2019. Ragi: A nutritionally 6. Elangovan, M, 2019. Millets gene bank: a repository promising crop. Agrobios Newsletter 17(08): 37-38. of genetic resources for yield improvement and stress management. Pp. 136-152. 3. Deepika, C., Swarna, R., Jinu Jacob, Gayatri, B. 2019. 7. Hariprasanna, K. 2019. Biofortified millets: Prospects Millets-natural fortified cereals. Vikaspedia.http:// and challenges. Pp. 169- 186. vikaspedia.in/health/nutrition/nutritive-value-of- foods/nutritive-value-of-cereals-and-millets/millets- 8. Kannababu, N., Sooganna and Vilas A Tonapi. 2019. natural-fortified-cereals. Quality seed production and maintenance in millets. Pp. 120-135. 4. Jinu Jacob, Deepika, C. and Swarna, R. 2019. Ragi blast: 9. Padmaja, P.G. 2019. Advances in insect host plant A major disease in finger millet. Vikaspedia.http:// resistance in millets. . Pp. 62-89. vikaspedia.in/agriculture/crop-production/integrated- pest-managment/ipm-for-cerels/ragi-blast-a-major- 10. Rajendra, R Chapke and Tonapi, V.A. 2019. Sorghum disease-in-finger-millet?searchterm=ragi+blast cultivation in a new ecological niche under zero- tillage of rice-fallows. Pp. 195-203. Training Manuals 11. Sanjana Reddy, P. and Jinu Jacob. 2019. Improved 1. Das, I.K., Shyam Prasad, G., Chapke, R.R. and Tonapi, cultivars in pearl millet for higher productivity Pp.30- V.A. 2019. Good agricultural practices for biotic stress 36. management and productivity improvement in millets 12. Shyam Prasad, G., Srinivasa Babu, K. 2019. Insect pest of as nutricereals. Training Manual 2019-20, ICAR-Indian millets and their management. . Pp. 55-61. Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India, ISBN: 13. Swarna Ronanki 2019. Improved package of practices 81-89335-87-1. 203p. for millets. Pp. 2-16. Lecture Notes 14. Umakanth, A.V. 2019. Biofuel potential of sweet 1. Kalaisekar, A. 2019. Host plant-herbivore ecology and sorghum and future prospects. Pp. 47-54. host plant resistance to insect pests in sorghum and other millets. In: Ecological and molecular approaches Compilations and documentations for host plant resistance to insect pests, 5-25th 1. Elangovan, M. 2019. Millets Genetic Resources November, 2019, Training Manual (eds. Sathiah, N., Management, In: IIMR publication number – 1/2019- Ramaraju, K., Muthuswami, M., Murugan, M., Suganthi, 20. Progress Report 2018-19. All India Coordinated A., Elaiyabharathi, T and Senguttuvan, K.), Department Research Project on Sorghum, 49th Annual Group of Agricultural Entomology, TNAU, Coimbatore, India. Meeting of AICRP on Sorghum, Chaudhary Charan 250p. Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU), Hisar, 28-30th May 2019, Pp. 1-69 In: Good agricultural practices for biotic stress management and productivity improvement in millets 2. Elangovan, M. 2019. Consortium Research Platform on as nutricereals. Training Manual 2019-20, ICAR-Indian Agro-biodiversity (CRP-AB), PGR Management and Use Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India, ISBN: – Component I (Small Millets), Annual Progress Report 81-89335-87-1. 203p. for the year 2018-19, Pp. 1-34.

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3. Rao, S.S. 2019. Physiology. All India Coordinated Sorghum (ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research) - Research Project on Sorghum annual progress report At a Glance, Solapur, Maharashtra, 23 pp. Published by for 2018-19. IIMR/AICSIP tech. pub. No-3 Physiology Officer In-charge, CRS Solapur on behalf of Director, /2019-20, agm 49pre-meet Proc. AICRP Sorghum 49th IIMR, Hyderabad. AGM, 28-30 May, 2019, CCSHAU, Hisar, India, Pp. 45. Newsletters 4. Rao, S.S. 2019. AICRP physiology research achievement 1. Dayakar Rao, B. NUTRILET - The Chronicles of Nutrihub, in 2018-19. IIMR tech. pub. No–2/2019-20. (Talwar et Version 1, Issue 1, August, 2019, pp-8, published by al, eds.). In: Project coordinator report of the AICRP- NIELAN-TBI, ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, sorghum. Proc. AICRP Sorghum 49th AGM, 28-30 May, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. 2019, CCSHAU, Hisar. India, Pp. 78. 2. Dayakar Rao, B. NUTRILET - The Chronicles of Nutrihub, 5. Rao, S.S. 2019. Summary of AICRP physiology research Version 2, September, 2019, pp-8, published by achievement in kharif and rabi 2018-19. IIMR tech. NIELAN-TBI, ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, pub. No–1/2019-20, (Talwar et al, eds.). In: Main Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. report of the AICRP on Sorghum Coordinating report. Proc. AICRP Sorghum 49th AGM, 28-30 May, 2019, 3. Dayakar Rao, B. NUTRILET - The Chronicles of Nutrihub, CCSHAU, Hisar, India, Pp. 310. Version 3, October, 2019, pp-8, published by NIELAN- TBI, ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, 6. Sharma,K.K., Samdur,M.Y., Parashuram, P., Limbore, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. A.R., Prabhakar and Tonapi, V.A. 2019. Centre on Rabi Recent Book Releases Recent

76 Ongoing Research Projects 9

S. No. Project name PI Co-PIs Duration 1. IIMR/CI/2016-21/103: Sorghum, pearl millet and small Elangovan M Avinash Singode 2016-2021 millets genetic resources management

2. IIMR/CI/2016-21/92: Developing kharif sorghum Aruna C I K Das, Deepika C, 2016-2021 genotypes suitable for different seasons Hariprasanna K, KBRS Visarada, SS Rao, S Ravikumar

3. IIMR/CI/2016-21/93: Breeding kharif sorghum for Aruna C Ratnavathi CV, Deepika C, 2016-2021 specific end uses Venkateswarlu R

4. IIMR/CI/2016-21/98: Improving sweet and high biomass Umakanth AV Talwar HS, BV Bhat, 2016-2021 sorghum for biofuel and forage production Padmaja PG, Ratnavathi CV, Rajendra Kumar P, Amasiddha B

5. IIMR/CI/2016-21/100: Enhancement of productivity of Venkatesh Bhat B Avinash Singode, Umakanth AV, 2016-2021 forage sorghum cultivation systems Kannababu N, Shyamprasad G, Venketeswerlu R

6. IIMR/CI/2016-21/94 : Breeding kharif sorghum cultivars Madhusudhana R Padmaja PG, 2016-2021 with improved shoot fly resistance Visarada KBRS

7. IIMR/CI/2017-22/116: Development of genetically Madhusudhana R Parashuram P, Elangovan M, 2017-2022 diversified high yielding Rabi sorghum Hybrids Talwar HS, Samdur MY

8. IIMR/CI/2015-20/76: Development of multi-genotype Parashuram Samdur MY, 2015-2020 varieties (MAGIC lines) for genetic diversification and Patroti Sharma KK enhancing yield stability in Rabi sorghum.

9. IIMR/CI/2015-18/70 : Genetic enhancement of finger Ganapathy KN Das, IK, Shyam Prasad G, 2015-2021 millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) genotypes for yield Venkatesh Bhat B and its related traits

10. IIMR/CI/2015-18/75: Genetic improvement of little Ganapathy KN Das IK, Subbarayudu B 2015-2021 millet (Panicum sumatrense Roth. Ex Roem. & Schult.) genotypes for yield and agronomic traits

11. IIMR/CI/2015-18/71: Genetic enhancement of grain Hariprasanna K Rajendra Kumar P, 2015-2021 yield and related traits and identification of trait specific Kalaisekhar A, Parashuram P, genotypes in foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.] Sharma KK

12. IIMR/CI/2015-18/72: Genetic enhancement of grain Deepika C Hariprasanna K, 2015-2021 yield and contributing traits in kodo millet (Paspalum Kalaisekhar A, Rao SS scrobiculatum L.)

13. IIMR/CI/2015-18/73: Genetic improvement of Proso Avinash Singode Das IK, 2015-2021 millet [Panicum maliaceum (L)] for yield and yield Srinivas Babu K contributing traits

14. IIMR/CI/2016-21/102: Development of high biomass Avinash Singode Venkatesh Bhat B, 2016-2021 pearl millet forage cultivars with improved quality Venketeshwarlu R, Ammasiddha B, Elangovan M

15. IIMR/CI/2016-21/99: Breeding for higher grain yield and Amasiddha B Ganapathy KN, Rao SS, Srinivasa 2016-2021 biomass in barnyard millet Babu K and Swarna R

77 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

S. No. Project name PI Co-PIs Duration 16. IIMR/CI/2017-22/115: Brown top millet- Characterization Venkatesh Bhat B Elangovan M, Balakrishna D, 2017-2022 and genetic improvement Ratnavathi CV, Sooganna

17. IIMR/CI/2017-22/112: Sorghum transgenic for stem Balakrishna D Venkatesh Bhat B, Padmaja PG 2017-2022 borer resistance

18. IIMR/CI/2016-21/95: Identification of genomic regions Rajendra Kumar P Ratnavathi CV 2016-2021 associated with grain protein quality traits in rabi sorghum through genomic-wide association analysis

19. IIMR/CI/2016-21/101: Development of molecular Rajendra Kumar P Hariprasanna K, Ganapathy KN 2016-2021 markers in kodo and little millet and their utility in genetic analysis

20. IIMR/CI/2017-22/113: Biochemical and molecular Jinu Jacob Sanjana P, Talwar HS, Sooganna 2017-2022 mechanisms of thermo-tolerance in pearl millet

21. IIMR/CI/2018-23/121: Characterization of molecular Jinu Jacob Das IK, Nepolean T, Ganapathy 2018-2023 mechanisms of finger millet-Magnaporthe grisea KN interaction through transcriptome profiling.

