Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-41905-5 — Morale and Discipline in the Royal Navy During the First World War Laura Rowe Index More Information 261

Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-41905-5 — Morale and Discipline in the Royal Navy during the First World War Laura Rowe Index More Information 261

Index

Adams, George, 90n147 Bermuda, 76 Administrative Science Quarterly , 215 Bickmore, Gilbert, 74n90 Adshead, Gilbert, 34n55, 45n100 Birkenhead, 222 Africa, 9 Birmingham, 164 Albert, Prince, 29n42 , 43 Black Sea, 238 Allen, Charles, 75 Blackadder Goes Forth (1989), 2 Allenby, Edmund, 97 Board of the Admiralty, 4, 5 , 11 , 17 , 22 , allies, 238 28 , 33 , 35 , 36n61 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 46 , Amalgamated Society of Engineers (ASE), 48 , 49 , 50n121 , 51 , 52 , 54 , 55 , 57 , 160 , 164 61n35 , 66 , 67 , 70 , 78 – 80 , 82 , 83 , Anne, Queen, 184 85 , 87 – 93 , 95 , 97 , 101 – 106 , 110 , Archangel, 238 116 – 118 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 124 – 136 , Arctic Sea, 178 138, 139 , 141 – 149 , 151 , 153 – 156 , Argentinian Navy, 85 158, 159 , 160, 162 , 166 , 167 , 169 , armistice (1918), 171 171 , 172 , 172n112, 174 – 178, 181 , Army and Navy Gazette (ANG ), 81 , 183 – 194 , 196 , 197 , 200 , 204 , 205 , 89 , 120 , 121 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 131 , 214, 219 – 221 , 224 – 228 , 231 , 232 , 136n146 , 137 , 159 , 161 , 163 , 174 233 , 235 – 237 Articles of War, see Naval Discipline Board of Trade, 98 , 151 Act (NDA) Boy’s Own , 43 Ashore and Al oat , 81 , 88 , 89 , 188 Braithwaite, Commander, 140 Astley- Rushton, Captain, 37 Brassey’s Naval Annual , 81 Australia, 12 British Army, 7 , 8 , 17 , 30 , 30n46 , 59 , 68 , Australian and New Zealand Army Corps 80 , 93 , 96 , 102 , 132 , 136 , 137 , 138 , (ANZAC), 12 141 , 145, 157 , 170, 185 , 201 Australian Navy, 119 , 182 paternalism, 20 pre- war Army, 24n16 Bailey, William, 72 Sandhurst, 30n46 Baillie-Grohman, Vice-Admiral H.T., British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 2 32n47 , 77n110 British Empire, 1 , 2 , 135 , 178 Baltic Sea, 178 , 218 , 238 British Home Front, 97, 98 , 100 , 101 Barnes, George, 123 British Socialist Party (BSP), 100, 165 Barraclough, Captain E.M.C., 29n42 , Bruce, Rear-Admiral Henry, 156 45n100 Bunter, Thomas, 140 Battleship Potemkin , 224 Beatty, Admiral Sir David, 102, 103 , Cambrai, Battle of (1917), 97 104n58, 105 , 110 , 129n124 , 141 , 149, Camerson, Lieutenant E. H., 27n31 , 29 150 , 170 , 173 , 176 , 194 Campbell, Gordon, 75 Beatty-Pound, Captain, 140 Caporetto, Battle of (1917), 97 Belgium, 100 Captain’s Standing Orders, 67 Bellairs, Commander Carlyon, 184 Carson, Sir Edward, 131 , 157 , 163 Beresford, Lord Charles, 169 , 184 Carver, Captain Edmund Clifton, 220 , 221

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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-41905-5 — Morale and Discipline in the Royal Navy during the First World War Laura Rowe Index More Information 262

