Krikor Zohrab'la

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Krikor Zohrab'la Social Sciences Research Journal, Volume 6, Issue 4, 298-309 (December 2017), ISSN: 2147-5237 298 Bir Osmanlı Aydınının Düşünce Dünyası: Krikor Zohrab’la “Hayat, Olduğu Gibi”•! Rıfat Atay Akdeniz Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi, Antalya [email protected] Krikor Zohrab (1861-1915), Osmanlı medeniyetinin son dönemlerinde yetişen, Ermeni toplumuna mensup önemli bir figürdür. Siyasetçi, yazar, düşünür, gazeteci ve hukukçu gibi birçok vasfı olan Zohrab, çok yönlü bir kişiliktir. Döneminin çoğu Ermeni aydını gibi kendini Osmanlı kabul eden Zohrab, Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebusanı’nda üç dönem İstanbul Milletvekili olarak görev yapmıştır. Çok iyi derecede Türkçe, Ermenice ve Fransızca bilen, hemen her konuda görüşlerini açıkça serdetmekten çekinmeyen Zohrab, Meclis’in etkin ve ateşli hatiplerinden birisi ve koyu İttihatçı olarak bilinmektedir. Zohrab, 3 Haziran 1915’te tutuklanmış ve maalesef 19 Temmuz 1915’te de Çerkez Ahmet tarafından Urfa yakınlarında öldürülmüştür. Siyasetçi kişiliği kadar şairliği, düşünürlüğü ve yazarlığı ile de gündemde olan Zohrab, hem dönemin gazetelerinde yazmış hem de ilmi ve edebi eserler ortaya koymuştur. Dönemin çoğu aydını gibi, özgürlük, barış, kardeşlik içinde ama farklılıklara tahammül edilebilen bir Osmanlı toplumu için var gücü ile çalışmıştır. Bu konudaki ümidini son ana kadar kaybetmeyen Zohrab, toplum için sanat görüşünü benimseyen gerçekçi bir düşünürdür. Kısa hikâyeciliği ile öne çıkan yazın hayatında, roman, seyahat, makale, şiir gibi alanlarda da eserler vermiştir. Zohrab’ın düşünce dünyası, dönemin Osmanlı aydınlarının dünyasını hem içerden hem de dışarıdan yansıtan çift yönlü bir aynayı andırmaktadır. Bu açıdan onu daha yakından tanımak, o dönemin daha yakından tanınmasını sağlayarak günümüze de ışık tutacaktır. Çalışmada, birkaçı dışında Türkçeye çevrilmeyen eserleri ışığında Zohrab’ın düşünce dünyasının ana hatları ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Krikor Zohrab, Osmanlı, Aydın, Ermeni, Mebus Title: The Thought World of an Ottoman Intellect: “Life As It Is” with Krikor Zohrab Krikor Zohrab (1861-1915) was an important leading Armenian figure who brought up during the late periods of the Ottoman civilization. Zohrab was a multifaceted character with qualities like politician, author, thinker, journalist and lawyer. Considering himself as Ottoman like many of his peers from the Armenian community, Zohrab has served in the Ottoman Parliament as Istanbul MP for three terms. Zohrab was arrested on June 3rd 1915 and unfortunately killed by Cherkes Ahmet at the outskirts of Edessa on July 19th 1915. • Çalışma, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi tarafından 8 Nisan 2015 tarihinde Antalya’da düzenlenen “Kadim Dostluğun Yüz Yıllık Açmazında Türk-Ermeni İlişkileri Uluslararası Sempozyumu”nda sunulan sözlü bildirinin geliştirilmiş halidir. Social Sciences Research Journal, Volume 6, Issue 4, 298-309 (December 2017), ISSN: 2147-5237 299 Always at the forefront not only as politician but also as poet, thinker and author, Zohrab has written both in the newspapers of the day and produced scientific and literary