The Armenian Genocide, 1915
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For More Information About the Venues and Times of the Worldwide
Commemorating the Centenary of the Armenian Genocide Worldwide Reading on 21st April, 2015 Events in: Appeal for a worldwide reading on April 21st 2015 ARGENTINA Asociación Cultural Armenia, Buenos Aires | ARMENIA 1st Armenian Literary Agency, ArtBridge Bookstore Café / The international literature festival berlin (ilb) and the Lepsiushaus Civilnet Online Television, Yerevan; The Armenian Literature Foundation, Yerevan; Marine Karoyan, Tekeian Art Center, Yerevan; Potsdam are calling for a worldwide reading on 21 April 2015 - the day that marks 100 years since the beginning of the Armenian Goethe-Institut Georgien, Yerevan; Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute, Tsitsernakaberd, Yerevan; Centre of Juridical-political Genocide. and cultural diplomacy NGO, Yerevan; DAAD Armenien, Cafesijan Center for the Arts, Yerevan; The Armenian Educational Several hundred Armenian intellectuals – poets, musicians, Foundation, Yerevan | AUSTRALIA Armenian Book Club Australia, Theme and Variations Studios, Sydney; Pen Melbourne, parliamentary representatives and members of the clergy – were Melbourne | Anna Pfeiffer, FREIRAD 105.9 (Radio), Innsbruck | Thorsten Baensch, Aïda Kazarian, Boulevard arrested in Constantinople (today Istanbul) on 24 April 1915, AUSTRIA BELGIUM and deported to the Turkish interior where most of them were Jamar 19, Brussels; Anita Bernacchia, Ioana Belu, Bookshop EuropaNova, Brussels | BOLIVIA Bolivian PEN Centre, Plaza Callejas, murdered. It was the start of a crime against humanity. The Santa Cruz | BRAZIL Sibila journal, Sao Paulo; Lenira Buscato, Bandeirantes School, Sao Paulo | BULGARIA Armenian General extermination of the Armenians during World War One was the first Benevolent Union (AGBU) Plovdiv Chapter, Bourgas; AGBU Plovdiv Chapter, Haskovo; AGBU Plovdiv Chapter, Rouse; AGBU systematically planned and executed genocide of modern times. More than a million Armenians in the Ottoman Empire died during Plovdiv Chapter, Sliven; AGBU Plovdiv Chapter, Veliko Tarnovo; AGBU Plovdiv Chapter, Varna; Eojeni Sakaz, St.Kliment Ohridski this genocidal campaign. -
'A Reign of Terror'
‘A Reign of Terror’ CUP Rule in Diyarbekir Province, 1913-1923 Uğur Ü. Üngör University of Amsterdam, Department of History Master’s thesis ‘Holocaust and Genocide Studies’ June 2005 ‘A Reign of Terror’ CUP Rule in Diyarbekir Province, 1913-1923 Uğur Ü. Üngör University of Amsterdam Department of History Master’s thesis ‘Holocaust and Genocide Studies’ Supervisors: Prof. Johannes Houwink ten Cate, Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies Dr. Karel Berkhoff, Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies June 2005 2 Contents Preface 4 Introduction 6 1 ‘Turkey for the Turks’, 1913-1914 10 1.1 Crises in the Ottoman Empire 10 1.2 ‘Nationalization’ of the population 17 1.3 Diyarbekir province before World War I 21 1.4 Social relations between the groups 26 2 Persecution of Christian communities, 1915 33 2.1 Mobilization and war 33 2.2 The ‘reign of terror’ begins 39 2.3 ‘Burn, destroy, kill’ 48 2.4 Center and periphery 63 2.5 Widening and narrowing scopes of persecution 73 3 Deportations of Kurds and settlement of Muslims, 1916-1917 78 3.1 Deportations of Kurds, 1916 81 3.2 Settlement of Muslims, 1917 92 3.3 The aftermath of the war, 1918 95 3.4 The Kemalists take control, 1919-1923 101 4 Conclusion 110 Bibliography 116 Appendix 1: DH.ŞFR 64/39 130 Appendix 2: DH.ŞFR 87/40 132 Appendix 3: DH.ŞFR 86/45 134 Appendix 4: Family tree of Y.A. 136 Maps 138 3 Preface A little less than two decades ago, in my childhood, I became fascinated with violence, whether it was children bullying each other in school, fathers beating up their daughters for sneaking out on a date, or the omnipresent racism that I did not understand at the time. -
Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915
Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915 by Yektan Turkyilmaz Department of Cultural Anthropology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Orin Starn, Supervisor ___________________________ Baker, Lee ___________________________ Ewing, Katherine P. ___________________________ Horowitz, Donald L. ___________________________ Kurzman, Charles Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Cultural Anthropology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 i v ABSTRACT Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915 by Yektan Turkyilmaz Department of Cultural Anthropology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Orin Starn, Supervisor ___________________________ Baker, Lee ___________________________ Ewing, Katherine P. ___________________________ Horowitz, Donald L. ___________________________ Kurzman, Charles An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Cultural Anthropology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 Copyright by Yektan Turkyilmaz 2011 Abstract This dissertation examines the conflict in Eastern Anatolia in the early 20th century and the memory politics around it. It shows how discourses of victimhood have been engines of grievance that power the politics of fear, hatred and competing, exclusionary -
When Persecution Bleeds Into Mass Murder: the Processive Nature of Genocide
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 1 Issue 2 Article 7 September 2006 When Persecution Bleeds into Mass Murder: The Processive Nature of Genocide Uğur Ü. Üngör Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp Recommended Citation Üngör, Uğur Ü. (2006) "When Persecution Bleeds into Mass Murder: The Processive Nature of Genocide," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 1: Iss. 2: Article 7. Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol1/iss2/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. When Persecution Bleeds into Mass Murder: The Processive Nature of Genocide Ug˘ur U¨.U¨ngo¨r Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Amsterdam In the rapidly developing historiography of the Armenian Genocide, the processive character of pre-genocidal persecutions has received less attention than the genocidal process itself. This article treats the persecution of Ottoman Armenians as a cumulative process leading up to a mass-murder campaign in the summer of 1915. It addresses the evolution of CUP policy toward the Armenians through the prism of escalating persecution and the relationship between center and periphery. In order to illustrate the concrete implementation of this process, the province of Diyarbekir will serve as an example to clarify the history of the persecutions. Introduction This article will address the evolution of CUP policy toward the Armenians through the prism of escalating persecution and the relationship between center and periphery, within the context of the development of general Ottoman population policies between 1913 and 1915. -
The Impact of World War 1 on Everyday Technologies: with an Emphasis on Transport and Communication
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Oct 05, 2021 The impact of World War 1 on everyday technologies: With an emphasis on transport and communication Skyggebjerg, Louise Karlskov Published in: World War 1: The Great War and its Impact Publication date: 2018 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Skyggebjerg, L. K. (2018). The impact of World War 1 on everyday technologies: With an emphasis on transport and communication. In World War 1: The Great War and its Impact (pp. 233-268). Aalborg Universitetsforlag. Studier i historie, arkiver og kulturarv Vol. 10 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Aalborg Universitet World War 1 Dosenrode, Søren Publication date: 2018 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication from Aalborg University Citation for published version (APA): Dosenrode, S. -
The Unique Cultural & Innnovative Twelfty 1820