262 Index

Caspersz, Reverend T.W.L., 38n73, discipline, 36 , 56 , 57 , 62 , 66 – 68 , 71, 72 , 45n100 , 56 73 , 75 – 79 , 83 , 85 , 90 , 102n52 , 140 , Caspian Sea, 238 158 , 159, 173 , 175 , 189 , 192 , 194 , Central Labour College, 99 197 , 207 , 213 , 214 , 218 , 219, 220 , Chalmers, Lieutenant Commander, 36 221 , 225 , 227 , 228 , 231 , 234 , 235 , Chatham, 34 , 75 , 149 , 157 , 185n159 236 , 238 Chatham Joint Committee, 186 discipline, dei nitions of, 11 , 53 , 54 , 55 , Chief petty ofi cer (CPO)/chief petty 57 , 71 , 73 ofi cers (CPOs), 32n47 , 33 , 33n50 , Dominion navies, 17 49n115 , 67n57 , 74n90 , 84 , 94n10 , Dunn, James, 75n98 126, 130 , 134 , 136 , 191 , 195 Dwyer, Albert, 72n81 Chilean Navy, 85 Christianity, 42 , 88 Edinburgh, 229 Bible, 235 Edward VII, King, 86 Jesus Christ, 89 Engine room artii cer (ERA)/engine room Church of England, 229n4 artii cers (ERAs), 32 , 35 , 45n100 , Churchill, Sir Winston, 23n7, 39n75 , 47 , 160 , 164, 191 50 , 85 , 151 , 189 England, 3n3, 85 , 118 , 181 Clarkson, George, 139n157 Merseyside, 146n179 Clausewitz, Carl von, 57 , 63 Midlands, 24n16 Cole, S. J., 70 South East, 98 Colville, Admiral, 220 , 221 Tyneside, 24n16, 157 Commission on Industrial Unrest, 99 Étaples, British Army mutiny at Conservative and Unionist Party, (1917), 102 180 , 184 Evans, Captain, 223 , 224 Corbett, Sir Julian, 14 Evans, Lieutenant Jocelyn, 27n31, 29 Cornwall, 229n3 Executive Petty Ofi cers’ Benei t Cornwell, John Travers, 131 Society, 136 Court Martial Returns, 11, 198 , 199, 200 , 201n9 , 204, 205 , 221 Fairthorne, Lieutenant Commander, 235 Court of Enquiry, 220, 223 , 224 Farrall, Fred, 12 Cowan, Admiral, 238 First Lord of the Admiralty, 47, 50 , 82 , 85 , Cronin, Joseph, 186 131 , 157 Crookes, Lieutenant R.C., 24, 30 Fisher, Admiral John Arbuthnot Crowe, George, 186, 187 (Jackie), 22 , 23 , 39n75 , 40 , 47 , 144 , Crown, Arthur, 201 189 , 190 Cummings, John, 162 Fitzgerald, Captain, 143 Fleet Surgeon, 73 Dardanelles, 189 Ford, Seaman Arthur, 6 , 56 , 77 , 139 , Dartmouth, 27n32 195 , 235 Davidson, Dudley, 27n30 Ford, William, 34n54 Davis, Harry, 86 Foucault, Michel, 3n3 De Courcy-Ireland, Captain Brian, 28, Friendly Societies, 150 31n47 , 32 Friendly Societies Act (1908), 183 Defence of the Realm Acts, 174 Fright, Alfred, 36n63 democratism, 3 , 6 , 18 , 21 , 33 , 35 , 41 , 51 , 53 , 67 , 68, 83 , 88 , 90 , 92 , 117, 137 , Galpin, Lieutenant W. S., 24 147 – 149 , 160 , 172 , 175 , 177 , 188 , Garforth, Captain, 220 194 , 197 , 226, 227 , 231 Geddes, Eric, 50 , 82 , 145 democratism, dei nition of, 3 George V, King, 1 , 15 , 43 , 86 , 162n60 Devonport, 23 , 34 , 106 , 149 , 170 George, Prince, 43 Dewar, Commander K., 25n21 Germany, 5, 101 , 221 , 236 , 238 Dewar, Lieutenant A. C., 25n22 Glasgow, 24n16 Director of Naval Intelligence, 158 Gorst, Sir John, 22 Disciplinary Court, 198, 199 , 201 , 211 Grade, Lieutenant C.H., 28

