First Line of Title

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

First Line of Title ENHANCED REMOVAL OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM AND E. COLI O157:H7 FROM BLUEBERRIES AND STRAWBERRIES BY SOLUTIONS CONTAINING SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE AND ORGANIC ACIDS OR HYDROGEN PEROXIDE by Yingying Li A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Food Science Fall 2013 © 2013 Yingying Li All Rights Reserved ENHANCED REMOVAL OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM AND E. COLI O157:H7 FROM BLUEBERRIES AND STRAWBERRIES BY SOLUTIONS CONTAINING SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE AND ORGANIC ACIDS OR HYDROGEN PEROXIDE by Yingying Li Approved: __________________________________________________________ Changqing Wu, Ph.D. Professor in charge of thesis on behalf of the Advisory Committee Approved: __________________________________________________________ Jack Gelb, Ph.D. Chair of the Department of Animal and Food Sciences Approved: __________________________________________________________ Mark W. Rieger, Ph.D. Dean of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Approved: __________________________________________________________ James G. Richards, Ph.D. Vice Provost for Graduate and Professional Education ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My first and sincere appreciation goes to my advisor Dr. Changqing Wu for her continuous help and support in all stages of this thesis. I would like to thank my committee members Dr. Haiqiang Chen and Dr. Rolf Joerger for their interest in my work. In addition, I would like to thank my labmate, Wenqing Xu, who was always a great support in all my struggles and frustrations in my work and life in this country. I am also thankful to Melissa Ehrich, Kyle LeStrange, and Patrick Spanninger; they are wonderful labmates and friends. Finally, I would like to thank my parents for always believing in me, for their continuous love and their supports in my decisions. Without whom I could not have made it here. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. xi Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 1 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 3 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................... 5 2.1 U.S. Disease Outbreaks Associated with Blueberries and Strawberries ... 5 2.2 Microorganisms of Concern ...................................................................... 6 2.2.1 Salmonella ..................................................................................... 6 2.2.2 Escherichia coli ............................................................................. 7 2.3 Washing Treatment ................................................................................... 8 2.3.1 Chlorine ......................................................................................... 9 2.3.2 Organic acids ................................................................................. 9 2.3.3 Hydrogen peroxide ...................................................................... 11 2.3.4 Trisodium phosphate ................................................................... 11 2.3.5 Sodium dodecyl sulfate ............................................................... 12 2.4 Frozen Fruit Safety .................................................................................. 13 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 15 3 ENHANCED INACTIVATION OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM FROM BLUEBERRIES BY SOLUSIONS CONTAINING SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE AND ORGANIC ACIDS OR HYDROGEN PEROXIDE ...................................................................................................... 21 iv Abstract ............................................................................................................. 21 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 22 3.2 Materials and Methods ............................................................................ 24 3.2.1 Bacterial strains and inoculum preparation ................................. 24 3.2.2 Contamination of blueberry surfaces and washing procedures ... 24 3.2.3 Enumeration of Salmonella ......................................................... 25 3.2.4 Effect of washing treatments on the physical properties of blueberries ................................................................................... 26 3.2.5 Total phenolic and anthocyanins content .................................... 26 3.2.6 Impact of the two most effective treatments coupled with low temperature storage on Salmonella, yeasts and molds counts ..... 27 3.2.7 Statistical analysis ....................................................................... 