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INVENTORY of CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE TEFF TECHNOLOGIES, INNOVATIONS & MANAGEMENT PRACTICES Compiled by Aila Y. K., Kisilu

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INVENTORY of CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE TEFF TECHNOLOGIES, INNOVATIONS & MANAGEMENT PRACTICES Compiled by Aila Y. K., Kisilu INVENTORY OF CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE TEFF TECHNOLOGIES, INNOVATIONS & MANAGEMENT PRACTICES Compiled by Aila Y. K., Kisilu R., Esilaba A. O., Wayua F., Ondabu N., Nasirembe W., Odhiambo H., Ndubi J., Ndung’u J., Wambua J., Ndambuki, J., Kirigua, V. O. and Wasilwa, L. A. Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization Under KENYA CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE PROJECT (KCSAP) February 2021 Version 1 Table of Contents 1.0 Definition of terms and summary tables of Teff Technologies, Innovations and Management Practices (TIMPS) ......................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Definition of terms .................................................................................................................. 2 1.2 Summary of Inventory of TIMPs in the Teff Value Chain ................................................... 3 1.3 Summary of Status of TIMPs in Teff Value Chain ................................................................ 3 2.0 DETAILED TEFF VALUE CHAIN TIMPS .......................................................................... 9 2.1 TEFF VARIETIES .................................................................................................................. 9 2.3. GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES (GAPs) AND FOOD SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS......................................................................................................................................... 61 2.4 AGRONOMY ....................................................................................................................... 67 2.5. SOIL FERTILITY MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................ 77 2.6 SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT ............................................................................... 86 2.7. TEFF CROP HEALTH ............................................................................................................ 128 2.8. POST-HARVEST MANAGEMENT ...................................................................................... 162 2.9 TEFF VALUE ADDITION ................................................................................................ 179 2.10. MECHANIZATION OF TEFF PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES ..................................... 216 2.11 AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS AND MARKETING ....................................................... 237 2.12. AGRICULTURAL POLICY OPTIONS ............................................................................... 256 List of Tables Table 1 Summary of Teff TIMPs ............................................................................................................ 3 Table 2 Number of TIMPs ready for up-scaling, require validation or further research ........................ 3 Table 3 Inventory of Teff TIMPs by Category and Status ...................................................................... 4 1 1.0 Definition of terms and summary tables of Teff Technologies, Innovations and Management Practices (TIMPS) 1.1 Definition of terms Technology: This is defined as an output of a research process which is beneficial to the target clientele (mainly farmers, pastoralists, agro-pastoralists and fisher folk for KCSAP’s case), can be commercialized and can be patented under intellectual property rights (IPR) arrangements. It consists of research outputs such as tools, equipment, genetic materials, breeds, farming and herding practices, gathering practices, laboratory techniques, models etc. Management practice: This is defined as recommendation(s) on practice(s) that is/are considered necessary for a technology to achieve its optimum output. These include, for instance, different agronomic and practices (seeding rates, fertilizer application rates, spatial arrangements, planting period, land preparation, watering regimes, etc.), protection methods, for crops; and feed rations, management systems, disease control methods, etc. for animal breeds. This is therefore important information which is generated through research to accompany the parent technology before it is finally released to users and the technology would be incomplete without this information. Innovation: This is defined as a modification of an existing technology for an entirely different use from the original intended use. (e.g., fireless cooker modified to be used as a hatchery) 2 1.2 Summary of Inventory of TIMPs in the Teff Value Chain The inventory process identified 95 TIMPs comprising 43 technologies, 16 innovations