Quad. Bot. Ambientale Appl., 30 (2019): 33-39. Pubblicato online: 24/04/2020 http://www.centroplantapalermo.org/

Taxonomic studies on the (Cactaceae): Islaya camanaensis, a new endemic species from Arequipa region (Peru)

†F. CáCeres de Baldárrago1, F.M. raiMondo2, i. PoMa2 & P. Mazzola2 1Herbarium arequipense HUsa. laboratorio de Botánica. dpto. de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad nacional de san agustín. arequipa, Peru. 2PLANTA/Centro mediterraneo di ricerca, documentazione e Formazione, Via serraglio Vecchio 28 i - 90123 Palermo. [email protected]

aBstraCt.–in the context of a research project on cactaceae family of the southern region of Peru, a population of the genus Islaya was particularly critical. the taxonomic study carried allowed to describe a new species called Islaya camanaensis whith reference to the province of Camaná where it occurs between 900 and 1050 m a.s.l.. such species shows clear taxonomic differences from the other Islaya species occurring in Peru, as far as root and stem; ribs, areolas, lilac flowers, fruits and seeds are concerned. the species, which is soli- tary in its habitat, blooms in september and bears fruits in november december. an average of 7 individuals in 100 m2 were evaluated in a transect of 50 km. its main threat are the roads and concession in areas that have been delivered to expand agriculture and housing.

Key words: succulent , endemic flora, Perù, Camaná province.

introdUCtion in turn transferred to several other genera such as Echinocactus, Malacocarpus, Neoporteria and then to the present work is part of a study on the Cactaceae of . Besides, all the former species of Islaya were inclu- southern Peru, which has been running for several years. as a ded by KatterMan (1994) in a single specific taxon, Eriosyce background, several studies have already been carried out on islayensis (Forster) Katterman together with 10 other Chilean the cactaceae of the arequipa region, especially in the andean genera. the same treatment was made by anderson (2001). highlands, but very few investigations have been made on the cactaceas that live in the hills, valleys and ravines of the coast nevertheless, on the basis of a comprehensive anatomical and of arequipa. in the last five years studies began in the coast of systematic study of the genus Eriosyce (including the Peruvian arequipa, especially in arid hills, with rather scarce results species), nyFFeler & eggli (1997) stated that the populations because the cacti of these areas were always in a vegetative occurring along the coasts of Peru do not belong to Eriosyce, state. all winters and springs these lomas were visited, but the but to another genus. taking into account this work, ostolaza results were always the same. However from June 2013 to (2014) referred such populations to Islaya Backeb. and propo- december 2014 in the coast of the province of islay and sed a larger revision of this genus, especially for the Peruvian Camaná intense rains began on the hills and also in the ravines populations. these studies are still in progress from both the between 800 and 1200 m a.s.l. in the completely arid pampas. bio-systematic and conservation points of view. therefore, while rains persisted, up to 2014, important excur- according to BaCKeBerg (1958-1962) and ritter (1964) sions and large collections were made between 200 and the genus Islaya includes globular to shortly cylindrical plants 1050 m a.s.l.. other explorations were later extended above with very woolly apex, yellow, apical small flowers, shortly 1050 m a.s.l., especially in the pampas of the toro gully, and conical floral tube with wool and bristles; fruit red, elongated some areas that have been given in concession for irrigation. with hairs and floral remains, hollow at the base, with the black during the spring time the cacti were found in flower. this seeds in a carpelar dehiscent sac at its base. allowed to carry out a bio-systematic study of the cactáceas only two Islaya species and one subspecies were so far and beside to verifie their state of conservation. in the province of Camaná above 500 m a.s.l. Cleistocactus known from Peru: Islaya islayensis (Forster) Backeb. subsp sextonianus, Haageocereus decumbens, occur. this paper islayensis, Islaya islayensis subsp grandis (rauh & Backeb.) deals with the results of some studies carried out on Islaya that g. Charles and Islaya omasensis ostolaza et Mischler that has in such area occurs under 500 m a.s.l.. been described very recently (ostolaza 2014). in addition, a this genus was described in 1934 by BaCKeBerg, which new endemic species is here described and called Islaya cama- referred its name to the province of islay in the arequipa naensis Cáceres, with reference to the name of the Province of region. the species formerly included there were afterwards Camaná where it occurs in the department of arequipa. the areola and 4-5 central spines 5-7 mm long, extended towards the sides. Flowers sessile with diploclamide peri- Islaya camanaensis Cáceres sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2 & 3) gon, with numerous dark lilac to purple tepals 3.8-4×2.5- 2.8 cm in the floral tube and 3.5 cm in the anthesis. tepals Diagnosis intense pale to dark lilac, not reddisch. dense woolly hypanthium, covering up to the half of tepals, 1.2×0.8 in small plant 5-10 cm high. it bears 18 straight or spiraled the middle and 0.5-1×1.5 cm in the apical part. Bracts uniform ribs; oval areolas margined by two rows of short slightly subulate, 1.5-3 mm with areolas of 2 mm and abun- spines; spines 8-10, 1-2 mm long; central spines 4, 2-3 mm dant whitish wool, that remains on the fruit until after ripe; long, greyish green. Parenchyma and inner medulla reddish, bristles reddish, abundant at the base of tepals. Calyx-like about 2 cm. Flowers with calyx-like tepals dark lilac; corol- tepals subulate, dark lilac 3-5 1.5-2.5 mm in 2-3 series, la-like tepals lilac purple to light lilac. staminal filament hardly distinguishable by dense wool. Corolla-like tepals thin; anthers intense yellow. ovary rounded to short ovoid; numerous, obovate with acute apex, slightly mucronate short cylindrical style 10-12×2.5 mm. stigmas 10-12, wide, with a dark central stain along the tepalo, 2.8-3.2×0.6 cm, oblanceolate, whitish, 4-5×1.2. small fruits 0.5-1 cm, cove- light to dark lilac, not reddish. stamens numerous; fila- red by abundant whitish wool with persistent and abundant ments cylindrical shorter than the stigma, withish; anthers red bristles, and floral coverings. seeds 6-10 kidney-shaped; distichous intense yellow, 1 × 1-2 mm. ovary rounded to outer coat blackish and shiny. the new species differs from ovoid, ovules ovoid clear cylindrical; style 10-12×2.5 mm; both Islaya islayensis (Forster) Backeb. and Islaya divari- stigma 10-12 numerous 4-5×1.2 mm, whitish. Fruit: catiflora ritter. slightly rounded ovoid 0.8-1 cm, dark lilac; areolas 1 mm, woolly, dehiscent by the base; cover by numerous whitish hairs and dense red bristles remaining until after the fruit is Type ripe. seeds 6-10, reniform 2×1.5 mm; testa shiny black, hilum whitish. Perú. departamento de arequipa. Pampas de samuel Pastor. Provincia de Camaná. 900 m a.s.l. 14 de octubre del 2013. Cáceres & Baldárrago, nro 7323 (Holo, HUsa). Habitat