Chekhov reading The Seagull to the Moscow Art Theatre Group, Stanislavski, Olga Knipper THE UNIQUE CULTURAL & INNNOVATIVE TWELFTY 1820-1939, by JACQUES CORY 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS No. of Page INSPIRATION 5 INTRODUCTION 6 THE METHODOLOGY OF THE BOOK 8 CULTURE IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES IN THE “CENTURY”/TWELFTY 1820-1939 14 LITERATURE 16 NOBEL PRIZES IN LITERATURE 16 CORY'S LIST OF BEST AUTHORS IN 1820-1939, WITH COMMENTS AND LISTS OF BOOKS 37 CORY'S LIST OF BEST AUTHORS IN TWELFTY 1820-1939 39 THE 3 MOST SIGNIFICANT LITERATURES – FRENCH, ENGLISH, GERMAN 39 THE 3 MORE SIGNIFICANT LITERATURES – SPANISH, RUSSIAN, ITALIAN 46 THE 10 SIGNIFICANT LITERATURES – PORTUGUESE, BRAZILIAN, DUTCH, CZECH, GREEK, POLISH, SWEDISH, NORWEGIAN, DANISH, FINNISH 50 12 OTHER EUROPEAN LITERATURES – ROMANIAN, TURKISH, HUNGARIAN, SERBIAN, CROATIAN, UKRAINIAN (20 EACH), AND IRISH GAELIC, BULGARIAN, ALBANIAN, ARMENIAN, GEORGIAN, LITHUANIAN (10 EACH) 56 TOTAL OF NOS. OF AUTHORS IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES BY CLUSTERS 59 JEWISH LANGUAGES LITERATURES 60 LITERATURES IN NON-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 74 CORY'S LIST OF THE BEST BOOKS IN LITERATURE IN 1860-1899 78 3 SURVEY ON THE MOST/MORE/SIGNIFICANT LITERATURE/ART/MUSIC IN THE ROMANTICISM/REALISM/MODERNISM ERAS 113 ROMANTICISM IN LITERATURE, ART AND MUSIC 113 Analysis of the Results of the Romantic Era 125 REALISM IN LITERATURE, ART AND MUSIC 128 Analysis of the Results of the Realism/Naturalism Era 150 MODERNISM IN LITERATURE, ART AND MUSIC 153 Analysis of the Results of the Modernism Era 168 Analysis of the Results of the Total Period of 1820-1939 -
The Adana Massacres of 1909
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications, Department of History History, Department of Summer 2011 From Bloodless Revolution to Bloody Counterrevolution: The Adana Massacres of 1909 Bedross Der Matossian University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historyfacpub Part of the History Commons Der Matossian, Bedross, "From Bloodless Revolution to Bloody Counterrevolution: The Adana Massacres of 1909" (2011). Faculty Publications, Department of History. 124. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historyfacpub/124 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications, Department of History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in Genocide Studies and Prevention 6:2 (Summer 2011), pp. 152–173; doi: 10.1353/gsp.2011.0123 Copyright © 2011 Genocide Studies and Prevention; published by University of Toronto Press. Used by permission. From Bloodless Revolution to Bloody Counterrevolution: The Adana Massacres of 1909 1 Bedross Der Matossian University of Nebraska–Lincoln Abstract The historiography of the Adana Massacres of 1909 is represented by two diverging views. While some Turkish scholars deny the involvement of the local government officials in the massacres by putting all of the blame on the Armenians who revolted as part of a conspiracy to establish a kingdom in Cilicia, some Armenian scholars, whose work is overshadowed by the Armenian genocide, accuse the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) of acting behind the scenes to destroy the Armenian economic infrastructure in Adana in order to curb any future political and economic development in the area. -
Krikor Zohrab'la
Social Sciences Research Journal, Volume 6, Issue 4, 298-309 (December 2017), ISSN: 2147-5237 298 Bir Osmanlı Aydınının Düşünce Dünyası: Krikor Zohrab’la “Hayat, Olduğu Gibi”•! Rıfat Atay Akdeniz Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi, Antalya [email protected] Krikor Zohrab (1861-1915), Osmanlı medeniyetinin son dönemlerinde yetişen, Ermeni toplumuna mensup önemli bir figürdür. Siyasetçi, yazar, düşünür, gazeteci ve hukukçu gibi birçok vasfı olan Zohrab, çok yönlü bir kişiliktir. Döneminin çoğu Ermeni aydını gibi kendini Osmanlı kabul eden Zohrab, Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebusanı’nda üç dönem İstanbul Milletvekili olarak görev yapmıştır. Çok iyi derecede Türkçe, Ermenice ve Fransızca bilen, hemen her konuda görüşlerini açıkça serdetmekten çekinmeyen Zohrab, Meclis’in etkin ve ateşli