Index 263

Graham, Lieutenant Commander Lord HMS Valiant , 21 , 182n143 , 185 Alistair, 26 HMS Vindictive , 217 , 238 Great Britain, 1, 5 , 26 , 72 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 119 , HMS Weymouth , 74n90 120 , 148 , 161 , 165, 177 , 179n132, HMS Zealandia , 217 228 , 236 His Majesty’s Coastguard, 94 , 119 , 121 , 123 Greenwich, 11 , 34 Holmes, Chief Petty Ofi cer, 32n47 Gunroom, 26 Horton, Leslie, 73 Hostilities only ratings (HO)/(HOs), 9, 17 , Haigh, George Ernest, 39n78, 44 , 50 , 71 , 41 , 46 , 102, 118 , 132 – 136 , 138 – 141 , 74n92 , 139 147 , 150, 157 , 158 , 160 , 176 , 196 , Hall, Captain, 134 198 , 204 , 225 , 227 , 232 , 237 , 238 Halter, Telegraphist William, 75 , 139 Humphries, William, 76n103, 229 Henderson, Arthur, 131 , 165 Hyde Parker Committee, 160, 191 Heron, Seaman Albert, 83n123 Hyde Parker, Rear-Admiral, 191 Hill, Captain Marcus, 222 His Majesty’s Fleet Imperial German Army, 59 , 60 HMS Actæon , 54 Imperial German Navy, 1, 5 , 8 , 56 , 77 , 83 , HMS Ajax , 171n105 89 , 158 HMS Amphitrite , 72n84, 106 , 134 , 219 , High Seas Fleet, 103 , 158n45 , 236 220 , 221 , 222 , 235 Mutinies, 61, 89 , 158n45 HMS Benbow , 27n30 U-boats, 1, 103 , 153, 171 , 236 HMS Black Prince , 56 Imperial War Museum (IWM), 11 , 12 , 13 , 30 , HMS Britannia , 22 34n54 , 36n63 , 50n122 , 83 , 90 , 121 , 180 HMS Calliope , 110 Independent Labour Party (ILP), 99 , 100 , HMS Campania , 237 165 , 166 , 179 , 180 HMS Centurion , 175 Independent Social Democratic Party of HMS Cicala , 238 Germany (USPD), 158n45 HMS Collingwood , 43n91 Industrial Revolution, 45 HMS Cumberland , 140 invasion of Belgium (1914), 100 HMS Dartmouth , 218n29 Invergordon, 18 , 224 HMS Delhi , 238 Italy, 97 HMS Dido , 74n92 HMS Fantome , 134 , 219 , 224n49 J.N. Masters Ltd, 86 HMS Ganges , 35 Jaunties (Ship's Police), 74 HMS Glorious , 237 Jeffrey, Robert, 64 , 76 HMS Good Hope , 27n32 Jellicoe, Admiral Sir John, 1, 38n70 , 144, HMS Hindustan , 22 170 , 181 HMS Impérieuse , 228 Jenkins, Thomas, 72 HMS Impregnable , 76n103 Jenkins, W. A., 76 , 222 HMS Jonquil , 134 , 219 , 224n49 Jerram Committee, 89 , 192 HMS Kilbride , 238 Jerram, Sir Martyn, 192 HMS Leviathan , 72 , 134 , 218n29 , 219 , 222 Jerusalem, 97 HMS Lion , 110 Journal of the Royal United Service Institute , 81 HMS Lord Nelson , 45n100 Journey’s End (1929), 2 HMS Malaya , 10 Jutland, Battle of (1916), 10 , 43n91 , 96 , HMS Monmouth , 27n32 103 , 168 , 171 , 236 HMS Newcastle , 74n90 HMS Oak Royal , 237 Kandalaksha, 238 HMS Patrol , 75 Kem, 238 HMS Psyche , 218n29 Kiel, 56 , 236 HMS Resolution , 102 , 104, 105 , 110 , King’s Regulations and Admiralty Instructions 133 , 168 , 169 , 171 , 172n109 , 218n29 (King’s Regulations), 33 , 37 , 63 , 64 , HMS Royal Oak , 168 66 , 67 , 67n57 , 77n110 , 92n3 , 173 , HMS Shannon, 201 176 , 193 , 198 , 215 , 229n4 , 233 , 234 HMS Teutonic , 134 , 219 , 221 Kitchener, Horatio Herbert, 141