works. Like many of his contemporaries, he worked very hard for a peaceful, free and brotherly Ottoman society in which differences were also tolerable. Never losing his hope on this target right to his last breath, Zohrab was a realist thinker who believed in art for the sake of society. Zohrab’s thought world is similar to a double-sided mirror reflecting the world of those times’ Ottoman intellectuals both from inside and outside. Thus, getting to know him closely will provide better access to that period which, in turn, will enlighten today. The paper will try to outline a general framework of Zohrab’s world of thought within the light of his works, out of which only one has been translated into Turkish. Keywords: Krikor Zohrab, Ottoman, Intellectual, Armenian, Member of Parliament Giriş: Zohrab Beni Nasıl Buldu? Bazı konular ve kitaplar vardır, okuyucu ve yazarlarını arar bulurlar. Krikor Zohrab’a açılan pencere de benim için böyle ortaya çıkmıştır. Antalya’ya taşındığım 2011 Eylül’ünde sahafları keşfe çıktığım bir gün, “Osmanlıca bir şey var mı?” diye sorduğum sahaf, elime bir kitap tutuşturdu: Krikor Zohrab, Hayat, Olduğu Gibi (Küçük Hikâyeler) (Kelekyan, 1329). Ön kapakta Ermenice aslından tercüme edilmiştir notu var ama mütercim ismi yok. Kitabın başına “Birkaç Söz” başlığı ile bir takdim yazan ve Zohrab gibi 1915’te tutuklanarak Yozgat-Kayseri yolunda öldürülen, Mülkiye Mektebi hocalarından tarihçi Diran Kelekyan’ın satırlarından mütercim olduğunu anlayabiliyoruz. Kitabın bir başka önemi de ihtiva ettiği on bir hikâyenin otobiyografik hikâyelerden oluşmasıdır (Eryılmaz, 2011, s. 39). Biraz nazlanan sahaftan kitabı satın aldım ve fakülteye dönerken otobüste okumaya başladım. O dönemde daha acil bitirmek zorunda olduğum diğer çalışmaların yükü altında olduğumdan, biraz yıpranmış olan kitabı bir poşete koyarak az kullandığım bir dolaba sakladım. Bir ara vakit bulunca Zohrab’ın kitabına tekrar döndüm ve acaba buna dair bir çalışma yapabilir miyim diye düşünmeye başladım. Kısa bir araştırmadan sonra Zohrab’ın derinliğini ve hazin sonunu keşfedince elimdeki hazineyi değerlendirmeye karar verdim. Beni bu karara iten iki neden daha vardır. Bunlardan birisi, hayli duygusal denebilecek olan, Zohrab’ın ölüm yerinin uzun yıllar çalıştığım Şanlıurfa civarında olmasıdır. İkincisi ise, o dönemde okuduğum bir kitapta rastladığım Ermeni vatandaşlara karşı önyargılarımızı Zohrab’ın adından yola çıkarak tenkit eden bir beyittir: “Kir kiri yıkar, kör körü yeder. Kirkor’a kirkor deme, kiri kor, doğru yola gider” (Çiloğlu, 2014, s. 49). Kadim Türk-Ermeni dostluğunun boyutlarını göstermesi açısından yine kısa zaman önce öğrendiğim bir bilgiyi de burada paylaşmak yerinde olacaktır. Merhum A. Yüksel Özemre tarafından “Üsküdar’da en iyi korunan köşk” nitelemesi ile bir bina zikredilmektedir. Hüdai Tepesi’nde yer alan bu binanın bahçesini gören apartmanda oturan bir dostumun anlattığına göre köşkte yalnız başına bir teyze yaşamaktadır. Sokağın başına durup gelip geçene selam vererek herkesle iletişim kurmaya çalışan tipik Anadolu kadını görünümünde bir İstanbul hanımefendisi. Bahçesinde keçi, tavuk, horoz gibi hayvanların yanı sıra İstanbul bitki örtüsüne has ağaçlar da bulunmaktadır. O ortamda böyle bir arazi, oraya apartman dikmek