22. IIMR/CPT/2016-21/107: Studies on millet diseases with Das IK Nagaraja A, Jinu Jacob, 2016-2021 specific emphasis on blasts Kannababu N, Elangovan M, Ganapathy KN

23. IIMR/BS/2015-20/86: Etiology, epidemiology and Sharma KK Parashuram Patroti 2015-2020 management of important diseases of rabi sorghum with emphasis on root and stalk rots

24. IIMR/BS/2015-20/84: Biological intricacies in host- Padmaja PG Kalaisekar A, Ratnavathi CV 2015-2020 parasitic interaction between millets and shoot fly species

25. IIMR/CPT/2018-21/118: Assessment of crop losses due Kalaisekar A Srinivas Babu K, Padmaja, PG 2018-2021 to major insect pests and role of enemies in reducing the pest load in millets

26. IIMR/CI/2015-20/69 : Development of pearl millet Sanjana P Talwar HS, Das IK, Visarada 2015-2021 parental lines with improved yield in A1, A4 and A5CMS KBRS, Parashuram P background

27. IIMR/CI/2018-23/120: Improving the yield potential Nepolean T Talwar HS, Visarada KBRS, 2018-2023 of pearl millet hybrids for favourable and marginal Rajendra Kumar P, Sanjana environments Reddy P, Jinu Jacob, Swarna R

28. IIMR/FF/2015-20/91: Characterization of nutritional Ratnavathi CV Venkateswarlu R, 2015-2021 functional and therapeutic properties of millet grains to Vijaylakshami V (NIN) establish as health cereals

29. IIMR/FF/2015-18/90: Evaluation of nutritional value Venkateswarlu R Ratnavathi CV, Venkatesh Bhat 2015-2018 of forage and stover from sorghum, pearl millet, finger B, Umakanth AV, Ganapathy KN millet and other millets

30. IIMR/CPD/2017-22/114: Development of System Swarna Ronanki Jana Kholova (ICRISAT), 2017-2022 Modeling Platform to Guide Agro-ecosystem Specific Talwar HS, Ravi V Interventions to Enhance Post-rainy Sorghum Production in India

78 Ongoing Research Projects

S. No. Project name PI Co-PIs Duration 31. IIMR/CPD/2016-21/105: Physiological basis of genetic Rao SS Aruna C, 2016-2021 gain in kharif sorghum cultivars Kanna Babu N

32. IIMR/SS/2015-20/87: Studies on flowering behaviour, Kannababu N Rao SS, 2015-2020 seed setting and maturity pattern and seed quality Visarada KBRS, Ratnavathi CV, enhancement in small millets Sooganna

33. IIMR/CPD/2018-23/119: Studies on cold tolerance in Sooganna Kannababu N, Parashuram P, 2018-2023 sorghum and foxtail millet Hariprasanna K, Madhusudhana R

34. IIMR/VA/2015-18/89: Replication of successful Dayakar Rao B Shashidhar Reddy Ch. 2015-2021 value added processing, promotional and marketing interventions in pearl millet and small millets

35. IIMR/VA/2017-22/117: Mechanization of millet Dayakar Rao B Ratnavathi CV, 2017-2022 production, processing and value-added technologies B Venkatesh Bhat, Srinivasa through contract designing, fabrication and testing of Babu K, Avinash Singode, machinery Sangappa

36. IIMR/CPD/2016-21/109 : Socio-economic analysis Chapke RR - 2016-2021 of tribal community ecosystem using millets based technologies

37. DSR/AS/2012-15/53: Over expression of genes involved Balakrishna D Venkatesh Bhat B, Talwar HS 2012-2018 in ascorbate-glutathione cycle to enhance the abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic sorghum plants

38. IIMR/CI/2015-18/68 : Induction of mutations for Balakrishna D Venkatesh Bhat B, Srinivasa 2015-2018 sorghum improvement Babu K

39. IIMR/CP/2015-19/79: Farmers’ Perceptions of Millets Shashidhar Reddy Subbarayudu B 2015-2019 Production Constraints, Varietal Preferences and their Ch management

40. IIMR/BS/2015-18/85: Systematics of immature stages of Kalaisekar A Subbarayudu B 2015-2019 shoot fly species associated with millets in India

41. IIMR/AS/2015-19/81: Physiological and biochemical Talwar HS Ganapathi KN, Hariprasanna K 2015-2019 basis of drought tolerance in finger millet & foxtail millets

42. IIMR/CPT/2016-21/106: Investigations on shoot bug and Subbarayudu B Sharma KK, Samdur MY 2016-2019 maize stripe virus in sorghum

43. IIMR/CPD/2016-21/108: Development of database for Sangappa C Dayakar Rao B, Shashidhar 2016-2019 millets stakeholders and market mapping of value-added Reddy Ch, Mukesh P products of millets in selected cities

44. IIMR/CPD/2016-19/111: Validation of mechanization Ravi Kumar S Subbarayudu B 2016-2019 ICM as well as IPM module and value addition to stover of zero tillage in Rice fallow

79 IIMR-Annual ReportResearch 2019 Advisory Committee and other 10 Institute Meetings and Significant Decisions

Research Advisory Committee meeting made at IIMR during 2018-19, and important achievements The 20th Research Advisory Committee (RAC) meeting was in sorghum and other millets research and development, held at the ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research (IIMR) new initiatives under National Millets Mission and during 04-05 October 2019 under the Chairmanship of Dr. Technology Business Incubator, which was fully supported MP Pandey, Former Vice-Chancellor, (BAU & IGKVV) and by relevant documents submitted to the committee. The Director General, IATU, Jhalwa, Allahabad. Other members scientists representing different commodities and thematic of RAC present were: Drs. C Ramakrishna, Vice-President areas presented the progress, achievements and expected (R&D), Nuziveedu Seeds, Secunderabad; JS Bentur, outcome from their projects. The Chairman appreciated Principal Scientist (Rtd) IIRR, Hyderabad and Subject the progress made under different projects during the last Matter Specialist, Agri-Biotech Foundation, Hyderabad; three years and expressed happiness over the quality of Dinesh Kumar, ADG (FFC), ICAR, New Delhi; C Viswanathan, documents submitted for review and the way presentations Head, Division of Plant Physiology, IARI, New Delhi; Sh. were made. The Chairman and members congratulated the N Rajamouli, Hanamkonda (ICAR nominated member Team IIMR for receiving the Sardar Patel Outstanding ICAR representing Agricultural / rural interests), Dr. Vilas A Institution Award for the year 2018. Tonapi, Director, IIMR and Dr. P Rajendrakumar, Principal Major Recommendations: Scientist and Member-Secretary, RAC. Dr. Prabhakar, Genetic Resource Collection, Conservation, Utilization, former Project Coordinator (Small Millets), Bengaluru also Distribution and IPR Management: Incorporation of graced the occasion as Special Invitee. information on biotic and abiotic stress tolerance inthe The Member Secretary presented the Action Taken Report genetic resources for further exploitation by the breeders. on the recommendations of the previous RAC as well as the Kharif Sorghum: Exploitation of the sorghum genotype, Status Report of the recommendations of 18th RAC meeting. IIMR red to improve grain mold resistance. Dr. Vilas A Tonapi, Director, IIMR highlighted the progress

80 RAC and other Meetings and...

Entomology: Exploitation of Sorghum purpureosericeum should be given priority towards the development of shoot fly resistance sorghum cultivars. Extension and Out-reach: Impact assessment should be made in the areas where improved technologies were introduced by visiting continuously for 2-3 years. Institute Research Council (IRC) meeting Institute Research Committee (IRC) met under the chairmanship of Dr. Vilas A Tonapi, Director, IIMR during Rabi Sorghum: Introgression of QTL associated with shoot 2- 4 July, 2019. The meeting reviewed the annual progress fly resistance in the background of elite rabi sorghum of the IIMR projects. Respective PIs of the project varieties. presented annual progress and output made during 2018-19 Dr. ST Kajjidoni, Former Dean, UAS Dharwad Pearl Millet: Detailed discussions should be held on and Dr. Jayarame Gowda, In-charge, AICRPSM, Bengaluru breeding strategies. were the outside experts. Presentations focused on major Small Millets: aspects like time management, annual progress, output • Finger millet – Development of male sterility by including publication, and future work-plan. During the crossing the genotype GE 1 with wild species. three-day long deliberations, a total of sixty-five projects including 45 institute projects and 20 externally funded • Little millet – Development of non-lodging, medium projects were discussed and thoroughly reviewed. duration (95-100 days) cultivars with long panicle The details of the projects, progress and output, and length by crossing the bunchy types with the local comments and suggestions received during presentation germplasm from Dindori and Rewa. are recorded in the proceedings. During the meeting • Kodo millet - Priority should be given for making one new institute project was approved. The details of selections in variabilis types for their release as the projects, progress and output, and comments and varieties. suggestions made during the IRC meeting has been documented in “IRC proceedings”. At the end of the • Proso millet - Evaluation of more number of germplasm meeting Chairman extended his appreciation for all the by focusing on high tillering types. presentations in general and expressed his satisfaction • All small millets - More emphasis should be given to on the annual progress made in most of the projects. emasculation and crossing. Dr. R. Madhusudhana, PME In-Charge, and Dr. IK Das, Biotechnology: Mapping of genomic regions/QTL for Member Secretary, IRC organized the IRC meeting. drought & heat tolerance and nitrogen use efficiency in rabi sorghum; Sequencing of gene / allele involved in glyphosate metabolism in the identified herbicide tolerant sorghum mutant line and the wild type and More emphasis should be given on trait based marker-assisted selection in different millet crops. Seed Science: Development of seed production technologies for increasing the yield potential in small millets. Biochemistry: Studying the relationship between moisture level and storability in millet grain and Studying the differences in fatty acid composition in low and high rancid genotypes.