28 3.3 Results and Discussion ............................................................................ 28 3.3.1 Effect of the combination of chlorine and SDS solutions on inactivation of Salmonella ........................................................... 28 3.3.2 Effect of combinations of organic acids and SDS solutions on inactivation of Salmonella ........................................................... 31 3.3.3 Effect of combinations of hydrogen peroxide and SDS solutions on inactivation of Salmonella ...................................... 33 3.3.4 Effect of combinations of trisodium phosphate and SDS solutions on inactivation of Salmonella ...................................... 35 3.3.5 Effect of washing treatments on the physical properties of blueberries ................................................................................... 36 3.3.6 Impact of treatments coupled with low temperature storage on Salmonella, yeasts and molds counts .......................................... 38 3.3.7 Comparison of Salmonella inactivation after washing for 1 and 5 min ............................................................................................ 41 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 43 4 SURVIVAL OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM AND E. COLI O157:H7 ON BLUEBERRIES DURING FROZEN STROAGE AFTER WASHING WITH COMBINATIONS OF SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE AND ORGANIC ACIDS OR HYDROGEN PEROXIDE ........................................ 46 Abstract ............................................................................................................. 46 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 47 4.2 Materials and Methods ............................................................................ 48 v 4.2.1 Bacterial strains and inoculum preparation ................................. 48 4.2.2 Inoculation of blueberry surfaces ................................................ 49 4.2.3 Washing procedures and frozen storage ...................................... 49 4.2.4 Microbial analysis ....................................................................... 50 4.2.5 Sensory evaluation after 12-weeks of frozen storage .................. 51 4.2.6 Physical properties and total bacteria, yeasts and molds counts of blueberries during frozen storage ............................................ 51 4.2.7 Total phenolic and anthocyanins content .................................... 52 4.2.8 Statistical analysis ....................................................................... 52 4.3 Results and Discussion ............................................................................ 52 4.3.1 Effect of the combination of peroxyacetic acid and SDS on inactivation of Salmonella ........................................................... 52 4.3.2 Combination of SDS and organic acids or hydrogen peroxide on inactivation of Salmonella and E. coli during frozen storage 54 4.3.3 Sensory analysis .......................................................................... 57 4.3.4 Physical properties and total bacteria and yeasts and molds counts of blueberries during frozen storage ................................ 58 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 63 5 COMPARISON OF PROMISING TREATMENTS EFFICACY ON SPOT OR DIP INOCULATED BLUEBERRIES AND STRAWBERRIES ............. 66 Abstract ............................................................................................................. 66 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 67 5.2 Materials and Methods ............................................................................ 69 5.2.1 Bacterial strains and inoculum preparation ................................. 69 5.2.2 Contamination of blueberries and strawberries ........................... 69 5.2.3 Washing procedures .................................................................... 70 5.2.4 Microbial analysis ....................................................................... 70 5.2.5 Statistical analysis ....................................................................... 71
Recommended publications
  • Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
