TITMICE Family PARIDE Vol

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

TITMICE Family PARIDE Vol. I., p. 261. ONLYtwo members of this family occur at all in the Malay Peninsula, of which one, Melanochlora sultanea ,fiavocristata, the Malay sultan-tit, a black- and-yellow crested bird, about 7 or 8 in. long, has already been described in Volume I. This bird is common in flocks in the more open jungle, and on the edges of clearings in hilly country, and ascends the mountains to about 4500 ft., above which it is never found. At low elevations in Negri Sembilan, Johore and Pahang, it is one of the commonest of the forest birds. The other Malayan member of the family is a true tit (connected with the English great tit) to which the name Parus cinereus ambiguus is now assigned, though it has hitherto been more generally known as Parzhs cinereus or Parus atriceps. Up to the present time this bird has been met with either among mangroves or Casuarinas, in a few localities on the east and west coasts of the Peninsula. The same bird is found in a similar habitat both in Java and in Sumatra, but in these islands, it is worthy of note, the species is also found at great elevations in the mountains, to a height of ~o,oooft., and even more. Possibly the same may be the case in the Malay Peninsula, and the attention of bird lovers is drawn to the matter. This tit can hardly be mistaken for any other bird. Its length is about 5 in. Head, throat, breast and middle of belly, black ; sides of the breast and flanks, grey, a large white patch on the sides of the head ; back and wing coverts, grey, and a white bar on the wing. The bird will be found in small parties on the lower boughs of trees and in shrubs, probably, should it occur at all, in broken and rugged ground near the tops of the hills and on the ridges. .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Habitat Modelling and the Ecology of the Marsh Tit (Poecile Palustris)
HABITAT MODELLING AND THE ECOLOGY OF THE MARSH TIT (POECILE PALUSTRIS) RICHARD K BROUGHTON A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Bournemouth University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2012 Bournemouth University in collaboration with the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and due acknowledgement must always be made of the use of any material contained in, or derived from, this thesis. 2 ABSTRACT Richard K Broughton Habitat modelling and the ecology of the Marsh Tit (Poecile palustris) Among British birds, a number of woodland specialists have undergone a serious population decline in recent decades, for reasons that are poorly understood. The Marsh Tit is one such species, experiencing a 71% decline in abundance between 1967 and 2009, and a 17% range contraction between 1968 and 1991. The factors driving this decline are uncertain, but hypotheses include a reduction in breeding success and annual survival, increased inter-specific competition, and deteriorating habitat quality. Despite recent work investigating some of these elements, knowledge of the Marsh Tit’s behaviour, landscape ecology and habitat selection remains incomplete, limiting the understanding of the species’ decline. This thesis provides additional key information on the ecology of the Marsh Tit with which to test and review leading hypotheses for the species’ decline. Using novel analytical methods, comprehensive high-resolution models of woodland habitat derived from airborne remote sensing were combined with extensive datasets of Marsh Tit territory and nest-site locations to describe habitat selection in unprecedented detail.
[Show full text]
Sparrow Swap: Testing Management Strategies for House Sparrows and Exploring the Use of Their Eggshells for Monitoring Heavy Metal Pollution
ABSTRACT HARTLEY, SUZANNE MARIE. Sparrow Swap: Testing Management Strategies for House Sparrows and Exploring the Use of their Eggshells for Monitoring Heavy Metal Pollution. (Under the direction of Dr. Caren Cooper). Human movement across the globe, particularly through colonialism throughout the last 500 years, has led to the introduction of species into novel environments where they threaten the biodiversity and ecosystem functioning of those novel environments. In the Anthropocene where other threats such as climate change, pollution, and habitat destruction already occur, invasive species are just one more threat facing ecosystems. But what if we can find a way to use an invasive species to help monitor those other threats while at the same time managing them? In the following thesis I explore the strategies by which volunteers manage House Sparrows to minimize their negative impact as an invasive species, but also the potential to use their eggs as indicators of heavy metals in the environment. House Sparrows compete with native birds for nesting spaces. They are also commensal with humans, utilizing buildings as nesting spaces and split grains and forgotten French fries as food sources. In order to 1) find effective management strategies for House Sparrows and 2) evaluate their use as indicators of environmental contaminants, a citizen science project Sparrow Swap was created. Sparrow Swaps takes advantage of the ubiquity of House Sparrows and the expertise of volunteer nestbox monitors to gather data about House Sparrow nesting behaviors and eggs across the United States. In Chapter 1, I address the first research goal of Sparrow Swap by comparing the outcomes of two different strategies by which volunteers manage House Sparrows.