81 IIMR-Annual ReportParticipation 2019 in Seminars, Workshops, 11 Conferences and Meetings

S. No. Name of the Official Participated in Type Venue Dates 1 Sooganna 22nd Annual Breeder seed Review meeting M CCS HAU, 07 April, Hisar 2019 2 Sooganna Joint AGM NSP (Crops) and ICAR Seed W CCS HAU, 08-09 April, Project and Hisar 2019 3 HS Talwar, Meeting with Organizing Committee of M CCS HAU, 18-21 April, R Madhusudhana & 49th AGM of AICRP-Sorghum Hisar 2019 KV Raghavendra Rao 4 Vilas A Tonapi, Meeting on research project proposals to M Krishi Bhavan, 22 April, B Dayakar Rao, be funded under Sub-mission of NFSM- New Delhi 2019 PG Padmaja & nutri-cereals B Venkatesh Bhat 5 C. Aruna, Technical workshop of ICAR-BMGF W ICAR-IARI, 24-25 April, R. Madhusudhana, collaborative project “Application of next New Delhi 2019 P Sanjana Reddy & generation breeding, genotyping and T Nepolean digitalization approaches for improving the genetic gain in Indian staple crops 6 Hariprasanna K Kharif crops DUS project review meeting M NASC, 25-26 April, New Delhi 2019 7 M. Elangovan National Workshop on Consortium W ICAR-NBPGR, 13 May, Research Platform on Agrobiodiversity New Delhi 2019 (CRP-AB) 8 B Subbarayudu, NABARD sponsored Projects Review M NABARD 20 May, Ch Sashidhar Reddy & meeting Telangana regional 2019 G Shyam Prasad office, Hyderabad 9 M Elangovan Access & Benefit sharing for research M NBPGR-RS 15 June, stake holders –Brainstorming Session Hyderabad 2019 organized by UNDP-gef 10 CV Ratnavathi Attended 21st scientific panel meeting of M New Delhi 17-18 June, FSSAI for cereals, pulses, legumes and 2019 their products including bakery items 11 PG Padmaja IMC meeting M NBAIR, 17-19 June, Bengaluru 2019 12 CV Ratnavathi International Partnership Workshop on W NIN, 19-21 June, Dietary mycotoxin exposure in India and Hyderabad 2019 possible link to chronic diseases 13 N Kannababu, Seed Symposium-ISTA 2019 S Novotel & 26-28 June, B Venkatesh Bhat, HICC Complex, 2019 Sangappa, Sooganna & Hyderabad Raghunath Kulkarni 14 Sangappa Meeting with Special Commissioner of M Guntur, AP 9 July, 2019 Agriculture, Department of Agriculture, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh 15 Vilas A Tonapi & Meeting with Secretary (Agri), M Bhubaneshwar 12 July, 2019 K Srinivasa Babu Government of Odisha on Millet Mission

82 Participation in Seminars...

S. No. Name of the Official Participated in Type Venue Dates 16 Sangappa Farmers & Scientist interaction meeting M Chalki Village, 20 July, 2019 under Farmer FIRST project Sangareddy District, Telangana 17 P Mukesh Two-day workshop on “Data science and W JNTU-H, 22-23 July, deep learning” Hyderabad 2019 18 P Mukesh Two-day National workshop on W ICAR-NAARM, 26-27 July, “Bioinformatics in Agriculture” Hyderabad 2019 19 B Dayakar Rao & Meeting on Promotion of Millets M NITI Ayog, 2 Aug., 2019 B Venkatesh Bhat New Delhi 20 M Elangovan International Consultation on Achieving M MSSRF 8-9 Aug., Sustainable Development Goals and Foundation, 2019 Strengthening Science for Resilience on Chennai the occasion of 30th Anniversary of MSSRF 21 KK Sharma & XXV meeting of ICAR Regional M ICAR-NBSS & LUP, 9-10 Aug., Rajendra R. Chapke Committee No. VII Nagpur 2019 22 B Venkatesh Bhat Panel discussion on Food for Future – M Div. of Bio- 19 Aug., Millets: Key supplements to staple grains chemistry, ICAR- 2019 IARI, New Delhi 23 Vilas A Tonapi Meeting on seed hubs, subsidy on seeds M NASC complex, 22 Aug., produced by ICAR/SAUs and oil seed New Delhi 2019 mission 24 Vilas A Tonapi Dhan Foundation M Madurai 23 Aug., 2019 25 Hariprasanna K & CRP-Biofortification review meeting M IIRR, Hyderabad 24 Aug., Venkateswarlu R 2019 26 Venkateswarlu R. IV International conference on C University of 28-30 Aug., Agriculture and animal husbandry Hyderabad 2019 27 Vilas A Tonapi, Scoping Workshop on ICAR_NAARM as W ICAR-NAARM, 31 Aug., CV Ratnavathi, KBRS Visarada, a think Tank of ICAR: A roadmap for the Hyderabad 2019 C Aruna, B Venkatesh Bhat, Transition C Sangappa, B Amasiddha, Sooganna 28 V Ravikumar 39th ICAR- CJSC Meeting M NASC, 3-4 Sept., New Delhi 2019 29 Vilas Tonapi & NFSM-Executive Committee meeting on M New Delhi 4 Sept., 2019 B Venkatesh Bhat Millet Mission 30 R Madhusudhana 26th ICAR Regional Committee Meeting M ICAR-IIHR, 5-8 Sept., Bengaluru 2019 31 Vilas Tonapi, B Dayakar Rao, National Seminar on Millets M CCSHAU, Hisar 16 Sept., Sangappa & V Ravikumar 2019 32 Charles Ekka & Mahesh Kumar Meeting of Town Official Language M MCRHRDI, 18 Sept., Implementation Committee Hyderabad 2019 33 KBRS Visarada ICAR Institutes Biosafety Officers’ M New Delhi 20 Sept., meeting 2019. 34 PG Padmaja National conference on “Climate Change C Puducherry. 26-28 Sept., Driven Challenges on Indian Biodiversity: 2019 innovative Solutions for Sustainable Development”

83 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

S. No. Name of the Official Participated in Type Venue Dates 35 VA Tonapi and Data Management Review, Planning and W ICRISAT, Ethiopia 9-11 Oct., R Madhusudhana Training Workshop of BMS 2019 36 D Balakrishna & “Regional Expert Consultation on Gene M ICRISAT, 10-11 Oct., KBRS Visarada Editing in Agriculture and Biosafety Hyderabad 2019 Regulation” organized by APAARI under a program on Asia-Pacific Consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology and Bio- resources (APCoAB) in collaboration with ICRISAT, ICAR & FSI. 37 B Dayakar Rao & Meeting with NITI Ayog M New Delhi 11 Oct., 2019 B Venkatesh Bhat 38 VA Tonapi, B Dayakar Rao, National Workshop on Nutricereals W Krishi Bhawan 16 Oct., 2019 Sangappa, KN Ganapathy & (Millets) Odisha 2019 Bhubaneswar V Ravi Kumar 39 Madhusudhana R, Harip- ICRISAT Germplasm field day M ICRISAT, Patanche- 25 Oct., 2019 rasanna K & M Elangovan ru 40 Vilas A Tonapi & Meeting on Unification of AICRPs M New Delhi 30 Oct., 2019 B Venkatesh Bhat 41 KK Sharma XIX International Plant Protection C Hyderabad 10 - 14 Nov., Congress, IPPC2019 organized by ICRISAT International 2019 Convention Centre, Hyderabad 42 D Balakrishna 12th review meeting of ICAR-Network M National Institute 13-14 Nov., Project Functional Genomics and Genetic for Plant 2019 Modifications in crops (NPFGGMC) Biotechnology (formerly NPTC) project. (NIPB),New Delhi 43 Rajendra R. Chapke National level conference-cum-workshop C MANAGE, 18-19 Nov., on Doubling farmers’ income: Strategies Hyderabad 2019 for Rainfed Agriculture 44 VA Tonapi GLDC Scientific meeting M Nairobi, Kenya 25-30 Nov., 2019 45 T Nepolean, Hariprasanna K & Launch of digital XRF portal and a work- W ICRISAT, Patanche- 9 Dec., 2019 Venkateswarlu R shop on “Micronutrient Analysis for Crop ru Biofortification” 46 Aruna C , Hariprasanna K, National Symposium on “Potential crops S TNAU, Coimbatore 14-15 Dec., M Elangovan & Sangappa for food and nutritional security” 2019 47 SS Rao, B Subbarayudu, Training programme on “Millet W CRS, IIMR, Solapur 17 Dec., Rajendra R. Chapke, HS Gawali, cultivation, production, productivity and 2019 Mahesh Kumar, DM Bahadure their utilization to SC farmers” & KV Raghavendra Rao 48 Elangovan National Seminar on “Art of Healthy S Siddha Regional 22 Dec., Lifestyle Through Siddha Dietetics” Research Centre, 2019 Ministry of AYUSH, Pondicherry 49 Vilas A Tonapi Meeting on Planning of AICRP-Small M AICRP-Small 24-26 Dec., Millets workshop and Agri-Business Millets, GKVK, 2019 Incubator. Bengaluru Note: Total 28 participants from ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad participated in the 49th Annual Group Meeting of AICRP on Sorghum, at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU), Hisar, during 28-30 May 2019.