    Catalog Number: 102918, 190522, 194831, 198957, 811030, 811032, 811033, 811034, 811036 Sodium dodecyl sulfate Structure: Molecular Formula: C12H25NaSO4 Molecular Weight: 288.38 CAS #: 151-21-3 Synonyms: SDS; Lauryl sulfate sodium salt; Dodecyl sulfate sodium salt; Dodecyl sodium sulfate; Sodium lauryl sulfate; Sulfuric acid monododecyl ester sodium salt Physical Appearance: White granular powder Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC): 8.27 mM (Detergents with high CMC values are generally easy to remove by dilution; detergents with low CMC values are advantageous for separations on the basis of molecular weight. As a general rule, detergents should be used at their CMC and at a detergent-to-protein weight ratio of approximately ten. 13,14 Aggregation Number: 62 Solubility: Soluble in water (200 mg/ml - clear, faint yellow solution), and ethanol (0.1g/10 ml) Description: An anionic detergent3 typically used to solubilize8 and denature proteins for electrophoresis.4,5 SDS has also been used in large-scale phenol extraction of RNA to promote the dissociation of protein from nucleic acids when extracting from biological material.12 Most proteins bind SDS in a ratio of 1.4 grams SDS to 1 gram protein. The charges intrinsic to the protein become insignificant compared to the overall negative charge provided by the bound SDS. The charge to mass ratio is essentially the same for each protein and will migrate in the gel based only on protein size. Typical Working Concentration: > 10 mg SDS/mg protein Typical Buffer Compositions: SDS Electrophoresis
    [Show full text]
  • Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Coated Alumina and C18 Cartridge for The
    J. Braz. Chem. Soc., Vol. 19, No. 8, 1523-1530, 2008. Printed in Brazil - ©2008 Sociedade Brasileira de Química 0103 - 5053 $6.00+0.00 Article Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Coated Alumina and C18 Cartridge for the Separation and Preconcentration of Cationic Surfactants Prior to their Quantitation by Spectrophotometric Method Mohammad Ali Karimi,*,a,b Reza Behjatmanesh-Ardakani,b Ali Aghaei Goudi b and Sara Zali b aDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Payame Noor University (PNU), Sirjan, Iran bDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Payame Noor University (PNU), Ardakan, Iran Um novo método de extração em fase sólida foi desenvolvido para separar e pré-concentrar traços de tensoativos catiônicos, tais como, brometo de dodeciltrimetilamônio (DTAB), brometo de cetiltrimetilamônio (CTAB) e cloreto de cetilpiridínio (CPC). Esse método é baseado na sorção do tensoativo aniônico (AS−), dodecilssulfato de sódio (SDS), sobre a superfície de γ-alumina, + enquanto um cartucho C18 é utilizado para a pré-concentração dos tensoativos catiônicos (CS ). O método espectrofotométrico, utilizado para a determinação dos tensoativos catiônicos, baseia-se na competição entre o corante catiônico, azul de metileno (MB+), e o CS+, para associação e formação do complexo SDS. O íon complexo formado (MB+) pode ser quantitativamente substituído pelo CS+, levando a um aumento da absorvância medida em 662 nm. Foram estabelecidas ótimas condições experimentais para a separação, pré-concentração e determinação dos tensoativos catiônicos. Sob essas condições otimizadas, realizou-se a pré-concentração (2×) e os resultados mostraram que a determinação do CPC, DTAB e CTAB poderia ser realizada nas faixas de concentração de 1×10-5-2×10-4, 4×10-5-5×10-4 and 5×10-5-5×10-4 mol L-1, respectivamente.
    [Show full text]
  • Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 1 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
    Sodium lauryl sulfate 1 Sodium lauryl sulfate Sodium dodecyl sulfate Identifiers [1] CAS number 151-21-3 [2] ATC code A06 AG11 Properties Molecular formula NaC H SO 12 25 4 Molar mass 288.38 g mol−1 Density 1.01 g/cm³ Melting point 206 °C [3] (what is this?) (verify) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox references Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium laurilsulfate or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS or NaDS) (C H SO Na) is 12 25 4 an anionic surfactant used in many cleaning and hygiene products. The molecule has a tail of 12 carbon atoms, attached to a sulfate group, giving the molecule the amphiphilic properties required of a detergent. SLS is a highly effective surfactant and is used in any task requiring the removal of oily stains and residues. For example, it is found in higher concentrations with industrial products including engine degreasers, floor cleaners, and car wash soaps. It is used in lower concentrations with toothpastes, shampoos, and shaving foams. It is an important component in bubble bath formulations for its thickening effect and its ability to create a lather. Research showed that SLS is not carcinogenic when either applied directly to skin or consumed.[4] It has however been shown to irritate the skin of the face with prolonged and constant exposure (more than an hour) in young adults.[5] A clinical study found SLS toothpaste caused a higher frequency of aphthous ulcers than both cocoamidopropyl betaine or a detergent-free paste, on 30 patients with frequent occurrences of such ulcers.[6] A clinical study comparing toothpastes with and without SLS found that it had no significant effect on ulcer patterns.[7] Sodium lauryl sulfate 2 Applications SLS is a highly effective surfactant and is used in any task requiring the removal of oily stains and residues.
