Physico-Chemical Analysis of Bhima River Water Near Afzalpur Town Prof

IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 5, Issue 06, 2017 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Physico-Chemical Analysis of Bhima River Water near Afzalpur Town Prof. Dr. Shivasharanappa1 Navaneet.J.M2 1Professor 2M.Tech Research Scholar 1,2Department of Civil Engineering 1,2PDA College of Engineering. Kalaburagi 585102 (K.S) Abstract— Water is the prime constituent that supports life. groundwater. As more areas come under traditional irrigation Hence water is also known as blue gold and is one of the techniques, the stress for water available for other purposes precious natural resources on Earth. Next to air, the other will continue. The solution lies in extensive use of micro- important requirement for human life to exist is water hence irrigation techniques such as drip and sprinkler irrigation. earliest civilizations were near or all along the bank of rivers. Reduction in traditional water recharging areas. The water scarcity is mostly man made due to excess Rapid construction is ignoring traditional water bodies that population growth and mismanagement of water resources have also acted as ground water recharging mechanism. We like mainly inefficient use of water for agriculture, reduction need to urgently revive traditional aquifers while in traditional water recharging areas and sewage and implementing new ones. wastewater discharge into traditional water bodies. As the Sewage and wastewater drainage into traditional Bhima river is the only river which is running nearby water bodies. Government intervention at the source is Afzalpur village, twelve water samples are collected and are urgently required if this problem is to be tackled. analyzed to know whether the Bhima river water is suitable C. Bhima River: for drinking purpose. The detailed analysis of Physico- Chemical parameters on pH, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Bhima River is the major river source in south India; it flows Hardness, Alkalinity, Chloride, Dissolved Oxygen, BOD, south east covering 861 km through Maharashtra, Karnataka Phosphate, Nitrate and Sulphate are carried out as per the and Andhra Pradesh states before entering the Krishna River. standard methods. And it was found that Bhima river water is Bhima River originates near Bheemashankar temple in the good for drinking purpose, as all the parameters are within Bheemashankar hills in Ambegaon Taluka on the western the range of permissible standards as per IS10500:1991. side of the Western Ghats known as Sahyadgi in Pune district Key words: Bhima River Water, Physico-Chemical Analysis, of Maharashtra. The total area of the Bhima basin is Water Quality Index (WQI), Drinking Water Quality 70,614 km². The population living along the banks of Bhima Standards is approximately 12.33 million people (1990) with 30.90 million people expected by 2030. I. INTRODUCTION There are twenty-two dams in Basin of Bhima River. The first dam is the Chas Kaman Dam in Khed Taluka, Pune A. Requirement of Water: district. The largest dam by capacity is Ujjani Dam, near Water is the prime constituent that supports life. Hence water Tembhurni, Solapur District. Total Water storage capacity of is also known as blue gold and is one of the precious natural Bhima basin is about 300 TMC in Maharashtra state. Nearly resources on Earth. Next to air, the other important 30 barrages are constructed across the main Bhima river from requirement for human life to exist is water hence earliest the downstream of Ujjani dam in Maharashtra and Karnataka civilizations were near or all along the bank of rivers. But states to harness all the water available in the river in excess with the advancement of civilization the utility of water of Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal allocations. Bhima to enormously increased. Sina interlink (Jod Kalava) with 21 km tunnel from Ujjani Water is required for domestic purpose (i.e. reservoir is constructed to supply water for vast lands in drinking, cooking, bathing, washing, gardening, heating and catchment area of Sina tributary from main Bhima river. air conditioning), agriculture purpose, recreation purpose, D. Study Area: industrial purpose, generation of power, etc. Water is broadly classified into two categories, surface water Afzalpur is one of the Taluk in Kalaburagi District with 94 and ground water. The sources of surface water are rivers, villages. Afzalpur is located at 17.2°N 76.35°E. It has an streams, lakes, impounding reservoirs and canals. While the average elevation of 408 metres (1338 feet). The town is sources for ground water are tube well, open well, springs and spread over an area of 3 km².Afzalpur Taluk infiltration gallery. borders Aland taluk of Gulbarga district to the north, Gulbarga taluk of Gulbarga district to the B. Background: east, Jevargi taluk of Gulbarga district and Sindgi taluk The water scarcity is mostly man made due to excess of Bijapur district to the south, Indi Taluk of Bijapur population growth and mismanagement of water resources. district to the west and Akalkot Talukof Solapur district The following are some of the major reasons for water of Maharashtra to the north-west. Bhima and Amarja rivers scarcity are: flow through this taluk. The below figure 3.1 shows the map Inefficient use of water for agriculture. India is of Afzalpur Taluk. among the top growers of agricultural produce in the world and therefore the consumption of water for irrigation is amongst the highest. Traditional techniques of irrigation cause maximum water loss due to evaporation, drainage, percolation, water conveyance, and excess use of

Fig. 3.1: Map showing Afzalpur Taluk E. Objectives of the study: 1) To carry out the Physico-Chemical analysis on Bhima River water. 2) To carry out the Water Quality Index of Bhima River water.

II. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY Table 3.1: Results of Physico-Chemical Analysis A. Sampling: B. Comparison of Physico-Chemical Charateristics with Bhima River is the main surface source of water supply to BIS Standards: many villages and some villages have Ground water sources The detailed analysis of Physico-Chemical parameters is but during summer there will be a deficit. The water sample compared with BIS standards and is shown in below table 3.2. is collected at a single point behind Afzalpur town and the location is shown in below figure 2.1. The detailed analysis of Physico-Chemical parameters of pH, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Hardness, Alkalinity, Chloride, Dissolved Oxygen, BOD, Phosphate, Nitrate and Sulphate are carried out as per the standard methods.

Table 3.1: Comparision of Average Physico-Chemical Parameter with BIS Standards C. Water Quality Index(WQI): Application of water quality index in this study has been found to be useful in assessing overall quality of water .The

Fig. 2.1: Location of Sampling Point water quality index of the samples is found out to be 42.77 which lies in a grade ie excellent quality of water. This B. Water quality Index: method is helpful to understand the quality water and also Water quality index is one of the most effective tools to being useful tool in many ways in the field of water communicate information on the quality of water to the management. concerned cities and policy makers. It thus becomes an important parameter for assessment and management of water. Water quality index is defined as a rating reflecting the composite influence of different water quality parameters.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A. Physical and Chemical Examinations of bhima river water: The detailed analyses of Physico-Chemical parameters mentioned are carried out as per the standard methods and the results are tabulated in table 3.1. Table 3.2: Water Quality Index of Bhima river water near Afzalpur

IV. CONCLUSIONS The analysis and results of Physico-Chemical parameters of the samples of Bhima river water samples are well within the range of permissible standards as per IS10500:1991. And as the water quality index of the samples is found to be in A grade which is an Excellent quality of water. Hence the Bhima river water can be used as a source for water supply schemes for nearby villages.

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