84 Meetings, Field Days and Exhibition stalls 12

Meetings Meeting of the PIs of Small millets Interactive session with millet farmers The meeting of the PIs of small millets was organized under ICAR –Indian Institute of Millets Research organized an the Chairmanship of Dr Vilas A Tonapi, Project Coordinator interactive session with millet growers on the cultivation (Small millets), Co-Chair by Dr Prabhakar, Former PC of millets in rice fallows areas, as well as under salinity of Small millets during 2-3 May 2019 at ICAR-IIMR- situations in Krishna basin of coastal Andhra Pradesh Hyderabad. Identification and registration of trait-specific on 25 April 2019 at Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh. Dr Y germplasm, genetic stocks being tested across the centres Radhakrishna, Principal Scientist and Officer In-charge, All with ICAR-NBPGR, registration of extant and new varieties India Coordinated Research Project on Management of Salt of small millets with PPV&FRA, agronomy trials, screening Effected Soils and Use of Saline Water in Agriculture Station, of potential germplasm for important pests and diseases, ANGRAU, Bapatla briefed about their strategy to conduct Standard Operating Procedures (SoP) for discipline- the trails on evaluation of different millets under salinity wise data collection and analysis, breeders and certified situation to find out the suitable millets to this region. seed production, data analysis of AICRP on small millets, integration of AICRP on sorghum and millets, physiology The team from IIMR motivated the farmers of the Guntur experiments, nomenclature for small millet varieties were and Prakasham districts to cultivate millets in rice fallows discussed and decisions taken. Dr Dandapani, Principal during rabi 2018-19. During the interaction, farmers Scientist, ICAR-NAARM-Hyderabad discussed about the reported that under salinity conditions also (20 to 22 EC), implementation of Automation of data recording in small sorghum farmers obtained about 20 to 25 quintals per millets. The meeting was organized by Drs M Elangovan, K acre of sorghum grain yield. It has been found that among Hariprasanna and B Venkatesh Bhat. all millets, brown top millet performed better in terms of germination, crop growth and grain yield in rice fallows National Millets Stakeholders Campaign/ meeting conditions. Dr. B Subbarayudu, Principal Scientist, IIMR One-day National campaign/ meeting of millets stakeholders explained in detail about the millet cultivation practices was organized at ICAR-IIMR, Hyderabad on 3 June 2019 to and assured the transfer of technologies to the farmers. promote trade, share information and knowledge, establish He also explained about the growing demand for millets in or expand market linkages and connect with a wide urban areas and also demand from the food industry due producer base to link millet farmer to market and to enable to increase in consumption of millet health food products. the cause of doubling farmer’s income. Sh. Vivek Agarwal,

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IAS, Joint Secretary, (Crops), Ministry of Agriculture, New Tonapi briefed on the important issues and future research Delhi was the Chief Guest. Dr. Tonapi, Director, ICAR - IIMR priorities in millets production and value addition and made a presentation on Roadmap for executing programs the significance of EFC document. Dr. Prabhakar flagged of Sub-Mission on Nutri-cereals, status and implementation the issues pertaining to small millets, which need real of Sub-Mission on Nutri-cereals encompassing area attention and intervention while making the new EFC. The expansion, farm gate processing, strengthening of Centre of in-charges of coordinating centres made presentations and Excellence, R & D on Nutri-cereals, Entrepreneurs-Training- Chairman reviewed the work at AICRP centres in the light Business, creation of national awareness and organizing of recent QRT recommendations. On the second day, Dr. and collaborating centres involved in Millet Mission. Dr. B A Dhandapani, Principal Scientist (Statistics and Computer Dayakar Rao, CEO, Nutrihub-TBI briefed about the ongoing Applications), NAARM explained the automation in AICRIP research and development activities on millets production, small millets and Dr. M Elangovan addressed the Genetic processing and their value – addition. A total of 150 Resource Management in millets. Sh. AN Murty, FAO, IIMR delegates participated in this meeting. discussed about the financial matters with reference to EFC documents preparation. Dr. R Madhusudhana, M Elangovan Farmers Scientist Interface meet and C Aruna coordinated the meeting. ICAR – IIMR Hyderabad is implementing Farmers FIRST project at Nyalkal and Raikode mandals of Sangareddy Institute Germplasm Identification Committee district. As a part of the project, four interventions are being meeting implemented in the villages viz. Shamshaddinpur, Chakli, The meeting of the Institute Germplasm Identification Gangapur and Mamadgi. Farmers-scientists interface Committee (IGIC) was held on 2 August, 2019 under the meeting was organized with project stakeholders in project chairmanship of Dr. M Elangovan and attended by members village on 10 June 2019. On this occasion, sorghum, kodo viz., Dr. C Aruna, Dr. P Sanjana Reddy, Dr. Avinash Singode millet, Bajra, little & foxtail millets seeds supplied to the and Dr. B Amasiddha (Member Secretary). 33 applications farmers to increase the farm income. Project beneficiaries received by the IGIC for screening for recommendations to expressed the need of pigeon pea seeds and market for the NBPGR-New Delhi for registration. These applications millets. A millet entrepreneur, Mr. Sridhar, from Medchal were thoroughly screened for their credential for assured the buyback of millets. Dr. Sangappa, Scientist, registration with ICAR-NBPGR-New Delhi. The decision shared information on improved cultivation practices of taken on the submitted applications were informed to the millets. Ms. Kanthisri, Narender and Giridhar staff of applicants. Farmers FIRST project and Mr. Veershetty from Ms. SS Bhavani Foods also participated in the event. Millet Farmers Producer Organization meet ICAR-IIMR, Hyderabad organized training cum workshop Meeting on EFC Preparation for AICRIP centres on “Millet Farmers Producer Organization (FPO)” on A planning meeting on “EFC Preparation” was organized 14 August, 2019. Representatives of six FPOs from the for PIs and Centre in-charges of AICRP on sorghum and states of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and small millets, at ICAR-IIMR during 27- 28 August 2019. Madhya Pradesh participated in this meet. These FPOs are Dr. Vilas A Tonapi, Director, IIMR chaired the session and promoted by ICAR-IIMR under sub-mission of Nutricerelas Dr. Prabhakar, Ex-PC, small millets was the expert. Dr. of National Food Security Mission. Dr. Sangappa presented

86 Meetings, Field Days ... overview of the program. Dr. Vilas A Tonapi, Director, ICAR- having several value-added products, IIMR provides full IIMR emphased on the need of FPOs linking with market technological integration and value chain development for and start-ups and entrepreneurs, value chain & marketing emulating by others. Better value-added products can be support. This event was coordinated by Shri. K. Srinivas brought out by integrating millets. Babu, and Dr. Sangappa. Meeting on promotion of millets in Andhra Pradesh. ITMU Meeting Dr. Sekharbabu Geddam, IFS, VC & MD of AP State Seeds Review meeting on “Institute Technology Management Development Corporation, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh along Unit (ITMU)” was organized at IIMR on 8 August 2019. with Dr. M Hemanth Kumar, Principal Scientist (Millets) & Dr. Vilas A Tonapi, Director IIMR chaired the meeting. The Head, ARS, Perumallapalle, Tirupati and Sh. GK Mohan Reddy, members who participated in this meeting were: Dr IK Manager (Marketing & QC), AP State Seeds Development Das, Member Secretary–IRC, Drs. B Dayakar Rao, C Aruna, Corporation visited ICAR-IIMR on 11 November 2019 to get Nodal Officer-IPR issues, and special invitees Sh. Charles firsthand information on different millet crops suitable for Ekka, SAO, and Sri AN Murthy, FAO. The forum discussed the state of Andhra Pradesh and explored the possibility of on revision of royalties and other issues related to NIELAN collaborative efforts for production of certified seeds to the project and other technology and licensing issues at IIMR. millet farmers of the state. Dr. SS Rao, Principal Scientist gave a brief account of activities of IIMR and the efforts Brainstorming meeting on Horti - Millets undertaken for popularization of sorghum in rice fallows ICAR-IIMR and ICAR-Division of Horticultural Sciences in coastal Andhra Pradesh. Dr. Hariprasanna K, Principal jointly organized one-day “Brainstorming meeting on Scientist and Dr. Sooganna, Scientist interacted with the Horti-Millets” on 13 September 2019 at IIMR-Hyderabad. officials and discussed about the status of seed production This meeting mainly focused on researchable issues and in different millets and plan for coming year. The Seeds collaborative programs and way forward. Dr. AK Singh, DDG Development Corporation intends to produce certified Crop Science graced the occasion along with Dr. T Janaki seeds in all the millets and supply to farmers in place of Ram, ADG Horticulture - ICAR, New Delhi. Directors from truthfully labelled seeds. Dr. Sekharbabu also discussed several ICAR Horticultural institutes participated in the about the proposed plan of Andhra Pradesh government deliberations. for setting up a Millets Board and sought IIMR’s assistance for technical matters. Stakeholders consultation meet on product profile development A meeting on “Development of product profiles in sorghum and pearl millet through stakeholder consultation” was held on 19 November 2019 under ICAR-BMGF project at ICAR-IIMR. Dr. Vilas A Tonapi, Director, ICAR-IIMR, emphasized the importance of the varietal replacement strategy in sorghum and pearl millet to achieve rapid Dr. Vilas A Tonapi, Director, IIMR in his introductory remarks genetic gain. He also mentioned that the actual genetic gain pointed out that the value-addition programmes in different should be reflected in the farmer’s field and emphasised ICAR institutes are running parallel in isolation. There is a on developing market-oriented products. Dr. T Nepolean need for cross learning and joint launch of products. Based presented the outline of the product profile and breeding on the expertise each one has there is good scope for strategies to the participants. Later, the participants shared joint learning. Dr. T. Janakiram, ADG (Hort), ICAR thanked their perspectives on maturity groups, market-preferred for the initiative of the IIMR and Directors of Horticulture traits, target production environments, value chain and the institutes for coming together. He opined that the session is varieties to be replaced for developing product profiles. going to add new dimension in the research of Horticulture In pearl millet, strategies were discussed specially for institutes and IIMR. Though the Horticulture institutes are A1 arid zone ecology, and both kharif and rabi ecologies