the species occurs only in the loose and marlestone soils of Description the pampas in sandy, crusty, desertic soils from 900 to 1050 m a.s.l. (Fig. 8). the stems grow buried in the soil when are in a small 5-10 cm high, half or almost all buried, vegetative state or, in some cases, stand out to the middle. it can rounded to ovoid, compressed apically (Fig. 1), green-gra- only be observed when very showy flowers are produced. yish. roots dichotomously branched, 15 cm long (Fig. 3a). stem: succulent, ovoid 5-10×(4)-7 cm. areolas 3-4 mm, oval with two marginal rows of short spines; 8-10 short spi- Associated vegetation nes 1-2 mm long; 4 central spines 2-3 mm long. Very dense woolly reddish bristles on the apical part of the stem; gra- on the slopes and pampas, that are completely desertic, only yish green colour. Parenchyma reddish; medulla 2 cm in Haageocereus decumbens in very few specimens occurs; in diameter, reddish. ribs 16-18 straight or spirally twisted; some other places towards the pampas Tyllandsia purpurea is ribs 0.5 cm distant and hight, parenchyma reddish, cortical found. medulla 2 cm, reddish. spines 10-12 in two series, the mar- ginal 6-7 almost homogeneous 5 mm long at the border of

Fig. 1 - Islaya camanaensis: stem showing ribs and areolas. Fig. 2 - Purple red flowers of Islaya camanaensis in hillside habitat.

34 Fig. 3 - Islaya camanaensis: a, habit; B, areole and spines; C, flower; d, vertical section of flower; e, style and stygmata; F, corolla-like tepal; g, calyx-like tepal; H, hypanthium bract; i, fruit; J, seed.

35 Fig. 4 - Islaya camanaensis in the field. the upper part only is Fig. 5 - details of Islaya camanaensis: a) dichotomously branched visible, most of the body being buried. roots, up to 15 cm long; b) fruit with the apical part with wool and reddish bristles.