[Show full text]
High Level of Self-Control Ability in a Small Passerine Bird
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology (2018) 72: 118 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-018-2529-z ORIGINAL ARTICLE High level of self-control ability in a small passerine bird Emil Isaksson1 & A. Utku Urhan1 & Anders Brodin1 Received: 27 October 2017 /Revised: 8 June 2018 /Accepted: 14 June 2018 /Published online: 26 June 2018 # The Author(s) 2018 Abstract Cognitively advanced animals are usually assumed to possess better self-control, or ability to decline immediate rewards in favour of delayed ones, than less cognitively advanced animals. It has been claimed that the best predictor of high such ability is absolute brain volume meaning that large-brained animals should perform better than small-brained ones. We tested self-control ability in the great tit, a small passerine. In the common test of this ability, the animal is presented with a transparent cylinder that contains a piece of food. If the animal tries to take the reward through the transparent wall of the cylinder, this is considered an impulsive act and it fails the test. If it moves to an opening and takes the reward this way, it passes the test. The average performance of our great tits was 80%, higher than most animals that have been tested and almost in level with the performance in corvids and apes. This is remarkable considering that the brain volume of a great tit is 3% of that of a raven and 0.1% of that of a chimpanzee. Significance statement The transparent cylinder test is the most common way to test the ability of self-control in animals.
[Show full text]
Niche Analysis and Conservation of Bird Species Using Urban Core Areas
sustainability Article Niche Analysis and Conservation of Bird Species Using Urban Core Areas Vasilios Liordos 1,* , Jukka Jokimäki 2 , Marja-Liisa Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki 2, Evangelos Valsamidis 1 and Vasileios J. Kontsiotis 1 1 Department of Forest and Natural Environment Sciences, International Hellenic University, 66100 Drama, Greece; [email protected] (E.V.); [email protected] (V.J.K.) 2 Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, 96101 Rovaniemi, Finland; jukka.jokimaki@ulapland.fi (J.J.); marja-liisa.kaisanlahti@ulapland.fi (M.-L.K.-J.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Knowing the ecological requirements of bird species is essential for their successful con- servation. We studied the niche characteristics of birds in managed small-sized green spaces in the urban core areas of southern (Kavala, Greece) and northern Europe (Rovaniemi, Finland), during the breeding season, based on a set of 16 environmental variables and using Outlying Mean Index, a multivariate ordination technique. Overall, 26 bird species in Kavala and 15 in Rovaniemi were recorded in more than 5% of the green spaces and were used in detailed analyses. In both areas, bird species occupied different niches of varying marginality and breadth, indicating varying responses to urban environmental conditions. Birds showed high specialization in niche position, with 12 species in Kavala (46.2%) and six species in Rovaniemi (40.0%) having marginal niches. Niche breadth was narrower in Rovaniemi than in Kavala. Species in both communities were more strongly associated either with large green spaces located further away from the city center and having a high vegetation cover (urban adapters; e.g., Common Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs), European Greenfinch (Chloris Citation: Liordos, V.; Jokimäki, J.; chloris Cyanistes caeruleus Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki, M.-L.; ), Eurasian Blue Tit ( )) or with green spaces located closer to the city center Valsamidis, E.; Kontsiotis, V.J.
[Show full text]
Vol. 1 No. 5 September-October 2005
Indian Birds Vol. 1 No. 5 September-October 2005 READY-RECKONER Internet Resources India Birds: http://www.indiabirds.com/ Bird conservation organisations Birds of Kerala: http://birdskerala.com/ BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY: Honorary Secretary, Hornbill BirdLife International: http://www.birdlife.net/ House, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Marg, Mumbai 400023, Maharashtra. Indian Jungles: http://www.indianjungles.com/ Website: www.bnhs.org. Email: [email protected]. Publish: Birds of Kolkata: http://www.kolkatabirds.com/ Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society; Hornbill. Contact Sanctuary Asia: http://www.sanctuaryasia.com/ above for: INDIAN BIRD CONSERVATION NETWORK: Publish: Red Data Book: http://www.rdb.or.id/index.html/ Mistnet. ENVIS CENTRE: Publish: Buceros. The Northern India Bird Network: http://www.delhibird.com/ SALIM ALI CENTRE FOR ORNITHOLOGY AND NATURAL Zoological Nomenclature Resource: http://www.zoonomen.net/ HISTORY: Director, Anaikatty P.O., Coimbatore 641108, India. N.C.L. Centre for Biodiversity Informatics: http://www.ncbi.org.in/biota/ Website: www.saconindia.org. Email: [email protected] fauna/ BIRDWATCHERS’ SOCIETY OF ANDHRA PRADESH: Honorary John Penhallurick’s Bird Data Project: http://worldbirdinfo.net/ Secretary, P.O. Box 45, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India. Website: Saving Asia’s threatened birds: www.bsaponline.org. Email: [email protected]. Publish: Mayura; Pitta. http://www.birdlife.net/action/science/species/asia_strategy/pdfs.html/ MADRAS NATURALISTS’ SOCIETY: Honorary Secretary, No. 8, Janaki Optics: http://www.betterviewdesired.com/ Avenue, Abhirampuram, Chennai 600018, India. Website: Library www.blackbuck.org. Email: [email protected]. Publish: Blackbuck. Ali, Salim, 2002. The book of Indian birds. 13th revised edition. Mumbai: INSTITUTE OF BIRD STUDIES & NATURAL HISTORY: Director, Bombay Natural History Society.