87 IIMR-Annual Report 2019 in sorghum. The meeting was attended by researchers under the Chairmanship of Dr. SP Tucker, Retd IAS, and from ICAR, SAUs and ICRISAT. Seed companies, non-profit Theme III on Enabling Crop Diversification and Sustainable organisations and farmers also participated and expressed Livelihood, chaired by Dr Shobhan K Pattanayak, Director their needs and demands for different end uses. General, Administrative Staff College of India (ASCI) & Former Secretary, DAC&FW, GoI. The groups deliberated in detail on the topics on the collaborative efforts for drought and farmer distress alleviation. It was agreed that the agenda would be taken forward with all concerned experts and other institutions for planning programmes on drought and farmer’s distress alleviation. The meeting was coordinated by Drs. B Venkatesh Bhat and D Balakrishna, Principal Scientists, IIMR; Mr. Sachin Chandra and team from Bayer Foundation. NASF project launch meeting High level consultation meet on the role of Public- Private R&D efforts for the alleviation of drought A project launch meeting of ICAR-NASF sanctioned project entitled “Farmer-led extension strategy for enhancing and farmer distress farmers’ income through millets-based farming system in A public-private consultation workshop to discuss hilly and tribal areas” was held on 30 December 2019 at establishment of Think tank for Drought and Farmer ICAR-IIMR, Hyderabad under chairmanship of Dr. Vilas A. distress Alleviation was organized in partnership with Tonapi, Director, ICAR-IIMR, Hyderabad. The purpose of Bayer “PRAYAS” Foundation at ICAR-IIMR, Hyderabad on the meeting was to orient about roles and responsibilities 20 December, 2019. More than 45 delegates consisting and to discuss action plan of the project to get inputs from of researchers working on drought, water management the multidisciplinary team of institute’s scientists, experts experts, agronomy and physiologists, meteorologists, in the area and scientists from partner institute in order to policy makers and senior management of Agritech firms implement project smoothly and to get viable outputs. The participated in the meeting, besides IIMR scientists. Dr. MSSRF, Chennai is the partner in this project. Vilas Tonapi, Director, IIMR welcomed the gathering. Dr Suhas Wani, International Consultant at International Rice Dr. VA Tonapi, Director, ICAR-IIMR briefed about the major Research Institute (IRRI) made a short presentation on purpose of the project. Dr. Rajendra R. Chapke, Principal current approaches in drought prevention and alleviation. Scientist and PI of the project presented the project Mr. Suhas R Joshi, Head CSR South Asia, Bayer Group, did outline and activities. He urged all scientists and experts the deliberation on Context setting – collaborative efforts to contribute their inputs for smooth implementation for drought & farmer distress alleviation. The workshop was of the project. The chairman further said that the major conducted in three concurrent technical sessions- Theme I focus of the project is on development of farmers-led on Climate change, drought mitigation and technologies for extension strategy based on millets-based farming systems. drought proofing, under the chairmanship of Dr. Praveen V He also added that more emphasis needs to be given on Rao, VC, PJTSAU, Hyderabad; Theme II on Enabling Policies setting target of increasing area under millets and impact and governance mechanism for scaling drought mitigation, assessment since beginning. Several valuable suggestions

88 Meetings, Field Days ... were made by the experts on selection of millet farmer in general and in Prakasham district and the future scope facilitators (MFFs). The experts also suggested for the of millets cultivation and their utilization in the coming involvement of multidisciplinary team of scientists and years. During this event, IIMR exhibited the panicles of agricultural economist to deal with enhancing farmers’ high yielding cultivars, and showcased various products income and marketing facilities. such as sorghum biscuits, multigrain atta, flakes, pasta, vermicelli etc. This event was organized in collaboration Field Days with the Department of Agriculture, Andhra Pradesh, and NABARD. This event was coordinated by Joint Director of Farmer’s day on millets cultivation and their Agriculture and the team comprising of AOs, Agricultural utilization at Chirala Extension Officers, MPDOs, and members of ATMA of A farmer’s day was organized by ICAR-IIMR at Chirala, Prakasham District. Prakasham district, Andhra Pradesh on 27 July 2019. Germplasm Field Day About 300 farmers from surrounding villages actively Foxtail millet and little millet germplasm field day was participated in Farmers day. Scientists from IIMR, Dr. B. organized under the CRP on Agro-Biodiversity on small Subbarayudu explained on the package of practices of millet project on 28 August 2019. The multi-location trials millets including improved methods to obtain the high constituted under project with foxtail millet (140 acc.) and grain and fodder yields and integrated pest management. little millet (200 acc.) were visited by the scientists of AICRP Dr Ch. Sashidhar Reddy addressed the farmers about on small millets and another trial on sorghum (405 acc.) by the cost effective technologies of millet crops. Smt. the scientists of AICRP on sorghum and selected desirable Annapurna, Deputy Director of Agriculture, ATMA, germplasm. Drs. Vilas A Tonapi, Prabhakar, Sushil Pandey Department of agriculture addressed the importance of and 40 AICRP scientists visited all the AICRP-Small millets soil health cards in present agricultural scenario. Smt. trials being conducted at IIMR. The team also discussed Sumathi, Mandal Agriculture Officer, Chirala briefed about the preparation for the III Phase of CRP-AB during about the cropping pattern particularly in Chirala mandal 2021-2025. Dr. M Elangovan, coordinated the event.

89 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

Sensitization on millets cultivation and entrepreneurship Exhibition stalls ICAR- IIMR, Hyderabad organized a sorghum awareness @ ISTA – Seed Symposium, Hyderabad programme on millets cultivation, their food products and International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) organized seed entrepreneurship opportunities to the youth and young symposium during 24 June to 3 July, 2019 at Hitex, HICC farmers at Jaidhupally and Sarpanpally villages of Vikarabad Complex, Hyderabad. Drs. B Venkatesh Bhat, N Kannababu, district in Telangana state on 21 August 2019. On this Sangappa, Sooganna, Mr. Raghunath Kulkarni, from IIMR occasion, scientists of IIMR, Drs. B. Subbarayudu explained participated in the symposium. During this event, ICAR-IIMR in detail about millets cultivation, production, and their organized seed cum value added products exhibition during 26-28 June 2019. Shri Kailash Chowdhury, Hon’ble Minister value-added products and Ch. Sashidhar Reddy spoke of State, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, New about the package of practices for sorghum as well as other Delhi, National and International delegates, President of ISTA, millets cultivation. Smt. Soma Saroja, AM, National Bank other state level dignitaries and Farmers from Telangana, for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) briefed Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Maharashtra states visited about the main need based rural activities of NABARD. IIMR stall and appreciated the technologies developed by Further, she highlighted the advantages of establishing IIMR. Literature on millets production, processing, value the millets processing unit thereby to get more profits addition was distributed to visitors. for their millets crops. On this event, value added millet food products were also displayed. Dr B. Subbarayudu, Pr. Scientist, IIMR coordinated this event.

Field day on millets at Tekur village, Telangana State A field day on millets was organized by ICAR–IIMR in adopted project village Tekur, in Nyalkal mandal of Sangareddy district of Telangana State under Farmer First Project on 22 November 2019. The main objective of the programme was to evaluate performance of the field trials and interact with farmers for collecting their feedback on the technology interventions, and build-up confidence to adopt them for increasing profitability and socio-economic upliftment of the millet growers. About 50 farmers from Tekur and surrounding villages including head of the gram @ IIMR, Hyderabad panchayat took part in the programme. Drs. Rajendra R. An exhibition on millets, facilitating to display various Chapke, PS and other scientific staff from IIMR along with agriculture-based food processing, farm implements and other technologies developed by public sector, private trial farmers from the selected villages participated in the sector and NGOs was organized by IIMR-Hyderabad on 3 event. The meeting was followed by field visit of sorghum June, 2019. Sh. Vivek Agarwal, IAS, Joint Secretary, (Crops), crop variety CSV27 and flower drop tolerant variety of red- Ministry of Agriculture, New Delhi inaugurated this exhibition gram (Asha) crop. In order to promote value-addition, a roti in the presence of Dr. Vilas A Tonapi, Director, IIMR. More making machine was handed over to a women self-help than 500 visitors visited these stalls. IIMR also set up a stall group and few members of the group were given training and the importance of millets as health and nutritious food to operate the machine at Gangapur village. Farmers was explained to the visitors and the relevant literature was expressed that it would boost up the utilization and distributed. The visitors showed keen interest in millet food consumption of millets especially, sorghum. The field day products, and the scope for entrepreneurship development. programme was coordinated by the project PI, Dr. Chapke, and made queries about franchise opportunities. PS, ICAR-IIMR.

90 Meetings, Field Days ...

@ NASC complex, New Delhi with Department of Genetics and plant breeding, CCSHAU, ICAR-IIMR’s - Nutrihub organized exhibition stalls of its Hisar and ICAR-IIMR, Hyderabad. The one-day workshop incubatees and showcased technologies developed by the was inaugurated by Shri. Vivek Agarwal, JS (Crops & institute during st 91 Foundation Day celebrations of ICAR Post-Harvest Management) Department of Agriculture, held at the National Agricultural Science Centre Complex, cooperation and farmers’ welfare. Dr. Vilas A. Tonapi, New Delhi on 16 July 2019. About 3 start-ups of ICAR-IIMR Director, ICAR-IIMR was the guest of honour for the event. exhibited their innovative products which attracted many More than 1000 farmers, entrepreneurs and delegates policy makers to know the importance of millets. More than visited the stall and appreciated the efforts of IIMR. 1,000 visitors visited IIMR stalls including Shri Narendra @ KVK – CRIDA, Hyderabad Singh Tomar, Union Minister of Agriculture and Farmers Krishi Vigyan Kendra, ICAR-CRIDA, Ranga Reddy district, Welfare & President of the ICAR Society, Shri Parshottam organized Jai Shakthi Abhiyan in its campus on 2 October Rupala, Union Minister of state, Ministry of Agriculture and 2019. As a part of this program, Kisan mela was also Farmers Welfare, Shri Kailash Choudhary, Union Minister of organized. It included various lectures and exhibition stalls state, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. Dr. T. from research organizations. ICAR-IIMR participated in Mahopatra, Secretary DARE & Director General, ICAR and the event and showcased dryland farmers’ friendly millets other dignitaries from Ministry of Agriculture, ICAR, SAUs technologies and value-added products. More than 500 and other institutes. farmers visited IIMR stall and enriched millets knowledge. @ CCSHAU, Hisar Farmers who have cultivated millets received market linkages ICAR-IIMR organized exhibition stall during National and shown keen interest in processing machineries. Workshop on Production, Processing and Value addition @Bhubaneshwar, Odisha of Nutri-cereals (millets) on 16 September 2019 held at Odisha Millet Mission, Department of Agriculture and Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Farmers Empowerment organized one-day workshop (CCSHAU), Hisar. The workshop was organized by on Nutri-Cereals at Krishi Bhavan, Bhubaneshwar on Directorate of Millets Development, Jaipur in collaboration 16th October, 2019 to celebrate the World Food Day. As

91 IIMR-Annual Report 2019 a part of workshop, exhibition was also organized to 2019. Shri. Dr. Trilochan Mohapatra, Director General, ICAR showcase improved millets cultivars, processing equipment, inaugurated the event. More than 2000 persons visited value added millets products by various stakeholders like millets stall. Many visitors appreciated the millets products Farmers Producer Organizations, Govt. Institutions, State and technologies developed by ICAR-IIMR. Agricultural Universities, NGO, Private Players etc. The @ CRS, Solapur workshop was inaugurated by Shri Asit Kumar Tripathy, IAS, Chief Secretary Govt. of Odisha, in august presence ICAR-IIMR, Hyderabad, organized an exhibition stall at the of Agriculture Production Commissioner, GoO, Dr. Vilas A training programme on “Millets cultivation, production, Tonapi, Director, ICAR-IIMR, Hyderabad. More than 1000 productivity and their Utilization” at Centre on Rabi farmers and various millets stakeholders visited IIMR stall Sorghum (IIMR), Solapur on 17 December, 2019. IIMR stall and appreciated the efforts made by IIMR. was visited by more than 400 persons including Farmers, Government officials, Women from self-help groups, and @ NAARM, Hyderabad students. The visitors were explained about the health ICAR-IIMR organized an exhibition stall and showcased benefits of millets, cultivation practices and future of millets millet value added products during 89th Annual Session of in Indian food basket. Samples of millet food products were NASI held at NAARM, Rajendranagar from 21-23 December, distributed.