hatiplerinden birisi ve koyu İttihatçı olarak bilinmektedir. Zohrab, 3 Haziran 1915’te tutuklanmış ve maalesef 19 Temmuz 1915’te de Çerkez Ahmet tarafından Urfa yakınlarında öldürülmüştür. Siyasetçi kişiliği kadar şairliği, düşünürlüğü ve yazarlığı ile de gündemde olan Zohrab, hem dönemin gazetelerinde yazmış hem de ilmi ve edebi eserler ortaya koymuştur. Dönemin çoğu aydını gibi, özgürlük, barış, kardeşlik içinde ama farklılıklara tahammül edilebilen bir Osmanlı toplumu için var gücü ile çalışmıştır. Bu konudaki ümidini son ana kadar kaybetmeyen Zohrab, toplum için sanat görüşünü benimseyen gerçekçi bir düşünürdür. Kısa hikâyeciliği ile öne çıkan yazın hayatında, roman, seyahat, makale, şiir gibi alanlarda da eserler vermiştir. Zohrab’ın düşünce dünyası, dönemin Osmanlı aydınlarının dünyasını hem içerden hem de dışarıdan yansıtan çift yönlü bir aynayı andırmaktadır. Bu açıdan onu daha yakından tanımak, o dönemin daha yakından tanınmasını sağlayarak günümüze de ışık tutacaktır. Çalışmada, birkaçı dışında Türkçeye çevrilmeyen eserleri ışığında Zohrab’ın düşünce dünyasının ana hatları ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır. -
The Case Study of the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire (1915/16) and Genocide Research in Comparison
Annihilation, Impunity, Denial: The Case Study of the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire (1915/16) and Genocide Research in Comparison Annihilation, Impunity, Denial: The Case Study of the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire (1915/16) and Genocide Research in Comparison Tessa Hofmann A definition of genocide “By ‘genocide’ we mean the destruction of a nation or of an ethnic group. [...] Generally speaking, genocide does not necessarily mean the immediate destruction of a nation, except when accomplished by mass killings of all members of a nation. It is intended rather to signify a co-ordinated plan of different actions aiming at the destruction of essential foundations of the life of national groups, with the aim of annihilating the groups themselves. The objectives of such a plan would be disintegration of the political and social institutions, of culture, language, national feelings, religion, and the economic existence of national groups, and the destruction of the personal security, liberty, health, dignity, and even the lives of the individuals belonging to such groups. Genocide is directed against the national group as an entity, and the actions involved are directed against individuals, not in their individual capacity, but as members of the national group. [...] Genocide has two phases: one, destruction of the national pattern of the oppressed group; the other, the imposition of the national pattern of the oppressor. This imposition, in turn, may be made upon the oppressed population which is allowed to remain, or upon the territory alone, after removal of the population and the colonisation of the area by the oppressor’s own nationals.” Raphael Lemkin: Axis Rule in Occupied Europe. -
Éditions Parenthèses Art / Architecture / Musique / Photographie / Sciences
art / architecture / musique art / architecture / sciences humaines photographie Éditions Parenthèses Éditions Parenthèses / 72, cours Julien / 13006 Marseille / France Catalogue des publications / 2016 72, cours Julien — 13006 Marseille — France téléphone : [33] 0 495 081 820 télécopie : [33] 0 495 081 824 courriel : [email protected] www.editionsparentheses.com Diffusion en librairie : Harmonia Mundi Livre Mas de Vert BP 20150 13631 Arles Cedex / France téléphone : [33] 0 490 499 049 Belgique : Harmonia Mundi Suisse : Diffusion Zoé Canada : Dimedia Facebook : architecture 4 monographies d'architecture 21 collection habitat/ressources 22 collection architectures traditionnelles 22 collection projet urbain, Grands Prix d'urbanisme 23-25 collection Palmarès des jeunes urbanistes 26 collection grands territoires 27 collection la ville en train de se faire 28-29 collection eupalinos, série architecture et urbanisme 30-37 Twitter : arts 42-43 collection arts témoins 22 