[Show full text]
Systematic Notes on Asian Birds. 49 a Preliminary Review of the Aegithalidae, Remizidae and Paridae1
Systematic notes on Asian birds. 49 A preliminary review of the Aegithalidae, Remizidae and Paridae1 S. Eck † & J. Martens Eck, S. & J. Martens. Systematic notes on Asian birds. 49. A preliminary review of the Aegithalidae, Remi- zidae and Paridae. Zool. Med. Leiden 80-5 (1), 21.xii.2006: 1-63, fi gs. 1-6, Plates I-III.— ISSN 0024-0672. Siegfried Eck †, formerly Staatliche Sammlungen für Naturkunde Dresden, Museum für Tierkunde, Königsbrücker Landstrasse 159, D-01109 Dresden, Germany. Jochen Martens, Institut für Zoologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, D-55099 Mainz, Germany (e-mail: [email protected]). Key words: Paridae; Aegithalidae; Remizidae; species limits; systematics; taxonomy; eastern Palaearctic region; Indo-Malayan region; morphology; bioacoustics; molecular genetics; secondary contacts; hy- bridisation; introgression. Proposed recent taxonomic changes in Paridae, Aegithalidae, and Remizidae are reviewed within the geographic scope of this series and their reliability is discussed in terms of the Biological Species Concept with respect to secondary contacts, hybridization, introgression, bioacoustics, and molecular genetics. Certain previously unpublished data are added to support the taxonomic decisions. Introduction This review benefi ts from the excellent treatment of these three passerine families in the monograph by Harrap (1996) 2, preceded by detailed work by Vaurie (1957a, b) on the Palearctic species set upon which Snow (1967) based his treatment for Peters’s Checklist of the Birds of the World. Only after the publication of Harrap (op. cit.) has molecular ge- netics begun to furnish information on parid systematics and taxonomy. This has not only given insights into population structure and population genetics of various taxa, but also helped understanding of species evolution and species limits.
[Show full text]
Paridae Species Tree
Paridae: Tits & Chickadees Fire-capped Tit, Cephalopyrus ﬂammiceps Cephalopyrus Yellow-browed Tit, Sylviparus modestus Sylviparus Sultan Tit, Melanochlora sultanea Melanochlora Coal Tit, Periparus ater Rufous-naped Tit, Periparus rufonuchalis Periparus Rufous-vented Tit, Periparus rubidiventris Yellow-bellied Tit, Pardaliparus venustulus Elegant Tit, Pardaliparus elegans Pardaliparus Palawan Tit, Pardaliparus amabilis Bridled Titmouse, Baeolophus wollweberi Oak Titmouse, Baeolophus inornatus Baeolophus Juniper Titmouse, Baeolophus ridgwayi Tufted Titmouse, Baeolophus bicolor Black-crested Titmouse, Baeolophus atricristatus Gray Crested-Tit, Lophophanes dichrous Lophophanes Crested Tit / European Crested-Tit, Lophophanes cristatus White-fronted Tit, Sittiparus semilarvatus Chestnut-bellied Tit, Sittiparus castaneoventris Sittiparus Varied Tit, Sittiparus varius Iriomote Tit, Sittiparus olivaceus White-browed Tit, Poecile superciliosus Sombre Tit, Poecile lugubris Pere David’s Tit, Poecile davidi Marsh Tit, Poecile palustris Caspian Tit, Poecile hyrcanus Poecile Black-bibbed Tit, Poecile hypermelaenus Willow Tit, Poecile montanus Sichuan Tit, Poecile weigoldicus Gray-headed Chickadee, Poecile cinctus Boreal Chickadee, Poecile hudsonicus Chestnut-backed Chickadee, Poecile rufescens Black-capped Chickadee, Poecile atricapillus Carolina Chickadee, Poecile carolinensis Mountain Chickadee, Poecile gambeli Mexican Chickadee, Poecile sclateri Eurasian Blue Tit, Cyanistes caeruleus Azure Tit, Cyanistes cyanus Palma Blue Tit, Cyanistes palmensis
[Show full text]
Novel Major Locus Regulates Beak Evolution of Ground Tit 8 July 2020, by Zhang Nannan