92 Distinguished Visitors 13

S. No. Name Affiliation Date 1 Smt. Chhavi Jha Joint Secretary (RKVY), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, 3 April, 2019 Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare, New Delhi 2 Smt. V Usha Rani Director General, MANAGE, Hyderabad. 3 April, 2019 3 Sh. Raman Ahuja Independent advisor and consultant in food & agriculture, Bengaluru 4 Mr. VijayKumar Chief General Manager, Telangana reg. NABARD,Hyderabad 20 May, 2019 5 Sh. Vivek Agarwal, IAS Joint Secretary, (Crops), Ministry of Agriculture, New Delhi 03 June, 2019 6 Sh. Raj Bhandari Member, National Technical Board of Nutrition and Health, NITI Ayog, 03 June, 2019 Mumbai 7 Dr. Subhash Chandra, Director, DMD, Jaipur 03 June, 2019 8 Dr. Rajendra Vanamala Scientist, Pennsylvania State University, USA 11 June, 2019 9 Dr. KSMS Raghava Rao Director, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysuru 24 June, 2019 10 Dr. Bluemmel Team Leader, Feed and Forage Development Board, Ethiopia 8 July, 2019 11 Dr. Yogananda Moolemath Chief Scientific Officer, M/s. Vittarthaa Life Sciences, Bengaluru 29 July, 2019 12 Sh. Surya Pratap Shahi Hon’ble Agricultural Minister of Uttar Pradesh 29 Aug., 2019 13 Dr. S Solomon Vice Chancellor, CSAUA&T, Kanpur 29 Aug., 2019 14 Sh. Arnab Saha Senior General Manager-Chairman`s Office and Lead, Strategic Initiatives, 29 Aug., 2019 Reliance Industries Limited, Mumbai 15 Dr. Anand Kumar Singh DDG (Hort) – ICAR, New Delhi 14 Sept., 2019 16 Dr. T Janaki Ram ADG Horticulture - ICAR, New Delhi. 14 Sept., 2019 17 Dr. VP Sharma Director, DMR, Solan 14 Sept., 2019 18 Dr. K Nirmal Babu Director, ICAR-IISR Calicut 14 Sept., 2019 19 Dr. RB Tiwari Principal Scientist, IIHR, Bengaluru 14 Sept., 2019 20 Ms. Pushpa C Kumar Scientist, IIHR, Bengaluru 14 Sept., 2019 21 Dr. Sudhir Singh Pr. Scientist, Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi 14 Sept., 2019 22 Dr. E Jayashree Principal Scientist, Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut 14 Sept., 2019 23 Dr. Kalyani Gorrepati Scientist, Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune 14 Sept., 2019 24 Sh. H Arun Kumar IAS, Special Commissioner, Government of Andhra Pradesh 21 Sept., 2019 25 Dr. T Pradeep Director (Seed), PJTSAU, Hyderabad 23 Sept., 2019 26 Dr. Thiyagu Devarajan Plant Breeder, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development 22 Oct., 2019 Institute (MARDI), Malaysia 27 Dr. Muhammad Najib Othman Research Officer, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development 22 Oct., 2019 Ghani Institute (MARDI), Malaysia 28 Dr. Sekharbabu Geddam IFS, VC & MD of AP State Seeds Development Corporation, Govt. of 11 Nov., 2019 Andhra Pradesh, Amaravati 29 Dr. M Hemanth Kumar Principal Scientist (Millets) & Head, ARS, Perumallapalle, Tirupati 11 Nov., 2019 30 Sh. GK Mohan Reddy Manager (Marketing & QC), AP State Seeds Development Corporation, 11 Nov., 2019 Amaravati

93 IIMR-Annual Report 2019

S. No. Name Affiliation Date 31 Sh. Suhas Joshi and Bayer’s foundation and Mentors Foundation 14 Nov., 2019 Sh. Santosh Bhosle 32 Sri Pradyumna PS IAS, Special Commissioner & Director of Agriculture Marketing, 20 Nov., 2019 Government of Andhra Pradesh 33 Dr. Kuldeep Singh Director, ICAR-NBPGR-New Delhi 21 Nov., 2019 34 Sh. Govind Prasad Sharma Director (Finance), ICAR, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi 30 Nov., 2019 35 Dr. SK Srivastava, Director, ICAR-CIWA, Bhubaneshwar 18 Dec., 2019 36 Drs. PC Lenka, Prabina Kumar Members - RAC of ICAR-Central Institute for Women in Agriculture (ICAR- 18 Dec., 2019 Dehuri, Lipi Das & J Charles Jeeva CIWA), Bhubaneswar 37 Dr. RR Hanchinal Former VC-UAS, Dharwad and presently consultant, Indo-German Seed 31 Dec., 2019 Sector Development Programme

Smt. Chhavi Jha, Joint Secretary (RKVY), Min. of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Dr. Rajendra Vanamala, Scientist, Pennsylvania State University, USA DAC & FW New Delhi

Sh. H Arun Kumar, IAS, Special Commissioner, Government of Andhra Pradesh Dr. Kuldeep Singh, Director, ICAR-NBPGR-New Delhi

Sri PS Pradyumna, IAS, Spl. Commissioner & Director of Agriculture Marketing, Sh. Surya Pratap Shahi, Hon’ble Agricultural Minister, Uttar Pradesh Government of Andhra Pradesh

94 Personnel 14

Dr. Vilas A Tonapi : Director, IIMR & Project Coordinator, AICRP (Sorghum & Small Millets)

Scientific Staff As on 31 December, 2019

S. No. Name Designation Discipline 1 Dr. SS Rao Principal Scientist Plant Physiology 2 Dr. CV Ratnavathi Principal Scientist Bio-Chemistry 3 Dr. KBRS Visarada Principal Scientist Genetics & Cytogenetics 4 Dr. B Dayakar Rao Principal Scientist Agril. Economics 5 Dr. G Shyam Prasad Principal Scientist Agril. Entomology 6 Dr. Ch Sashidhar Reddy Principal Scientist Agril. Extension 7 Dr. B Venkatesh Bhat Principal Scientist Genetics & Cytogenetics 8 Dr. Aruna C Reddy Principal Scientist Plant Breeding 9 Dr. R Madhusudhana Principal Scientist Plant Breeding 10 Dr. AV Umakanth Principal Scientist Plant Breeding 11 Dr. IK Das Principal Scientist Plant Pathology 12 Dr. M Elangovan Principal Scientist Economic Botany 13 Dr. PG Padmaja Principal Scientist Agril. Entomology 14 Dr. N Kanna Babu Principal Scientist Seed Technology 15 Dr. B Subbarayudu Principal Scientist Agril. Entomology 16 Dr. P Rajendrakumar Principal Scientist Biotechnology 17 Dr. K Hariprasanna Principal Scientist Plant Breeding 18 Dr. A Kalaisekar Principal Scientist Agril. Entomology 19 Dr. Rajendra R Chapke Principal Scientist Agril. Extension 20 Dr. D Balakrishna Principal Scientist Biotechnology 21 Dr. P Sanjana Reddy Principal Scientist Plant Breeding 22 Dr. T Nepoleon Principal Scientist Genetics 23 Dr. J Stanley Sr. Scientist Agri. Entomology 24 Sh. K Srinivasa Babu Scientist Agril. Entomology 25 Sh. P Mukesh Scientist Computer Applications 26 Dr. KN Ganapathy Scientist Plant Breeding 27 Dr. Jinu Jacob Scientist Biotechnology 28 Dr. R Venkateswarlu Scientist Biochemistry 29 Dr. Avinash Singode Scientist Plant Breeding 30 Dr. Sangappa Chillarge Scientist Agril. Extension 31 Dr. Amasiddha Bellundagi Scientist Plant Breeding

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S. No. Name Designation Discipline 32 Dr. Deepika Cheruku Scientist Plant Breeding 33 Dr. Swarna Ronanki Scientist Agronomy 34 Dr. Sooganna Scientist Seed Science & Technology 35 Dr. Anuradha Narala Scientist Agril. Economics 36 Dr. Srividhya S Scientist Plant Physiology 37 Ms. Hemasankari Scientist Agril. Engineering 38 Dr. G Rajesha Scientist Plant Pathology CRS, Solapur 39 Dr. KK Sharma Principal Scientist Plant Pathology 40 Dr. MY Samdur Principal Scientist Plant Breeding 41 Dr. Parashuram Patroti Scientist Plant Breeding

Senior Technical Staff Personnel Joined IIMR

Name Designation Name Designation Joined on Dr. KV Raghavendra Rao Chief Technical Officer Mr. Shazaad Zakir Stenographer 05 April, 2019

Smt. A Annapurna Chief Technical Officer Dr. Anuradha Scientist (Agri. Economics) 25 Nov., 2019 Narala Sh. OV Ramana Chief Technical Officer Dr. Srividhya S Scientist (Plant Physiology) 02 Dec., 2019 Sh. HS Gawali Assistant Chief Technical Officer Ms. Hemasankari Scientist (Agri. Engineering) 04 Dec., 2019

Smt. D Revati Assistant Chief Technical Officer Dr. J Stanley Sr. Scientist 21 Dec., 2019 (Agri. Entomology) Sh. DM Bahadure Assistant Chief Technical Officer Dr. G Rajesha Scientist (Plant Pathology) 30 Dec., 2019 Sh. AR Limbore Assistant Chief Technical Officer Personnel Promoted Sh. K Raveendra Babu Senior Technical Officer Name From To Dr. Mahesh Kumar Senior Technical Officer Mr. K Suresh Kumar UDC Assistant Senior Administrative Staff Personnel Superannuated

Name Designation Name Designation Retired on

Sh. Charles Ekka Senior Administrative Officer Dr. S Ravikumar Senior Scientist 30 April, 2019 Sh. Ch Narasimha Skilled Supporting Staff 30 April, 2019 Sh. A Narasimha Murty Finance & Accounts Officer Dr. HS Talwar Principal Scientist 31 July, 2019 Smt. VSG Parvati Assistant Administrative Officer Smt. Vishala Devender Chief Technical Officer 31 July, 2019 Smt. G Saraswati Assistant Administrative Officer

Sh. D Rambabu Assistant Administrative Officer Sad Demise

Sh. K Sanath Kumar Private Secretary ICAR-IIMR regrets to place on record the sad demise of Sh. K Venkata Swamy, Tech Assistant due to ill health on Smt. N Kanaka Durga Personal Assistant 29 April 2019 and Smt. B Yadamma, Skilled Support Staff due to cardiac arrest on 10 July 2019. The entire IIMR Smt. A Usha Rani Personal Assistant family expressed condolences to the bereaved families.