Distribution

recorded only from la Pampa, upper part of the gorge, between 800 and 1050 m a.s.l., Islaya camanaensis is endemic to an area of about 50 km2 in the province of Camaná, department of arequipa (Fig. 10).

Phenology

the species grows throughout the year, camouflaged in the midst of the extensive pampas and hills within the Camaneño desert, half buried so that only the apical part appears. it is visible only by its lilac or purple flowers, which are very showy (Figs. 2 & 6). the flowering period extends from september to october, the fruiting from november to december.

Etymology Fig. 6 - Mature plant of Islaya camanaensis in full bloom in its the epithet “camanaensis” refers to the name of the pro- natural habitat. vince of Camaná, the hilly area in the department of arequipa where the new species occurs above.

Taxonomic remarks

Islaya camanaensis Cáceres differs from I. islayensis ritter and I. divaricatiflora (Forster) Backeb. being obovoid, slightly compressed at the apex, and having old stems branched, very marked ribs, prominentareolas, oval with two sets of almost uniform short spines, outwardly out- stretched, intense purple or light purple flowers when the anthesis is completely open (Fig. 6), filaments of stamens shorter than the style, very yellow anthers and stigma pro- truding above the whitish stamens, small ovoid to obovoides fruits, covered with wool and with reddish bris- tles (Fig. 5b) developed long with remains of perigonium, reniform seeds, smooth blackish and bright 2 mm. it could also be confused with Eryosice caligophila r. Pinto from Chile, because it has purple red flowers, but this- latter is easily distinguished because it has conical roots (Fig. 5a), 13ribs, tubers and mamillas placed under the areolas Fig. 7 - Habit of the new species in the pampa alta of Camaná. 36 table 1 - Comparition of Islaya camanaensis and the related species occurring in the area.

Characters Islaya divar icatiflora ritter Islaya islayensis (Forster) Backeb. Islaya camanaensis Cáceres

ovate to he mispheric , 4 to 7 c m globose to e longate d, c ylindrica l, e rect or ovoid to obova te bra nched , 7-12×6-15 c m, stem thick , a pica lly fla ttene d, ha lf recumbent, 25-30 (40)×20 cm in dia mete r. hal f buried. apex lightly compres sed. buried. Colour gra y-gree n. Whole stem off ground. Colour light le ad Colour dark le ad. Undeve lope d, up to 15 c m long, root superf icia l, up to 60 c m long. dicho tomous, bra nche d, 15-25 c m long branc he d a nd fibrous elongate or ova l, 3-6×3-5 mm, rounded , 10-15×5-10 mm, ha rd a nd thic k, gray oval 8-10×2-4 mm, with two rows of short areole s tomentos e, gra y to bla ckish. spines . grayis h green in c olour