264 Index

Labour Leader , 179 Napier, Captain T. D., 25n21 Labour Party, 151 , 162 , 164 , 165 , 166 , National Federation of Discharged and 180 , 184 , 186 , 187 , 226 Demobilised Sailors and Soldiers, 187 Lazenby, Charles, 20 National Sailors’ and Firemen’s Union, 157 League of Nations Society, 100 National Union of Seamen, 47 Leeds, 165 National War Aims Committee (NWAC), Lenin, Vladimir, 165 100 , 101 Lewis, Eiluned, 26n26 Naval and Military Pensions Act (1915), 121 Liberal Party, 180, 184 , 187 Naval and Military Record , 164 Liverpool, 219 , 224 Naval Artisans’ Death Benei t Lloyd George, David, 120, 151 , 162n60 , Association, 49 163, 181 Naval Chronicle , 164 Lloyds Bank, 85 Naval Discipline Act (NDA), 63 , 65 , 72 , London, 98 , 126 , 146n179 , 149, 155 , 170 , 198 , 199 , 200n5 , 205 , 219 231 Naval Law. See Naval Discipline Act Waterloo, 168 (NDA), King's Regulations and Lower Deck Benei t Societies/Lower Deck Admiralty Instructions (King’s Societies/Friendly Societies, 33 , 46 , Regulations) and Manual of Naval 48 , 151 , 160 , 163 , 164, 166 , 169 , 170 , Law and Court Martial Procedure 175 , 177 , 183 , 185 , 187 , 188 , 189, Naval Personnel Committee, 192 193, 232 , 233 Naval Review , 23 , 25 , 26n24 , 28 , 30n44 , Loyal Appeals, 11 , 47 , 65 , 66n57 , 79 , 80 , 36 , 37 , 72n83 , 194 84 , 105, 128 , 148 , 170 , 171 , 172 , 173 , Navy League, 43 , 51 174 , 175, 189, 195 , 218n29 Navy Prize Act, 92n2 Luxemburg, Rosa, 165 Nelson, Admiral Horatio, 63 , 143 Lytton, Earl of, 105 New Zealand Navy, 182 Newbolt, Sir Henry, 14 Macnamara, Dr Thomas, 67, 105 , 116 , Nicholas II, Tsar, 142 , 178 117 , 118 , 127n119 , 142 , 146 , 156 Non-commissioned- ofi cers (NCOs), 30 , Malta, 231 68 Manchester, 228 North Sea, 5 , 6 , 73 Manual of Naval Law and Court Martial Procedure, 63 O’Halloran, Petty Ofi cer, 31n47, 32 Masters, Albert, 71 Ofi cers’ Stewards’ and Cooks’ Benei t Matthews, J. H., 179 Association, 175 Mediterranean Sea, 13 On War (1832), 57 Melbourne, 12 Operative Society of Bricklayers, 186 Mercantile Marine (MM), 120, 138 , Orkney Islands, 9n20 139 , 143 , 164n70, 200 , 207, Our Defenders’ Magazine , 81 219 Oxford English Dictionary , 53 , 55 Messers Bond and Pierce, 169 Metropolitan Police, 170 Palestine, 97 New Scotland Yard, 169 Parker, A.B. Nutty, 138 Meux, Admiral of the Fleet Sir Parliament, 100, 105 , 154 , 163 , 170 , Hedworth, 184 172n112 , 177 , 182 , 183 , 184, 185 , Middle East, 9 187 , 188 Military Service Act (1916), 152 House of Commons, 17 , 22 , 48 , 81 , Ministry of Labour, 152 105 , 143 , 154 , 184, 187 , 188 Ministry of Munitions, 152 , 153 House of Lords, 121 Morgan, Charles, 26, 26n26 , 27 , 28 Parsons, Seaman William, 75n98 , 76n104 , Mould, Ernest Charles, 168 139n157 Munitions of War Act (1915), 155 Passchendaele, Battle of (1917), 97 Murmansk, 238 paternalism, 3 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 18 , 20 , 21 , 24 , 26 , Mutiny/ mutinies, 134 , 200 , 201 , 214 , 29 , 33 , 37 , 38 , 41 , 43 , 51 , 53 , 64 , 67 , 216 , 218 , 219 , 221 – 224 , 227 , 76 , 78 , 91 , 92 , 103 , 110 , 116 , 117 , 235 , 238 128 , 133 , 135, 142 , 143 , 146 , 147 ,