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Nutricereal Conclave 2019 Incubation & Entrepreneurship), IIM Ahmadabad as ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research (IIMR), Hyderabad partner. Dr. Amarnath, Sh. Yuvaraj, Dr. V Ravikumar and and IIMR’s Nutrihub-Technology Business Incubator staff of Nutrihub and other scientific and technical staff of (NIELAN-TBI) organized unique flagship event “Nutri- IIMR actively associated for the successful completion of Cereals Conclave 2019” at HICC, Hyderabad during 29-30 this event. November, 2019. The main aim of the conclave was to Seeds Distribution in villages of Vikarabad District, promote start-ups in Food/Agri/Nutri-Tech Ecosystem, and Telangana to enhance opportunities in millets value chain, webbing network among investors and entrepreneurs, spreading ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research (IIMR) organized awareness about millets. Farmer’s awareness campaign on Millet cultivation and Seeds Distribution programme on 30 June 2019 at First day encompassed panel discussions on aspects such Sarpanapally, Jaidhupally and Tharigopula villages, in as “Funding Opportunities in Agri/Food/Nutri Tech Sector”, Dharur Mandal of Vikarabad district, Telangana. Seeds of CSIR Funding for Public Funded Incubator’s start-ups high yielding dual purpose kharif sorghum varieties (CSV Journey – Experience Sharing.” On the second-day, panel 17 and CSV 27) and Foxtail millet (SIA 3085) distributed to discussions on “Industrial perspectives on millets”, Insights the farmers. About 100 farmers from above three villages of Regional Ecosystem”, “Pitching presentations by Start- participated enthusiastically in this event and received ups Companies and Nutrihub Incubatee”, etc. were taken the seed. Farmers expressed their wish to cultivate millets up. Total 8 out of 10 startup companies have been selected due to increasing awareness on millets cultivation and by the jury based on their business model and uniqueness production technologies under less rainfall situations. of the product and 12 incubatees got graduated during Dr. B. Subbarayudu, Principal scientist, IIMR coordinated the conclave from incubation services of Nutrihub. The this event under NABARD sponsored project entitled on conclave ended with pitching by prospective startups “Promotion of millets technology and entrepreneurial skills for entering into the incubation facility of Nutrihub. The among farmers/ youth of Vikarabad district of Telangana”. event was jointly organized by ISBA- a national network association of incubators in the country, as co-organizer Seed distribution to the farmers for this event and RICH (Research and innovation Circle Seed of high yielding dual purpose rabi sorghum varieties of Hyderabad) as Tech Partner, CIIE (Centre for Innovation Phule Revathi and M35-1 were distributed to 89 farmers

97 IIMR-Annual Report 2019 of Sarpanaplly village, Dharur Mandal in Vikarabad health snacks prepared from millets were served in bio- district of Telangana state on 17 September, 2019. These degradable and natural plates. farmers were motivated towards millets cultivation through awareness programmes, exposure visits, personal interactions and trainings organized by ICAR- Indian Institute of Millets Research (IIMR) round the year. Dr. B Subbarayudu, Principal Investigator, NABARD project, coordinated and organized this event. This programme was undertaken by ICAR- IIMR, Hyderabad as a part of the Project entitled on “Promotion of Millets Technology and Entrepreneurial Skills among farmers and youth of Vikarabad district in Telangana” Sponsored by NABARD.

ICAR-NBPGR-IIMR undertakes Millets exploration in Independence day Celebrated Maharashtra and Karnataka ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad celebrated 73rd Independence Day with a lot of enthusiasm as usual. Dr Vilas A Tonapi, Nanded and Hingoli districts in Maharashtra and Bidar in Director, IIMR unfurled the national flag on the occasion Karnataka were explored for millets and pulses germplasm and addressed the IIMR staffs. During his speech he during 15-24th November 2019. Seventy accessions of millets germplasm were collected, of which 54 acc. of congratulated the whole IIMR staff for their contribution in Sorghum, 8 acc. of Pearl millet, 7 acc. of Foxtail millet and receiving the Sardar Patel Outstanding Institute Award for 1 acc. of Finger millet. The exploration was undertaken in the year 2018 by the ICAR. He emphasized on the additional collaboration with ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic responsibilities and need to work more cohesively to get Resources (NBPGR), Regional Station, Hyderabad. The team many laurels to the IIMR in future. During the celebrations members were Drs. Kamala Venkateshwaran, M Elangovan, IIMR organized 19 different sports and games and Mane, Patel and Mohammed Abbas. Director gave away the prizes to the winners. Dr. M Elangovan, Mr. Vilas D Aghav and Mr. J Bhagavatam, were the Significant Days /Weeks coordinators of the event. International Yoga Day Parthenium weed removal week The ICAR-IIMR (Millets) celebrated 5th International yoga ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets observed week long day, “Festival of yoga and well-being” on 21 June 2019. Parthenium removal programme from 16 August 2019. With a view to adopt yoga in day to day life and with the Parthenium hysterophorus is universally widespread weed, theme of well-being and healthy life, competitions were commonly known as Parthenium weed. conducted. The target audience were farm women and men that do drudgery in farm operations so that they understand the benefits of yoga and adopt in their lives. Quiz questions revolved around Yogasana and the global role of India in yoga. Expert teachers in yoga, Mrs. Aruna and Dr. Singa Rao were invited to teach and explain postures. They demonstrated the yoga exercises to the staff as per the CYP 2019. Eco friendly yoga indigenous accessories like yoga mat, yoga blocks and props were explained. The program was attended by all the staff members including contractual, RAs/SRF, students. Later

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This weed is an annual that aggressively colonizes the protecting the environment as well as conserving the agricultural lands and has become a serious weed in the natural resources. entire world. Parthenium is also a weed that causes lot of 150th Birth Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi allergies to agricultural labourers and city-dwellers who are Celebrated sensitive to it. At IIMR, all the staff actively participated one hour every day to remove this weed from various ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research (IIMR) experimental fields and research farms as per the Councils observed the ‘Swachhta hi Seva” campaign between 11 guidelines. Dr. KBRS Visarada was the chief coordinator to September to 02 October 2019 with the theme of Plastic th organize this event with the help of Farm section staff. Waste management to commemorate the 150 birth Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi. Sadbhavana Diwas observed The Sadbhavana Diwas was organized at ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research on 20 August 2019 with great zeal and enthusiasm. The Sadbhavana Diwas or Harmony Day is commended to remember the 75th birth commemoration of the Sh. Rajiv Gandhi, former Prime Minister of India. On this day, a pledge was also taken by the staff of IIMR, which was administered by Dr. Vilas All staff members including Scientists, Technical, A Tonapi, Director, IIMR, for the emotional oneness and Administrative, Contractual staff, RAs, SRFs and students harmony of all the people of India regardless of caste, took the Swachhta pledge, and participated in the region, religion or language and to resolve all differences campus cleanliness drive focusing especially on banning among us through dialogue and constitutional means the use of Single Use Plastic with great zeal, enthusiasm without resorting to violence. The same Pledge in Hindi and patriotism. To mark this occasion, various programs was administered by Dr. Mahesh Kumar, STO. This day was were organized at IIMR including competitions to school also celebrated for conserving the greenery, preserving children, debates, lectures besides regular cleanliness the natural beauty, planting the tree, removal of weeds, programmes. Prizes were distributed to the winners.

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Vigilance Awareness Week observed provide an opportunity for everyone to contribute to the integral strength of the nation. It was also to tell all to realize how national integrity helps in defeating the actual and potential threats for unity, integrity and security of the nation. To mark this great occasion, various activities and events including “Integrity Pledge” in both Hindi and English, and “Run for Unity” were organized. The Director and Staff of IIMR actively participated in these events. Dr. SS Rao, Principal Scientist, coordinated this event.

“Constitution Day” celebrated ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research observed “Vigilance Awareness Week” from 28 October ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad celebrated “Constitution Day” on 2019 to 2 November 2019 for spreading awareness 26 November 2019 to commemorate the adoption of against corruption and to encourage measures to improve Constitution of India and acknowledge the contributions the overall functioning in the institute as per Councils of the founding fathers of the constitution. The instructions. The theme of this year’s Vigilance Awareness programme started with ICAR song followed by welcome Week is “Integrity –A way of life’. The observance of this and purpose of the meeting, reading of the preamble of week commenced with a pledge administered by the Constitution in Hindi by Dr. Mahesh Kumar and in English Director, IIMR in English and Senior Administrative Officer by Dr. M Elangovan. in Hindi to all the staff on 29 October 2019 at 11 AM in the Conference Hall. To mark this Awareness Week, IIMR organized essay writing, quiz, poster and debate competitions for all the staff of IIMR and prizes were distributed the winners.