ribs 16-25, uniform, e lliptic, 6-8 16-18 with protuberanc e s, uniformly positio- 16-25. in some spec imens 1-1.7 c m be tween the ribs mm he ight, c rena te ofte n wrin- ned. Height be tween ribs 5 mm, pa renc hym a ribs and 1.3 c m promine nce. Highly va riable kled between furrows and ma rrow of the bark 2 c m re ddish. 12-16 brown, ra dial spines , well- 8-10 a lmost homogeneous spines of 1-2 mm nee dle-s hap ed, a round the areola , 15-25 inhom ogene ous spines, ve ry ha rd and in a vera ge in the ma rgin of the areola and 4 spines 3-7 mm long, te nuous. Central wooly, 12×8 mm wide, distant within a reoles 1-8 central spines of 2-3 mm a ll e xtende d spines 4-8, stronger , 4-10 mm mm. Bristles 10 mm , long bla des . towards the sides long, in a ll dire ctions. yellow pa le to gre enish a t the Flower c olor light ye llow to ye llow with re ddish border dark lila c to light purple . bas e and re ddish a t the top Hirsute flora l tube whitish dense la nuginous floral tube , cover ing up to Hypanthium woolly.à no bristles , nor ne ctarife - lanugin ous flora l tube half of the te pals, 1.2×0.8 c m wide, 0.5- rous chambe r. 1×1.5 c m in the apica l part. tépa ls 10-13×5-7 mm, funnel- shape d, with small, re d-brown subulate , da rk lila c 3-5×1.5-2.5 mm in series small scales , with white wool a nd Calyx te pals wooly, thin ye llow to greenish. of two to thre e, ha rdly distinguishable by man y gre enish-yell ow te pals or dens e wool. soft ye llow to red, bristles 7-12 mm, proje cting ve rtica lly. yellow or gre en a t the ba se and numerou s obovate acute at the apex, slightly redd ish upwards. 10-14×2-4 mm, yellow apica l tufts 2-4 c m, flora l tube with tufts mucrona te with a da rk c entral stain a long the Corolla te pal s red uce d, rounded or slightly a cu- of de nse wool a nd tra nsluce nt ye llow bristles . tepa l. 2.8- 3.2×0.6 cm. light to da rk lila c. minate , yellowish gre en, light ye l- not reddis h. low to re ddish a t the top. stamens nume rous with thin fila - stam ens nume rous with c ylindrica l, c lea r ment a nd whitish a nthers 1 mm, stame ns numerous . with thin filame nts and whi- filam ents shorter tha n the stigma intens e ye l- androec ium almost a t the le vel of stigma. the tish a nthers low anthers 1-1.2 mm ova ry ovoid with fe w stame n s are inserted a t the ba se of ovules . tepa ls ovary e longated style short, pa le ovary rounded or ovoid, ovule s ovoid. style yellow , inserted a t the ba se of ovar y elongate d. style short with nume rous gynoec ium light c ylindrica l, 10 -12×2.5 mm. stigma s tepa ls stigma s ca. 7-8, lobed, 3 stigmas . 10-12 whitish, 4-5×1.2 mm. mm long, pale ye llow. gree nish to da rk re d on top, 1- 2×0.6-1 cm thic k, ba rrel shape d Fruit ovoid to obovoide, 0.8-1 c m da rk lila c glutinous on the inside with hol- with a reole s of 1 mm, wooly. With nume- Fruit different in size , c lava te , light pink 3-5 c m long. low ba se. Pres ence of white wool rous whitish ha irs and ve ry de nse pe renn ial on the top mostly shiny or soft red bristles bristles . 1.2×0.7-0.5 mm, fore hea d bla ck ovoid, bla ckish, opa que, c ompres sed, re niform Blac kish, re niform 2×1.5.mm, shiny bla ck seeds and gla brous. Hilum white. or obova te, re ticu late 3.5×2.5 mm. 23-25 pe r forehe a d, dark brown thre ad. 6 to 10 seeds oblong. fruit. per fruit lomas de Chala , atico, Carave li, ocoña, loca tion lomas de Camana High pa rt of the Pa mpas gorge Camana, Mollendo, arequipa , Moquegu a, tac na. altitude 500-600 m a .s.l. 50-250 m a.s.l. 900-1050 m a .s.l. Habitat Hills and de ep ra vines desert sandy slopes below the hills Pampa s and high slopes above the hills. distribution Camaná Costa de Mollen do, Camaná , Carave lí. Camaná

37 Fig. 8 - Habitat of Islaya camanaensis in the pampa alta of Camaná. Fig. 9 - natural landscape of the locus classicus of Islaya camanaensis.

(Fig. 1) and larger fruits 2-3.5 cm long (Fig. 5b). it occurs Haageocereus decumbens (Vaupel) Backeb. and some above 900 m a.s.l. in the extensive pampas (Fig. 9) of the tyllandsias found in the ravines has been observed. province of Camaná, department of arequipa (Fig.10). the present state of conservation of I. camanaensis is its habitat is quite peculiar because it inhabits sandy soils unfavorable, since its little population is confined in a and is usually buried in the ground (Fig. 7), where only half restricted zone where some human has recently been startd. or almost nothing of its stems appear, unlike I. islayensis it has been possible to evaluate up to 7 individuals per 100 that inhabits sandy soils with abundant limestone and m2 in an area 50 km2. Besides, a high number of adult plants quartz, above 250 m a.s.l., and unlike I. divaricatiflora that have been found dead (3 out of 10 individuals). in addition, occurs in the ravines, among 500-600 m a.s.l. and it can carvings that cross the pampas to the province of Camaná remain buried in soft soil and vegetate for many years. have been recently opened. in conclusion the new species the discriminating features of Islaya camanaensis, com- should be considered in critical danger. pared to the two congeneric species occurring in the same area, are better highlighted in the comparative table shown in table 1.

Conservation status

Islaya camanaensis Cáceres has a wide area in the high pampas of the locality of Camaná and some slopes in a strip that goes from the 900 to 1050 msnm. the population is being threatened at present due to the opening of roads and carvings that connect the hills of the districts of Camaná with the upper part of the creek of the bull. the number of indivi- duals between 15 to 30 per 100 m2, approximately 7 indivi- duals per 100 m2. near to the zone roads for irrigations have also been built, putting in risk the rare plant populations. in the Pampa the whole area is being populated by dwellings.