    [Show full text]
  • Hazard Communication Chemical Inventory Form
    Hazard Communication Chemical Inventory Form ESTIM. CAS STATE QTY. USAGE ROOM SDS DATE OF CHEMICAL NAME COMMON NAME MANUFACTURER NUMBER S,L,G ON HAND PER YEAR CAMPUS NO. DEPARTMENT ? INV. 90wGear Oil NAPA L 5 gal 1 Gal AVC Auto shop Facilities Y 4/2/2018 Acetylene Gas Airgas USA G 33 cu ft 4 cu ft AVC Auto shop Facilities Y 4/2/2018 Antifreeze (Ethylene Glycol) NAPA L 1 gal 2 Gal AVC Auto shop Facilities Y 4/2/2018 Brakleen CRC Industries G 8 cans 12 Cans AVC Auto shop Facilities Y 4/2/2018 CBC Plus Bowl Cleaner ECOLAB L 60 72 AVC Auto shop Facilities Y 4/2/2018 DOT3 Brake Fluid NAPA Mixture L 1 QT 1 QT AVC Auto shop Facilities Y 4/2/2018 Hydraulic Oil NAPA L 10 gal 4 gal AVC Auto shop Facilities Y 4/2/2018 Motor Oil NAPA L 48 Qt 32 Qt AVC Auto shop Facilities Y 4/2/2018 Oxygen Gas Airgas USA G 33 cu ft 10 cu ft AVC Auto shop Facilities Y 4/2/2018 Toluidine Blue 2% Carolina 92-31-9 L 20mL 0mL AVC B112 Science SDS 1/22/2018 Isopropyl Alcohol 2-Propanol, Isopropanol JT Baker(Avantor) 67-63-0 L 75mL 5mL AVC B112 Science SDS 1/22/2018 Ammonium Molybdate ammonium molybdate(VI), tetrahydrate, molybdicFlinn acid 12027-67-7 S 15g 10g AVC B112 Science SDS 1/22/2018 Ammonium Chloride ammonium muriate, sal ammoniac Flinn 12125-02-9 S 40g 5g AVC B112 Science SDS 1/22/2018 Ethylene Glycol Anti-Freeze JT Baker(Avantor) 107-21-1 L 1.25L 10mL AVC B112 Science SDS 1/22/2018 Sodium Bicarbonate Baking Soda VWR (Wards) 144-55-8 S 1,020g 10g AVC B112 Science No 1/22/2018 Sodium Borate Borax VWR 1303-96-4 S 225g 10g AVC B112 Science SDS 1/22/2018 Calcium Metal
    [Show full text]
  • Sodium Laurilsulfate Used As an Excipient
    9 October 2017 EMA/CHMP/351898/2014 corr. 1* Committee for Human Medicinal Products (CHMP) Sodium laurilsulfate used as an excipient Report published in support of the ‘Questions and answers on sodium laurilsulfate used as an excipient in medicinal products for human use’ (EMA/CHMP/606830/2017) * Deletion of the E number. Please see the corrected Annex for further details. 30 Churchill Place ● Canary Wharf ● London E14 5EU ● United Kingdom Telephone +44 (0)20 3660 6000 Facsimile +44 (0)20 3660 5555 Send a question via our website www.ema.europa.eu/contact An agency of the European Union © European Medicines Agency, 2018. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Sodium laurilsulfate used as an excipient Table of contents Executive summary ..................................................................................... 3 Introduction ................................................................................................ 4 Scientific discussion .................................................................................... 4 1. Characteristics ....................................................................................... 4 1.1 Category (function) ............................................................................................. 4 1.2 Properties........................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Use in medicinal products ..................................................................................... 5 1.4 Regulatory
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11) Patent Number: 5,073,374 Mccarty 45 Date of Patent: Dec