Vigilance Awareness programme in Gram Sabha A Public sensitization programme on vigilance awareness was organized by ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research at village Angadi chittampalli in Vikarabad District in Telangana State on 30 October, 2019. About 75 villagers The current year 2019, marks the 70th Year of adoption including farmers actively participated in this awareness of the Constitution of India. The year would focus programme. Dr. Sashidhar Reddy, Scientist from Indian on creating the awareness on the Citizens Duties Institute of Millets Research explained the motto of including the Fundamental Duties enshrined in the organizing the vigilance awareness against corruption and Indian Constitution. Dr. M Elangovan, Principal Scientist encouraging measures to improve the overall functioning delivered a lecture on “Fundamental Duties of Indian of the public organizations. Citizens” and presented the different fundamental duties of the citizen of India. He also briefed about the Rashtriya Ekta Diwas year-long plan for the celebration which includes, quiz, Rashtriya Ekta Diwas National Unity Day (also known as ) debate, drama and painting. Sri DM Bahadure, ACTO was celebrated on 31 October 2019 at ICAR-Indian Institute explained the different parts of the constitution related of Millets Research, Hyderabad. It was celebrated to to agriculture and nutrition. Dr. SS Rao, Director i/c commemorate the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai delivered his address at the end of the programme. The Patel who unified the country. The aim of this event was programme was coordinated by Drs. M Elangovan and to enlighten the youth of the country to be aware of and Mahesh Kumar.

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Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Swachatha Pakhwada Programme at Angadi Chittampally: in sweeping of village roads. Dr. Ch. Shashidhar Reddy ICAR- Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, motivated and sensitized the rural youth and farmers initiated Swachatha Pakhwada Programme on 30 about the Swachhata Pakhwada programme and September 2019 at Angadi Chittampally village of Ranga importance of cleanliness for betterment of societal health. Reddy district in Telangana. The farmers and scientists Dr. B Subbbarayudu coordinated this event. of IIMR took the cleanliness pledge and participated Memorandum of Understandings /Agreements The following Memorandum of Agreements / Understandings were signed at ICAR-IIMR during the year 2019. Dr Vilas A Tonapi, Director – IIMR on behalf of IIMR signed the agreements.

S. Date of Party MoU on / Product Name of Proprietor No. Agreement

1 M/s Jayaram Foods Millet - bakery products manufacturing Technology Ms. P Geetha 8 April, 2019

2 Sam Higginbottom University Student research for master’s and Doctoral Dr. Shailesh Marker, 6 May, of Agriculture, Technology programmes Director of Research 2019 and Sciences, deemed to be University, Pryagraj, UP

3 CCS Hisar Agricultural Ro promote and accelerate the programmes of Dr. MS Sidhpuria, HRM, 31 May, University (CCSHAU), Hisar academic cooperation between both the institutions CCSHAU, Hisar 2019

4 CSIR- Central Food Collaboration in the field of millet research like Dr. KSMS Raghavarao, 24 June, Technological Research Development of millets-based phytochemicals rich Director, CSIR-CFTRI, 2019 Institute, Mysuru healthy foods, Mechanization involved in millet Mysuru processing, quality and safety standards for millet grains and value-added products.

5 Chandra Shekhar Azad Internship assignments and knowledge and practical Dr. S. Solomon, 28 Aug. 2019 University of Agriculture and experience required to excel in research and Vice Chancellor, CSAUA&T, technology (CSAUA&T), development. Kanpur Kanpur

6 Association of Lady To facilitate collaborative skill development activities K Rama Devi, President 29 Aug. 2019 Entrepreneurs of India, like training and incubation services, entrepreneurship Hyderabad development in areas related to millets and development of innovative millet-based products.

7 UPL ltd., Hyderabad Seed production and marketing of CSH 24MF sorghum Sh. Prashant Belgamwar, 28 Aug. 2019 multi-cut forage sorghum Business Director

8 Walchand College of Arts Promote and accelerate the programmes of academic Sh. Santosh Koti, Principal 29 Aug. 2019 and Science, Solapur, cooperation between both the institutions. Maharashtra

9 M/s. Foragen Seeds (P) Ltd, Production and marketing of Sweet Sorghum Hybrid Sh. G Prabhakar Babu, 03 Oct. 2019 Hyderabad CSH 22SS Managing Director

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S. Date of Party MoU on / Product Name of Proprietor No. Agreement

10 M/s. Prathamik Beej Production and marketing of Kharif Hybrid CSH 30 Sh. Hemrau Gour, Manager 14 Oct. 2019 Utpaadak Sahkari Samsthan

11 Shri Pandarinath Beej Production and marketing of Kharif Hybrid CSH 41 Sh. Gopal Tejram Bhojne, 14 Oct. 2019 Utpaadak Samsthan Secretary

12 M/s JNTU-Anantapur Student education and training Dr. P Hemabindu, Professor 15 Nov. 2019

13 MS Swaminathan Research To carry out activities of the approved three years’ Dr. Oliver King, Pr. Scientist 30 Dec. 2019 Foundation (MSSRF), research project. and CCPI of the project and Chennai Dr. N. Anil Kumar, Executive Director, MSSRF, Chennai

102 Infrastructure Development 16

Sprinkler System for landscaped Gardens Black topping of new campus roads

Car parking facility High efficiency millet primary processing machinery

Robotic workstation for mid to high throughput Commercial scale millet biscuits and cookies nucleic acid extraction manufacturing facility

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Crop work area (Under construction) New Compound wall for field research farms

New campus development initiatives

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Inspection of Official Language Implementation at Eleven various competitions viz. Hindi Alphabets, Reading IIMR of Hindi text, Vocabulary & Memory Power, Dictation & Chetana The Official Language Implementation activities at IIMR, Noting & Drafting in Hindi were held during the Maas Hyderabad were monitored by Shri KP Sharma, Deputy . Scientists, Technical and Administrative personnel, Director, Regional Implementation Office, Department of research scholars and students of the IIMR participated in Official Language, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government the above competitions with great enthusiasm. Besides, of India on 17 September, 2019. He appreciated the work there was a signature campaign in Hindi during the month, done at IIMR for Official Language Implementation & he in which all the officers and employees signed their official emphasized on original Hindi correspondence instead documents in Hindi. of covering letters. Dr. CV Ratnavathi, In-charge Director assured him to improve in official Language Implementation at the Institute.

Valedictory function was organized on 3rd October, 2019. The programme began with ICAR song. At the outset, Dr. Jinu Jacob, Scientist and Officer-in-Change, Hindi Cell welcomed the delegates and participants. Dr. B. Shivaprasad, Motivational Speaker, Hyderabad was the Chief Guest of the Programme. Dr. Mahesh Kumar, Senior Technical Officer (OL) presented the report on official Hindi Chetana Maas Celebration language implementation at IIMR during last year and Dr. ICAR-IIMR, Hyderabad was celebrated Hindi Chetana Maas M Elangovan, Principal Scientist presented the Report on from 31 August to 30 September, 2019. The programme various programmes organized during Hindi Chetana Maas was inaugurated by Dr. Vilas A Tonapi, Director, IIMR on 31 through a Video. Dr. Shivaprasad, the Chief Guest of the August, 2019 by lightning the lamp. programme gave away the Cash awards and certificates to the winners and Dr. Tonapi gave away the consolation prizes and certificates to the participants and Mementos to the Chief Guest and judges of the of the various competitions.

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Hindi Workshops Publishing of IIMR News Letter in Hindi: IIMR Newsletters IIMR organized three Hindi workshops on 27 June, 2019, on is completely publishing in Hindi version also. 20 September 2019 and 26 November, 2019. Shri Jaishankar IIMR Advertisement: On the occasion of Hindi Divas Prasad Tiwari, Assistant Director, CHTSI and Dr. Mahesh an advertisement in Hindi was published in daily Hindi Kumar, Sr. Tech. Officer (OL), IIMR delivered the lectures on news papers “Hindi Milap” & “Swatantra Vaartha” on 14 the different aspects of Official Language Implementation September 2019. during the above workshops. About 50 staff members of Bilingual forms: The official forms used for various purposes the IIMR participated in the programme. in the IIMR were prepared in bilingual (Hindi and English) & Other Official Language Implementation activities uploaded on IIMR Server. Hindi Roster: A roster was prepared on ‘Hindi knowledge’ Official Language Implementation of IIMR in Highlights: “Hindi Milap”, “Swatantra Vaartha”, “Shubha Labha”, of IIMR employees, it is being updated regularly. Rajbhasha Alok” etc. published the news regarding different Hindi Learning Board: Daily one Hindi word, its activities related to Official Language Hindi conducted at pronunciation in English and its equivalent English word IIMR, Hyderabad. was written on Hindi Learning Board at IIMR premises and compiled. It was found very useful for increasing the Hindi Official Language Implementation Committee (OLIC) vocabulary of IIMR staff. Meetings: The meetings of the OLIC were held during every quarter i.e. on 01 July, 2019; 20 September, 2019 and 28 Guest Lecture delivered December, 2019. The committee reviewed the progress Dr. Mahesh Kumar, Senior Technical Officer (Official made in Official Language Implementation at IIMR and Language), IIMR delivered a guest lecture on discussed the ways to improve it according to Department “Prashasanik Sabdavali Aur Karyalayin Patrachar” during of Official Language targets. Hindi Workshop on 30 September, 2019 at Hyderabad University, Hyderabad. Quarterly Progress Report of Official Language Hindi: The quarterly progress report of IIMR regarding progressive use of official language Hindi is being sent to the Regional Implementation Office (South), Dept. of Official Language, Bangalore, ICAR, New Delhi and TOLIC-Hyderabad- Secunderabad.

Hindi Edition of Annual Report: The printing of Hindi version of the IIMR Annual Report 2018-2019.

106 Visitors

IIMR Received ICAR's Sardar Patel Outstanding Instute Award-2018 9001-2015 Cerfied Instute -INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MILLETS RESEARCH OF MILLETS -INDIAN INSTITUTE ISO An Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, INDIA - Hyderabad Rajendranagar, www.millets.res.in ICAR Annual Report Annual 2019 ISSN-0972-6608 MILLETS

ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad : Annual Report 2019 www.millets.res.in Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, INDIA - Hyderabad Rajendranagar, -INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MILLETS RESEARCH MILLETS OF -INDIAN INSTITUTE Tel: 040-24599301 (Director); 24599300 (General); Email: [email protected] 24599300 (General); 040-24599301 (Director); Tel: ICAR ISSN-0972-6608