Final considerations

according to the present study the genus Islaya Backeb. in the southern region of Peru is conformed by four species and one subspecies: Islaya islayensis (Forster) Backeb., I. islayensis subsp. grandis (rauh & Backeb.) g. Charles, I. omasensis ostolaza et Mischler, I. divaricatiflora ritter and I. camanaensis Cáceres which is significantly different from the other taxa. the epithet of the new species refers to the name of the province of Camaná where it occurs. the intense rains of 2013 and 2014 in these areas where it never rains in arequipa allowed its finding. it is a rare species and almost does not share with asso- Fig. 10 - distribution of Islaya camanaensis in the province of ciated flora in its habitat, and only the presence of Camaná, department of arequipa (Peru).

38 aCKnoWledgMents reFerenCes

a special thanks to the colleagues of the section of Botany anderson e.F., 2001. – The Cactus Family. – timber Press. from the Biology school of the University agustín national oregon Usa. Park, for your collaboration and support; to leoncio Mariño BaCKeBerg C., 1958-1962. – Die Cactaceae: Handbuch der Herrera, director of the Herbarium arequipense HUsa, for Kakteenkunde. – Jena. allowing to review material present in this Herbarium. KatterMann F., 1994. – Eriosyce. – research thanks also to CienCia aCtiVa ConCyteC-Unsa, for 1. richmond. the financing granted graduated from the training internship nyFFeler r. & eggli U., 1997. – Comparative stem anatomy at the University of Palermo (italy). and eriosyce sensu lato (Cactaceae). – annals of Botany 80: 767-786. ostolaza C., 2014. – Todos los Cactus del Perú. – MinaM, resUMen – Estudios taxonómicos sobre el género islaya Peru. (Cactaceae): islaya camanaensis, nueva especie endémica ritter F., 1964. – Kakteen in Sudamerica. – ergerbise Meiner. de la región de Arequipa (Perú) – Como parte de un pro- 20 jahrigen Feldforschungen, 4. Peru. germany. yecto de investigación sobre cactaceae en la región sur del Perú, una población del género Islaya fue particularmente crítica. el afectuoso estudio taxonómico ha permitido des- cribirla como una nueva especie con el nombre de Islaya camanaensis, en referencia a la provincia de Camaná, donde su población utiliza la altitud de 900-1050 m s.n.m. el nuevo taxón muestra claras diferencias con respecto a otras especies del mismo género presentes en el Perú. en particu- lar, se refieren a la raíz y a la forma del tallo, por lo tanto las costillas, las areolas, el color de las flores y, finalmente, también el fruto y las semillas. Islaya camanaensis, en su difícil hábitat de pampas áridas, en el departamento de arequipa, florece en septiembre y da fruto en noviembre- diciembre. de las encuestas realizadas, la nueva especie es bastante rara: en un crucero de 50 km, se producen en pro- medio 7 individuos por cada 100 m2. las principales amenazas a las que está expuesta son la construcción de carreteras y concesiones de tierras para ser utilizadas para la expansión de la agricultura y la construcción de edificios. riassUnto – Studi tassonomici sul genere islaya (Cactaceae): islaya camanaensis, nuova specie endemica della regione di Arequipa (Perù) – nell’ambito di un pro- getto di ricerca sulle cactacee della regione meridionale del Perù, una popolazione del genere Islaya è risultata par- ticolarmente critica. lo studio tassonomico affettuato ha permesso di poterla descrivere come nuova specie con il nome Islaya camanaensis, in riferimento alla provincia di Camaná dove la sua popolazione ricorre alla quota di 900- 1050 m s.l.m. il nuovo taxon mostra chiare differenze rispetto alle altre specie congeneri presenti in Perù. esse riguardano la radice e la forma del fusto, quindi le costolature, le areole, il colore dei fiori e, infine, anche il frutto e i semi. Islaya camanaensis, nel difficile habitat della pampas arida, fiorisce in settembre e fruttifica in novembre-dicembre. dai rilevi effettuati la nuova specie risulta abbastanza rara: in un transetto di 50 km, mediamente ricorrono 7 individui su 100 m2. le principali minacce a cui essa è esposta sono la costruzione di strade e le concessioni di terreni da destina- re all’espansione dell’agricoltura e alla costruzione di edifici.

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