and 36 management practices, distributed among the 12 sub-themes, as indicated in the table below. Table 1 Summary of Teff TIMPs Commodity/VC Sub-Theme Technologies Innovations Management Practices Teff Improved Teff varieties 10 0 0 Teff Teff seed system 0 3 0 Teff GAPs and Food Safety 0 0 2 Teff Agronomic 0 0 9 management practices Teff Soil Fertility 2 1 0 Management Teff Soil and Water 11 0 2 Management Teff Teff Crop health 1 2 6 Teff Postharvest 5 0 2 management Teff Teff Value addition 9 8 0 Teff Mechanization of Teff 5 2 0 production activities Teff Teff business and 0 0 8 Marketing Teff Agricultural Policy 0 0 7 Total 43 16 36 1.3 Summary of Status of TIMPs in Teff Value Chain The inventory process resulted in a total of 44 TIMPs that are ready for up-scaling, 43 TIMPs that require validation and 8 TIMPs that require further research in the sub-themes, as indicated in Table 2. Table 2 Number of TIMPs ready for up-scaling, require validation or further research Sub-Theme Ready for up- Require Further Commodity/VC scaling validation Research Teff Improved Teff varieties 2 6 2 Teff Teff seed system 1 1 1 Teff GAPs and Food Safety 2 0 0 Teff Agronomic management 7 2 0 practices Teff Soil Fertility 0 3 0 Management 3 Teff Soil and Water 5 8 0 Management Teff Teff Crop health 0 9 0 Teff Postharvest management 2 5 0 Teff Teff Value addition 5 9 3 Teff Mechanization of Teff 5 0 2 production activities Teff Teff business and 8 0 0 Marketing Teff Agricultural Policy 7 0 0 Overall Total 44 43 8 Table 3 Inventory of Teff TIMPs by Category and Status TIMPs Sub- TIMPs Title TIMPs Status Theme Category 2.1 Improved 2.1.1 Marsabit 1 (Cream white Technology Ready for Upscaling Teff varieties Teff ) 2.1.2 Lusike white (Pure white Technology Requires Validation Teff) 2.1.3 Marsabit 2 (Dark brown Technology Ready for Upscaling Teff) 2.1.4 KisTeff 1 (Light brown Technology Requires Validation Teff) 2.1.5 Aila Red (Red grain) Technology Further research 2.1.6 KIM -1 (Purple head Technology Further research white) 2.1.7 KIM -2 (Purple head Technology Further research brown) 2.1.8 KisTeff 2 (Read head Technology Further research white) 2.1.9 KIB 26 (Fodder white Technology Further research Teff ) 2.1.10 KIB 27 (Fodder brown Technology Further research Teff) 2.2 Teff seed 2.2.1. Own seed selection Innovation Ready for upscaling system 2.2.2. Informal Seed System Innovation Requires validation 2.2.3. Formal Seed System Innovation Further research 2.3 Good 2.3.1 Good Agricultural Management Ready for upscaling Agricultural Practices (GAP) for Teff practice Practices and Food Safety 2.3.2 Food Safety Management Management Ready for upscaling Management System: Hazard Analysis practice Systems Critical Control Points (HACCP) Plan for Teff Value Chain in Kenya 4 TIMPs Sub- TIMPs Title TIMPs Status Theme Category 2.4 Agronomic 2.4.1 Site selection and land Management Ready for up-scaling management preparation practice practices 2.4.2 Seed selection Management Ready for up-scaling practice 2.4.3 Planting Teff in rows Management Ready for up-scaling practice 2.4.4 Broadcasting at a low rate Management Ready for up-scaling practice 2.4.5 Use of manure in Teff Management Ready for up-scaling cultivation practice 2.4.6 Weed management Management Ready for up-scaling practice 2.4.7 Fertilizer application Management Ready for up-scaling practice 2.4.8 Crop rotation Management Requires validation practice 2.4.8 Harvesting Management Requires validation practice 2.5 Soil 2.5.1 Integrated Manure Complementary Requires validation fertility Management technology management 2.5.2 Integrated Soil Fertility Complementary Requires validation Management (ISFM) technology 2.5.3 Rapid soil testing services Innovation Requires validation 2.6 Soil and 2.6.1 Contour bands Technology Requires validation water 2.6.2 Zai Pits Technology Requires validation management 2.6.3 Bench terraces Technology Requires validation 2.6.4. Fanya Juu terraces Technology Requires validation 2.6.5. Stone lines Technology Requires validation 2.6.6 Retention ditches Technology Requires validation 2.6.7 Grass strips Technology Requires validation 2.6.8 Tied ridges /Ridging Technology Requires validation /Earthing 2.6.9 Rain water harvesting Management Ready for up-scaling systems (ponds and dams) practice 2.6.10 Conservation Management Ready for up-scaling Agriculture (CA) practice 2.6.11 Teff-legume Complementary Requires further intercropping technology research 2.6.12 Mulching Technology Requires further research 2.6.13 Drip irrigation systems Technology Ready for up-scaling for small scale farmers 2.7 Teff Crop 2.7.1 Integrated management of Management Requires validation Health Teff shoot fly, Red Teff worm, practice Locusts and Quelea quelea pests 5 TIMPs Sub- TIMPs Title TIMPs Status Theme Category 2.7.2 Integrated Pest Management Requires validation Management of African Army practice worm 2.7.3 Integrated management of Management Requires validation Teff Leaf Rust disease practice 2.7.4 Integrated management of Management
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