    United States Patent (19) 11) Patent Number: 5,073,374 McCarty 45 Date of Patent: Dec. 17, 1991 54 FAST DISSOLVING BUCCAL TABLET 1380171 1/1975 United Kingdom . 21888.43 10/1987 United Kingdom . 75 Inventor: John A. McCarty, Biscayne Park, 04342 7/1987 World Int. Prop. O. .......... 424/435 Fla. OTHER PUBLICATIONS 73 Assignee: Schering Corporation, Kenilworth, N. Kornbloom and Stoopak, J. Pharm. Sci., 62:43-49 (1973). (21 Appl. No.: 278,099 Kahn and Rooke, Mfg. Chemist & Aerosol News, pp. 22 Filed: Nov. 30, 1988 25-26 (Jan. 1976). 51 int. Cl. ........................ A61K9/20: A61K 47/00 Kahn and Rooke, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 28:633-636 52 U.S. Cl. .................................... 424/435; 424/434; (1976). 424/464; 424/465; 514/777 Primary Examiner-Thurman K. Page 58 Field of Search ................ 424/434, 435, 465,499 Assistant Examiner-James M. Spear 56 References Cited Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Anita W. Magatti; James R. Nelson U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 4,059,686 1/1977 Tanaka et al. ........................ 424/19 57 ABSTRACT 4,226,848 10/1980 Naggi et al. .......................... 424/19 A fast dissolving buccal tablet for administering a medi 4,292.299 9/1981 Suzuki et al. ......................... 424/16 4,572,832 2/1986 Kigasawa et al. .................... 424/19 canent includes the active ingredient, a lubricant and a 4,755,386 7/1988 Hsiao et al. ......................... 424/435 water soluble sugar, such as sorbitol, combined such that the buccal tablet dissolves in about one minute. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 275853 10/1973 France . 10 Claims, No Drawings 5,073,374 1 2 the patient from swallowing the dosage form.
    [Show full text]
  • Microflex Gloves Chemical Compatibility Chart
    1 1 1 2 2 3 1 CAUTION (LATEX): This product contains natural rubber 2 CAUTION (NITRILE: MEDICAL GRADE): Components used 3 CAUTION (NITRILE: NON-MEDICAL GRADE)): These latex (latex) which may cause allergic reactions. Safe use in making these gloves may cause allergic reactions in gloves are for non-medical use only. They may NOT be of this glove by or on latex sensitized individuals has not some users. Follow your institution’s policies for use. worn for barrier protection in medical or healthcare been established. applications. Please select other gloves for these applications. Components used in making these gloves may cause allergic reactions in some users. Follow your institution’s policies for use. For single use only. NeoPro® Chemicals NeoPro®EC Ethanol ■NBT Ethanolamine (99%) ■NBT Ether ■2 Ethidium bromide (1%) ■NBT Ethyl acetate ■1 Formaldehyde (37%) ■NBT Formamide ■NBT Gluteraldehyde (50%) ■NBT Test Method Description: The test method uses analytical Guanidine hydrochloride ■NBT equipment to determine the concentration of and the time at which (50% ■0 the challenge chemical permeates through the glove film. The Hydrochloric acid ) liquid challenge chemical is collected in a liquid miscible chemical Isopropanol ■NBT (collection media). Data is collected in three separate cells; each cell Methanol ■NBT is compared to a blank cell which uses the same collection media as both the challenge and Methyl ethyl ketone ■0 collection chemical. Methyl methacrylate (33%) ■0 Cautionary Information: These glove recommendations are offered as a guide and for reference Nitric acid (50%) ■NBT purposes only. The barrier properties of each glove type may be affected by differences in material Periodic acid (50%) ■NBT thickness, chemical concentration, temperature, and length of exposure to chemicals.