collection eupalinos, série arts 38-39 musique 40-41, 43 collection eupalinos, série jazz et musiques improvisées 40-41 photographie 44-47 sciences humaines 48-53 collection eupalinos, série culture, histoire, société 38 rencontres d'averroès 48-49 collection parcours méditerranéens 50-51 collection savoirs à l'œuvre 52-53 hors collections 54-55 En couverture : autres collections collection arménies 56 L'Opéra d'Oslo, collection diasporales 57-63 Snøhetta architectes, extrait de : Antoine Pecqueur, Les espaces de la musique, voir p. 4-5. [ « Je pense que nous cherchons tous une vérité à travers la forme. Et je ne crois pas que ce soit, en musique comme en architecture, dans les vieilles recettes que se trouve la réponse. La notion commune en musique et en architecture est évidemment celle d’espace. -
Removal of American Indians, Destruction of Ottoman Armenians: American Missionaries and Demographic Engineering
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2008 Removal of American indians, destruction of Ottoman Armenians: American missionaries and demographic engineering Kieser, Hans-Lukas Abstract: This article describes and compares two distinct instances of removal of a people from its native land. The removals in question were organized at different times by two different states, onea rising, the other a crumbling power. The removals had different dimensions, but were both claimed to be unavoidable for state building. The same organization, the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mission (ABCFM), was a privileged witness and an outspoken critic of both: the removal of the American Indians from Georgia and Carolina in the 1830s, and the removal of the Armenians from Asia Minor during World War I. This removal comprised nearly all Ottoman Armenians, equaled mass murder and paved the way for an exclusively Turkish nation-state in the whole of Anatolia. In both cases the ABCFM had defended an integrative, non-exclusive vision of the societies concerned. Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-62653 Journal Article Published Version Originally published at: Kieser, Hans-Lukas (2008). Removal of American indians, destruction of Ottoman Armenians: American missionaries and demographic engineering. European Journal of Turkish Studies, (7):online. ( ! " # $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -
The Armenian Massacre and Its Avengers the Ramifications of the Assassination of Talaat Pasha in Berlin by Rolf Hosfeld
IP – Transatlantic Edition The Armenian Massacre and Its Avengers The ramifications of the assassination of Talaat Pasha in Berlin by Rolf Hosfeld The 1921 trial in Berlin of Mehmet Talaat’s Armenian assassin, Sogho- mon Tehlirian, sent reverberations around the world. Two young law stu- dents at the time would go on, respectively, to become the assistant prose- cutor at the Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal and to give a name to the wholesale Nazi murders–“genocide.” The trigger to Raphael Lemkin’s de- velopment of the legal concept of genocide was the Armenian massacre. On the ides of March in 1921 the last Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire was assassinated in the center of Berlin by an Armenian revolutionary. Mehmet Talaat had fled to the German capital before the World War I Al- lies occupied Constantinople in 1918 and was living there under a pseud- onym. He had had a meteoric rise after the revolution against Sultan Abdul Hamid II in 1908, and especially after the coup of the Young Turks in 1913, to become the most influential man in the Committee of Union and Progress that ruled dictatorially in Constantinople. At the time of his death, Talaat Pasha was already well-known in Germany as the mastermind of the ROLF HOSFELD is persecution of the Ottoman Armenians, which claimed more than a million a journalist in Berlin. lives from 1915 to 1917. His book, Operation Nemesis. Die Türkei, In the Berlin trial of Talaat’s assassin, Soghomon Tehlirian, defense law- Deutschland und yers portrayed their client as a modern-day William Tell.