Index 265

149 , 152 , 158 , 160 , 172, 173 , 188 , Royal Naval Reserve (RNR), 40, 47 , 96 , 192 , 194, 196 , 197 , 226 , 227 , 231 137 , 138, 200 paternalism, dei nition of, 3 Royal Naval School (Greenwich), 34 Petty ofi cer (PO)/petty ofi cers (POs), 11 , Royal Naval Seamen’s Benei t Society, 49 29 , 30 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 49n115 , 65n51 , Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (RNVR), 66n57 , 68 , 74 , 76n103 , 80 , 84 , 102, 40 , 137 105 , 126 , 129, 130 , 133 , 136 , 138 , Royal Navy (RN) 140 , 143 , 150 , 168n95 , 169, 170 , 171 , Battle Cruiser Fleet (Battle Cruiser 172, 174 , 183 , 186 , 200 , 223 , 232 , Force), 110 , 156 234 dreadnought programme, 23 Piggott, William, 229n3 early Victorian navy, 70 Plunkett, Commander Hon R., 25n21, Elizabethan navy, 92n2 25n22 First Battle Squadron, 102 , 103 , 104 , Plymouth, 187 110 , 133 , 150 Poldhu, 229n3 First Destroyer Flotilla, 217 , 238 Porteous, Sub-Lieutenant Robert, 200 Fleet Cinema Committee, 231 Portland, 179 Fourth Battle Squadron, 102, 103 , 104 Portsmouth, 11 , 34 , 106 , 134 , 149 , 162 , Georgian navy, 15 , 70 164 , 179 , 182, 185 , 186 , 187 , 201n9 , Grand Fleet, 1, 18 , 38n70 , 80 , 89 , 102 , 220 103 , 104, 110 , 149 , 169 – 173 , 183 , Portsmouth Joint Committee, 164, 167 , 228 , 231 , 238 181, 182 , 183 , 185 , 186 , 187 Light Cruiser Force, 110 Premier Lower Deck Society, 135 Morale, 53, 56 , 57 , 61 , 63 , 84 , 129 , 201 , Warrant ofi cers, 135 225 , 226, 234 , 236, 237 , 238 Prinzregent Luitpold , 158n45 Second Battle Squadron, 102, 103 , 104 Prisoners of War Bread Fund, 128 Selborne Scheme, 22 , 23 , 24 Prudential Assurance Company, 85 Third Battle Squadron, 106 Pullen, Seaman Edward, 69 , 75n98 , 77 , 140 Training and Staff Duties Division, 216 Punt, Seaman Cyril, 38n72, 140 Royal Navy Artii cers Engineer and Pursey, Commander, 48 , 170 Engine-Room Artii cers’ Club and Benevolent Fund, 46 Quarter deck, 75 , 93 , 121 , 135 , 235 Royal United Service Institute, 97n20 Royal Yacht, 184 Representation of the People Act (1918), Russia, 44, 81 , 89 , 97 , 100 , 129 , 136 , 142 , 182 , 183 158 , 160 , 165 , 175, 178 , 179 , 180 , Roberts, Seaman William, 140n161 204 , 238 Robertson, General Sir William, 181 Bolshevik Revolution (1917), 97, 98 , Rosyth, 156n39 , 170, 171 , 179 100 , 106, 175 , 178 Royal Dockyards, 131 , 151 , 154 , 155 , 156 , March Revolution (1917), 98, 129 , 175 157 , 159 Russian Civil War (1917–1922), 238 Chatham Dockyard, 157 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918), 97 , 238 Clyde Dockyard, 153 Workers’ and Soldiers’ Councils, 165 Dockers’ Unions, 163 Russian Army, 178 Dockyard workers, 154 , 155 , 156 , 157 Russian Navy, 81n114, 178 Rosyth Dockyard, 156 Royal Fleet Reserve (RFR), 40, 134 Sailor’s Rest movement, 42 , 43 , 50 Royal Marines (RM), 18 , 23n10 , 85 , Scapa Flow, 9n20 , 103 , 170, 195 , 228 , 235 86n133 , 207 , 238 Scotland, 1 6th Battalion, 238 Scrivens, J. W., 66n57, 105n61 , 168 , 169 , Royal Naval Air Service, 18 170 , 171, 174 Royal Naval Colleges Sea Lords, 95 , 116, 144 , 146 Dartmouth, 22 , 23 , 24n13 , 27 First Sea Lord, 47 , 170 , 221 , 222 Osborne, 22 , 23 , 24n13 , 24n15 , 27 , 43 Fourth Sea Lord, 45n100, 144 , 145 , 224 Royal Naval Division (RND), 9n19, 18 , Second Sea Lord, 22 , 106 , 116 , 28n32 133n137 , 173 , 191 , 192 , 221 , 224 Royal Naval Hospital, 200 Third Sea Lord, 144