isteyen birçok uyanık müteahhittin iştahını kabartmakta ve gün aşırı yaşlı teyzeyi kandırmak için kapısını aşındırmaktadır. Herkese tek başına direnen teyze bir gün dünyasını değiştirir. Taziyeye giden Social Sciences Research Journal, Volume 6, Issue 4, 298-309 (December 2017), ISSN: 2147-5237 300 komşularından teyzenin Ermeni olduğunu öğrenen dostum hayli şaşırmış ve “kimin muhafazakâr, kimin modern,” olduğunu yeniden sorgulamak gerektiğini ifade etmiştir.1 Yabancı zannettiklerimizin ne kadar bizden, bizden zannettiklerimizin de ne kadar yabancı olduğunu gösteren son bir örneği daha ilave etmeden geçemeyeceğim.2 Merhum Hırant Dink’in oğlu Arat Dink 11 Eylül 2001’den sonra bir vesileyle Amerika’ya gitmek isteyince, havaalanında uzun süre sorguya maruz bırakılmıştır. Pasaportuma bakmayın, ben de sizinle aynı dini ve kültürü paylaşıyorum diye ısrar ettiyse de kimseye derdini anlatamamıştır. İsmine ve dinine bakmadan, Türkiye’den Türk pasaportu ile geliyor olması, muhtemel bir terörist muamelesi görmesine yetmiştir. Ermeni cemaatinin tebaa-i sâdıka ve Osmanlı’nın da devlet-i sâdıka olduğunu hatırda tutarak, Anadolu birliğinin nasıl oluştuğu ve örüldüğüne dair Ahmet Eflâki’nin Mevlana’ya dair anlattığı gözlemi de burada naklederek bu uzun girişi noktalayabiliriz. Rivayete göre, Türkçe bilmeyen Rumlar da Mevlana’nın sohbetlerini dinlemeye gelmektedir. Bundan pek hoşnut olmayan etrafındaki hasetçi kimseler “Bunlar sizin ne dininizi ne de dilinizi paylaştıkları halde niye sizi dinlemeye geliyorlar?” diye Mevlana’ya sorarlar. Tabii sorunun asıl gayesi ve beklenen cevap, onların meclisten kovulmaları ve ayakaltında dolaşmamaları, görüntüyü bozmamalarıdır. Mevlana’nın cevabı ise Anadolu Mayası’nın nasıl oluştuğunu göstermesi açısından çok dikkate şayandır: “Onlar bizi gönül diliyle dinliyorlar, bundan dolayı da dilimizi bilmeseler bile hislerimizi gayet iyi anlıyorlar.” Bunun bir diğer ifadesini ise Mevlâna Celaleddin-i Rumi veciz bir şekilde şöyle dile getirmektedir: “Önemli olan dil akrabalığı değil gönül akrabalığıdır. Bu yüzden bakarsın bir Hintli ile Türk anlaşırlar da aynı dili konuşan iki Türk anlaşamazlar. O halde gönüldaş olmak dildaş olmaktan daha iyidir.” (Rumi, 1967, C. I, Beyit:1259-60). Mesleki bakımdan temel ilgi alanım olan dinlerin çokluğu problemi açısından da ilginç detayları barındırdığını düşündüğüm Zohrab’ın düşünce dünyasını keşfe biyografisine kısaca göz atarak başlamanın yerinde olduğunu düşünüyorum. Kıs(s)a Biyografi Zohrab’ın ailesinin 1795 yılında İran’dan Osmanlı topraklarına göç ettiği bilinmektedir.3 Babası Haçadur (Haçik) Çubukçu’nun4 Erzincan (Eğin) Kemaliye'den annesi Eftik Hanım’ın ise Malatya Arapgir’den olduğu rivayet edilmektedir. Eğin-Arapgir arasında yer alan Zohrabner Köyü’ne nispetle Zohrab soyadını almışlardır. (İzrail, 2013, s. 19) Babası Haçik Efendi, İstanbul’a taşındıktan sonra sarraflığı meslek olarak seçmiş ve Kapalıçarşı girişinde Çuhacı Han’da sarraflık yapmıştır. Toplumsal duyarlılığın babadan oğula geçmesinin göstergesi olarak, Haçik Efendi hem kilise hem de Zohrab’ın devam ettiği Makruhyan Okulu yönetiminde aktif bir üyedir. Ailenin biri kız üçü erkek olmak üzere dört çocuğu olmuştur. Kız kardeşleri 12 yaşında
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