    [Show full text]
  • Disposal of Solid Chemicals in the Normal Trash
    Disposal of Solid Chemicals in the Normal Trash Many solid chemicals can be safety discarded into the normal trash, provided they are in containers that are not broken or cracked and have tightly fitting caps. These chemicals are considered acceptable for ordinary disposal because they display none of the properties of hazardous waste, are of low acute toxicity, and have not been identified as having any chronic toxic effects as summarized in the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) “Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances”. Examples of chemicals acceptable for disposal as regular trash are listed below. To dispose of these chemicals, place the containers in a box lined with a plastic bag, tape the top of the box shut, write “Normal Trash” on the box and then place the box next to the lab trash container. Only solid forms of these chemicals can be disposed in this manner. Any questions about these chemicals or other chemicals that may be disposed of in the normal trash should be directed to the Hazardous Materials Technician (610) 330-5225. Chemicals Generally Acceptable for Disposal as Regular Trash Acacia powder, gum Detergent (most) Methyl salicylate Sodium carbonate arabic Cation exchange resins Methylene blue Sodium chloride Acid, Ascorbic Chromatographic Methyl stearate Sodium citrate Acid, Benzoic absorbents Nutrient agar Sodium dodecyl sulfate Acid, Boric Crystal violet Octacosane (SDS) Acid, Casamind Dextrin Parafin Sodium formate Acid, Citric Dextrose Pepsin Sodium iodide Acid, Lactic Diatomaceous
    [Show full text]
  • Contribution to the Production of Lactulose-Rich Whey by in Situ
    J. Dairy Sci. 99:1–19 http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-10037 © American Dairy Science Association®, 2016. Contribution to the production of lactulose-rich whey by in situ electro-isomerization of lactose and effect on whey proteins after electro-activation as confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight-mass spectrometry and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Ourdia Kareb,*† Claude P. Champagne,†‡ and Mohammed Aïder†§1 *Department of Food Science, Université Laval, Quebec, Qc, G1V 0A6, Canada †Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Qc, G1V 0A6, Canada ‡Food Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant, St. Hyacinthe, Qc, J2S 8E3, Canada §Department of Soil Sciences and Agri-Food Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec, Qc, G1V 0A6, Canada ABSTRACT findings of this study reveal that the whey treated by the safety electro-activation technology has both lact- Cheese-whey, a major co-product of the dairy indus- ulose-prebiotic and antioxidant properties and could try, has recently been the subject of many technologi- have a substantial application in the manufacture of cal applications. We studied the bioconversion of whey pharmaceutical and functional foods. into valuable bio-products such as a potential lactulose Key words: prebiotic whey, lactulose, electro- prebiotic and compounds with antioxidant properties. activation, isomerization, antioxidant capacity This paper examines efficiency, safety, and economics of electro-activation as an eco-friendly technology for a maximum valorization of whey. Thus, a bottom- INTRODUCTION up approach was therefore addressed. The effect of 4 Whey is the major co-product of the dairy industry experimental parameters—low working temperatures that is removed after the coagulation of casein during (0, 10, and 25°C), current intensities (400, 600, and cheese manufacturing (Zadow, 1994; Siso, 1996).
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of the Toxicity of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) in the Mucilair™ Human Airway Model in Vitro
    Evaluation of the Toxicity of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) in the MucilAir™ Human Airway Model In Vitro Clive S Roper, Joanne Vinall and Jonathan Welch Charles River Laboratories, Edinburgh, UK 1 INTRODUCTION 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS MucilAir™ is an in vitro airway model with morphology and functions mirroring the tracheo-bronchial epithelium. MucilAir™ units were obtained from 3 donors (1 unit per dose level from Donor 1 and 2 units per dose level from Donor 2 and Donor 3). SDS was MucilAir™ units comprise cells derived from human airway biopsies cultured at the air interface on permeable membranes obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, Dorset, UK. All other materials were obtained by Charles River and were analytical or tissue culture grade, as appropriate. by Epithelix Sàrl. This model is increasingly used in inhalation toxicity and pharmaceutical lead optimisation development and testing to identify potential airway toxicants and facilitate in vivo dose range finding. MucilAir™ was evaluated by treating units with SDS in saline solution (0-10 mM) for 24 h at a temperature of 37°C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. The units were maintained in culture until 168 h post-dose. The monolayer integrity was determined by measurement of trans-epithelial electrical resistance ® MucilAir™ was evaluated for use in predicting upper airway toxicity. Tissues were treated with increasing concentrations (TEER) using a Millicell ERS meter at 0 h (pre-dose) and again at 24 h and 168 h post-dose. At 0, 24 and 168 h, the membrane integrity was assessed of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Monolayer integrity (trans-epithelial electrical resistance; TEER), membrane integrity by measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release using the Promega CytoTox ONE™ Homogeneous Membrane Integrity Assay in culture (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release), metabolic competence (resazurin metabolism) and inflammatory mediator (IL-8) medium.