266 Index

Second World War, 2 , 13 , 58 157 – 160 , 162 , 163 , 164 , 175 , 177 , Senior Service, see Royal Navy 178 , 196 , 198 , 205 , 227 , 232 Separation Allowances and National Relief Council of the General Federation of for the Widows of Children, 126 Trade Unions, 164 Shipconstructors’ and Shipwrights’ Parliamentary Committee of the Trades Association, 117 Union Congress (TUC), 165 Shipping Controller, 153 Trades Union Congress (TUC), 155, Shipyard Labour Department, 153 166 Sick Berth Stewards’ Society, 186 Treasury Agreement (1915), 152 , 153 Skipwith, Captain, 220 Truth , 89 Social Darwinism, 5 Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Pay Committee, 167 Union Jack Club, 51 , 82 , 85 , 149 , 168 , Southsea Common, 162 170 Spicer, Lieutenant Commander M. D., 194 Union of Democratic Control (UDC), 100 Spring Offensives (1918), 98, 101, 153 United States of America (USA), 97, 100 , SS Gourko , 230 132 Stevenson, Frederick John, 172n109 University of Sussex, 71 Stewards’ Society, 162 US Army, 89 Stileman, Rear-Admiral, 219, 224 US Navy, 132 Stock, Petty Ofi cer Telegraphist, 175n121 Vale, Petty Ofi cer W., 66n57 , 105n61 , 168 , Tewkesbury, Frank, 166 169 , 170 , 171 , 174 The Bluejacket and the Soldier , 11 , 48 , 81 , Verney, Captain, 184 82 , 83 , 85 – 88 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97n19 , 116 , Vicarage, W., 10 118 – 121 , 123 , 125 , 126 , 128 , 130 , 131 , Victoria Cross (VC), 96 132 , 137n149 , 138 , 143 , 159 – 161 , 163 , Vine, Harry, 229n5 164 , 173 , 177 , 178 , 182 , 184 , 185 , 189 , 191 , 232 Walker, Charles, 106 The Daily Mail , 228 War Cabinet, 120 The Daily Mirror , 233 War Emergency Committee (WEC), 165 The Entry and Training of Naval Cadets Wardroom or ward room, 26, 39 , 74n90 , (1914), 24 230 The Fleet , 11 , 47 – 49 , 81 , 83 , 94 , 96 , 116, Warrant Officers’ Journal , 191 118n77 , 120 , 121 , 125 , 127 , 136 , Western Front, 10 137n149 , 138n154, 160 , 162, 164 , Westminster. See Parliament 166 – 168 , 174 , 184 , 185 , 185n156, Weston, Agnes, 42 , 43 , 51 , 88 189, 189n178 , 192n189 Weymouth, 179 The Fleet Annual and Naval Year Book , 81 , Weymouth, Captain G. R., 237 84 , 85 , 116 White Sea, 178 The Glasgow Herald , 229 Whitehall, 87 , 178 , 193 The Gunroom (1919), 26 , 28 , 29 Whittingham, Alan, 229n4 The Manual of Naval Law and Court Wilhelmshaven, 158n45 , 236 Martial Procedure , 200n5, 215 Willis, Petty Ofi cer Richard, 186 The National Archives, 11 , 61n35 Willis, Reginald, 20 , 70n70 , 140 The Naval Warrant Ofi cers’ Friendly Wilson, Joseph Havelock, 157 Society, 46 Wilson, Woodrow, 100 The News of the World , 230 Wintz, Sophia, 88 The Scotsman , 229 The Sunday Evening Chronicle , 28 Xenophon, 57 The Times , 1 The Treasury, 85 , 100 , 120 , 144 , 145n176 , Yexley, Lionel, 11 , 47 , 50 , 51 , 81 , 83 – 85 , 146 128 , 136 , 162 , 164 , 166 , 167 , Thomson, Basil, 169 175n121 , 176 , 180 – 183 , 185 – 187 , Trade unions, 18 , 19 , 46 , 78 , 96 , 99 , 104 , 190 , 193 116 , 129 , 149 , 150, 152 , 154 , 155 , Young, Filson, 36