Novel major locus regulates beak evolution of ground tit 8 July 2020, by Zhang Nannan The avian beak is a typical polygenic trait, which is the consequence of the variety of functions that beaks serve (e.g., foraging, preening, nest-building, cavity excavation) and the diversity of habitats birds occupy. As a result, genetic basis of beak morphology was well studied in chickens and Darwin's finches, yet remains poorly understood in wild birds. Due to the characteristics of being more likely to be fixed by strong selective coefficients and less susceptible to loss by genetic drift, major loci may be more relevant to phenotypes and easier to be detected from the genome. Prof. Lei Fumin's team from the Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences conducted phylogenomes of 14 tits species (Paridae). They found that a major locus (COL27A1) effects the beak elongation of the Ground Tit as response to ground-foraging and cavity-nesting habits on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This study entitled "Comparative genomics reveals evolution of a beak morphology locus in a high- altitude songbird" has been published online in Molecular Biology and Evolution on June 27th, 2020. Fig. Comparison of beak morphology across 14 parid species. Credit: IOZ The study combined two methods to perform genome-wide analyses across the 14 parid species, and identified 25 highly divergent genomic regions that are significantly associated with beak Classical quantitative genetics has found that most length, finding seven candidate genes involved in phenotypes are polygenic traits. Under this bone morphogenesis and remolding. polygenic model, natural selection often acts on many loci simultaneously, resulting in the Neutrality tests indicated that a model allowing for a combination of a few loci with major effects and selective sweep in the highly conserved COL27A1 many loci with small effects controlling adaptive gene best explains variation in beak length.
[Show full text]
Birds and Tigers of Northern India
Dusky Eagle Owl on a nest at Keoladeo Ghana N.P. (all photos by Dave Farrow unless otherwise indicated) BIRDS AND TIGERS OF NORTHERN INDIA 21 NOVEMBER – 8 DECEMBER 2016 LEADER: DAVE FARROW This year’s ‘Birds and Tigers of Northern India’ tour was once again a very successful visual feast of avian delights. This tour is full of regional specialities and Indian subcontinent endemics, and among the many highlights were a total of 53 individual Owls seen of 9 species, including Dusky Eagle Owl on a nest, four Tawny Fish Owls and four Brown Fish Owls. We had great fortune with gamebirds, with three Cheer Pheasants plus stunning views of a pair of Koklass Pheasant, plus many Kalij Pheasants, Painted Spurfowl 1 BirdQuest Tour Report: Birds and Tigers of Northern India www.birdquest-tours.com and Jungle Bush-Quail. We also saw Ibisbill, Red-naped Ibis, Black-necked Stork, Sarus Cranes, Indian, Himalayan and Red-headed Vulture, Pallas's and Lesser Fish Eagles, Brown Crake, Indian and Great Stone- curlew, Yellow-wattled and White-tailed Lapwing, Black-bellied and River Tern, Painted and Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, and 15 species of Woodpecker including Great Slaty, Himalayan Pied, White-naped and Himalayan Flameback. We found plenty of Slaty-headed and Plum-headed Parakeet, Black-headed Jay, a Rufous-tailed Lark, Indian Bush Lark, the holy trinity of Nepal, Pygmy and Scaly-bellied Wren-Babblers, plus Brook’s Leaf Warbler, Black-faced and Booted Warbler, Black-chinned Babbler, six species of Laughingthrush including Rufous-chinned, Chestnut-bellied and White-tailed Nuthatch, Wallcreeper, Chestnut and Black-throated Thrushes, White-tailed Rubythroat, Golden Bush Robin, dapper Spotted Forktails, Blue-capped Redstart, Variable Wheatear, Fire-tailed Sunbird, Black-breasted Weaver, Altai Accentor, Brown Bullfinch, Blyth’s Rosefinch (a write-in), Crested, White-capped and Red-headed Bunting.