    [Show full text]
  • Solid Chemicals for the Normal Trash
    SOLID CHEMICALS FOR THE NORMAL TRASH Solid chemicals acceptable for disposal as regular trash are listed below: Acacia powder, gum arabic Calcium silicate Manganese sulfate Acid, Ascorbic Calcium sulfate Methyl red Acid, Benzoic Detergent (most) Methyl salicylate Acid, Boric Cation exchange resins Methylene blue Acid, Casamind Crystal violet Methyl stearate Acid, Citric Dextrin Nutrient agar Acid, Lactic Dextrose Octacosane Acid, Oleic Diatomaceous earth Parafin Acid, Phthalic Docosanoic acid Pepsin Acid, Salicycle Drierite (calcium sulfate, anhydrous) Peptone Acid, Silicic Ferric oxide Petroleum jelly Acid, Stearic Ferric phosphate Polyethylene, solid Acid, Succinic Ferric pyrophosphate Polystryene Acid, Tartaric Ferric sulfate Potassium acetate Acrylamide gels Ferrous ammonium sulfate Potassium bicarbonate Agar(s) Galactose Potassium bromide Albumen Geletin Potassium carbonate Alumina Gum arabic Potassium chloride Aluminum oxide Gum guaiac Potassium citrate Amino acids, naturally occurring Hexadecanol, 1- Potassium ferricyanide Ammonium bicarbonate Kaolin Potassium iodide Ammonium phosphate Lactose Potassium phosphate Ammonium sulfate Lanolin Potassium sodium tartrate Ammonium sulfamate Lauric acid Potassium sulfate Base, blood agar Lauryl sulfate Potassium sulfite Beef extract Lithium carbonate Potassium sulfocyanate Behenic acid Lithium chloride Pumice Bentonite Lithium sulfate Salts, naturally occurring Brain heart infusion Litmus Sand Bromphenol blue Magnesium carbonate Silica Broth, nutrient Magnesium chloride Silica gel, unused
    [Show full text]
  • Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate
    SAFETY DATA SHEET Creation Date 24-Nov-2010 Revision Date 18-Jan-2018 Revision Number 5 1. Identification Product Name SDS Micropellets (sodium dodecyl sulfate) Cat No. : BP8200-100; BP8200-5; BP8200-500; BP8200-10 CAS-No 151-21-3 Synonyms Sodium lauryl sulfate; SDS; Dodecyl Sodium Sulfate Recommended Use Laboratory chemicals. Uses advised against Not for food, drug, pesticide or biocidal product use Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Company Fisher Scientific One Reagent Lane Fair Lawn, NJ 07410 Tel: (201) 796-7100 Emergency Telephone Number CHEMTRECÒ, Inside the USA: 800-424-9300 CHEMTRECÒ, Outside the USA: 001-703-527-3887 2. Hazard(s) identification Classification This chemical is considered hazardous by the 2012 OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200) Acute oral toxicity Category 4 Skin Corrosion/irritation Category 2 Serious Eye Damage/Eye Irritation Category 1 Combustible dust Yes Label Elements Signal Word Danger Hazard Statements May form combustible dust concentrations in air Harmful if swallowed Causes skin irritation Causes serious eye damage ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 1 / 7 SDS Micropellets (sodium dodecyl sulfate) Revision Date 18-Jan-2018 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Precautionary Statements Prevention Wash face, hands and any exposed skin thoroughly after handling Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection Skin IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse Eyes IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do.
    [Show full text]