[Show full text]
Southern Birding Services
Peninsular Malaysia tour report 11 –17 April 2014 Bellbird Tours Pty Ltd PO Box 2008 BERRI SA 5343 AUSTRALIA Ph. 1800-BIRDING Ph. +61409 763172 www.bellbirdtours.com [email protected] ABN 40 159 352 002 Peninsular Malaysia tour report 2014 Dates of tour: 11-17 April 2014 Leaders: Peter Waanders and local guides next Peninsula Malaysia tour: 17 May 2015 go to our tour program page download 2015 tour brochure Photo gallery of this tour Red-bearded Bee-eater, © LiewWk Tour overview Our Peninsular Malaysia tour has been designed for those birders who have always wanted to bird South-east Asia, but have had some reservations – until now, that is! Jointly guided by Bellbird Tours’ Peter Waanders and one of Malaysia’s top bird guides Terence Ang, participants were treated to a smoothly run tour full of amazing birds. Malaysia has become quite sophisticated and modern in the past decade, and as a result travelling and birding here are a breeze. We stayed at comfortable, quality lodgings with a range of food to suit all taste-buds while the roads were excellent and the locals friendly and helpful. Visiting Krau Forest, Fraser’s Hill, Taman Negara, the Kuala Selangor mangroves and Paya Indau wetlands, we saw an amazing variety of birds, with many highlights including Rhinoceros Hornbill, Banded Pitta, Black-bellied Malkoha, Blue-rumped Parrot, Reddish Scops Owl, Rufous-backed Kingfisher, Banded Woodpecker, Crested Jay, Great Argus, Large Wren-Babbler, Long-billed Spiderhunter, Crimson-breasted Flowerpecker, Malayan Peacock-Pheasant, four species of Leafbirds, and the Peninsular Malaysia tour report 11 –17 April 2014 highly sought-after Malaysian Rail-Babbler, to name but a few.
[Show full text]
394 Great Tit
Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze Laboratorio Virtual Ibercaja 394 Great Tit AGEING 3 types of age can be recognized: Juvenile with very dull yellow and black co- lours; yellowish cheek patch without complete black border along lower edge. 1st year autumn/2nd year spring with moult limit between moulted greater coverts, with bluish edges, and grey juvenile primary co- verts; some birds with moult limit between tertials or between tertials and secondaries. Adult with all wing feathers with bluish ed- ges. Great Tit. Adult. Male (06-I). Great Tit. GREAT TIT (Parus major ) Extent of postjuve- IDENTIFICATION n i l e 12-14 cm. Black head and throat, with a white moult. patch on cheek and nape; yellow underparts, with a black band; greenish upperparts and wings with one pale bar. SIMILAR SPECIES PHENOLOGY Recalls a Coal Tit which is smaller, lacks a black band on breast, has greyish upperparts I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII and two white bars on wing. STATUS IN ARAGON Resident. Widely distributed throughout the Region, absent only from the highest areas of the Pyrenees and the most deforested zones of the Ebro Basin. Coal Tit SEXING Male with deep black on head and throat; broad black band on breast and belly. Female with dull black on head and throat; narrow black band on breast and belly. Juveniles can- not be sexed using plumage characters. MOULT Complete postbreeding moult, usually finis- hed in October. Partial postjuvenile moult in- cluding body feathers, lesser and median co- Great Tit. Adult.
[Show full text]
Stervander Et Al. 2015 Mol Ecol
Molecular Ecology (2015) 24, 2477–2494 doi: 10.1111/mec.13145 Disentangling the complex evolutionary history of the Western Palearctic blue tits (Cyanistes spp.) – phylogenomic analyses suggest radiation by multiple colonization events and subsequent isolation MARTIN STERVANDER,* JUAN CARLOS ILLERA,† LAURA KVIST,‡ PEDRO BARBOSA,* NAOMI P. KEEHNEN,*1 PETER PRUISSCHER,*1 STAFFAN BENSCH* and BENGT HANSSON* *Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden, †Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO-CSIC-PA), Oviedo University, Campus of Mieres, Research Building, 5th Floor. Calle Gonzalo Gutierrez Quiros, s/n, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain, ‡Department of Biology, University of Oulu, POB 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland Abstract Isolated islands and their often unique biota continue to play key roles for under- standing the importance of drift, genetic variation and adaptation in the process of population differentiation and speciation. One island system that has inspired and intrigued evolutionary biologists is the blue tit complex (Cyanistes spp.) in Europe and Africa, in particular the complex evolutionary history of the multiple genetically distinct taxa of the Canary Islands. Understanding Afrocanarian colonization events is of particular importance because of recent unconventional suggestions that these island populations acted as source of the widespread population in mainland Africa. We investigated the relationship between mainland and island blue tits using a combi- nation of Sanger
[Show full text]