DOCSLIB.ORG

Armenia Housing Study Prepared By: Hayastan Stepanyan, Legal Expert, UFSD and Armen Varosyan, Housing Expert, UFSD Contents

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Armenia Housing Study Prepared By: Hayastan Stepanyan, Legal Expert, UFSD and Armen Varosyan, Housing Expert, UFSD Contents Armenia Housing Study Prepared by: Hayastan Stepanyan, legal expert, UFSD and Armen Varosyan, housing expert, UFSD Contents Foreword ________________________________________________________________________________ 4 n stei ll Acknowledgements _______________________________________________________________________ 5 I m RA Executive summary _______________________________________________________________________ 6 z E Introduction and methodology _____________________________________________________________ 9 Context analysis Background information on the Republic of Armenia _______________________________________ 10 Housing stock of Armenia before independence ____________________________________________ 11 Housing situation after independence _____________________________________________________13 Condition of current housing stock in Armenia _____________________________________________15 Vulnerable groups in Armenia lacking access to decent housing _____________________________16 Housing analysis The property rights regime _______________________________________________________________17 The housing finance regime ______________________________________________________________ 19 The housing subsidies regime ____________________________________________________________21 Residential infrastructure _________________________________________________________________23 The regulatory regime ___________________________________________________________________26 Position statement and recommendations Property rights recommendations _________________________________________________________30 Housing finance recommendations _______________________________________________________31 Housing subsidies recommendations _____________________________________________________31 Residential infrastructure recommendations _______________________________________________34 Regulatory recommendations ____________________________________________________________34 Housing solutions Government of Armenia housing solutions ________________________________________________35 Best practices ___________________________________________________________________________38 The Monument of Sardarapat celebrates the Republic of Armenia’s battle for independence, which took place from May References ______________________________________________________________________________41 24 to May 26, 1918. Sardarapat is 40 kilometers west of Yerevan, and the battle is considered to have stopped the Turkish advance Annexes ________________________________________________________________________________45 in Armenia and prevented the nation’s destruction. Photographers: Kim MacDonald and Ezra Millstein. Cover photography by Zaruhi Tonapetyan. 2 Armenia Housing Study Acronyms AB ........................Apartment building GoAm ..................Government of Armenia nRC ......................norwegian Refugee Council ACRA.................... Armenian Credit Reporting HFHA ....................Habitat for Humanity Armenia PD .........................Passport Department Agency HFHI ..................... Habitat for Humanity PmU .....................Project management Unit ADB ......................Asian Development Bank International PPP .......................Public Private Partnership AmD .....................Armenian Dram HIG .......................Housing improvement grants PRSP .................... Poverty Reduction Strategy ARC ......................American Red Cross HOB ......................Heat-only-boiler plant Paper Armenian SSR .... Armenian Soviet Socialist HPC ......................Housing purchase certificates RoA ......................Republic of Armenia Republic HPP ......................Hydropower plant RoA nA ................National Assembly of the ASWC ................. Armenian Water and Sewerage IDA ....................... International Development Republic of Armenia Company Agency RD ........................Road Directorate CBA ......................Central Bank of Armenia IFC ........................ International Financial SCREC .................. State Committee of Real Estate CHP ......................Combined heat and power Corporation Cadastre CIS ........................ Commonwealth of ImF .......................International monetary Fund SDC ...................... Swiss Agency of Development Independent States IRD ....................... International Relief and and Cooperation CJSC ....................Closed joint stock company Development SDP ...................... Sustainable Development CPS ......................Country Partnership Strategy IUE .......................Institute for Urban Economics Program DCA ......................Development Credit Authority KfW ......................Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau SmE .....................Small and medium enterprises DGF ......................Deposit Guarantee Fund lG .........................local government SWm ....................Solid waste management DIGH .................... Dutch International Guarantee lTV .......................loan-to-value ratio TPP .......................Thermal power plant for Housing MLSA ...................Ministry of labor and Social UCO .....................Universal Credit Organization EBRD .................... European Bank for Affairs UFSD .................... Urban Foundation for Reconstruction and MMPAA................Mortgage market Participants’ Sustainable Development Development Association of Armenia UI ..........................Urban Institute EQz ......................Earthquake zone moD .....................ministry of Defense UnHCR ................ United nations High EQzRP .................. Earthquake zone Recovery mOTC ...................Ministry of Transport and Commissioner for Refugees Program Communication USAID .................. United States Agency for FC .........................Financial cooperation moUD ..................Ministry of Urban International Development FmC ......................First mortgage Company Development USSR ................... Union of Soviet Socialist FSAP .................... Financial System Assessment mTA......................Ministry of Territorial Republics Program Administration VAT .......................Value Added Tax FSDP .................... Financial Sector Deepening nBF .....................non-bank financial sector WB .......................World Bank Project NMC .....................national mortgage Company WTO .....................World Trade Organization GAF ......................German Armenian Fund nPl ......................non-performing loans Ym ........................Yerevan municipality GDP ......................Gross Domestic Product nPP ......................nuclear power plant Armenia Housing Study 3 Foreword Over the past two decades, Habitat for Humanity, a Christian nonprofit organization dedicated to fighting the scourge of poverty and inadequate housing, has built or improved more than 350,000 affordable homes worldwide. While this is clearly an impressive achievement for a nonprofit, we know that it is impossible to At Habitat, meet the goal of “decent housing for all” through Habitat’s building efforts alone. we believe we To eliminate poverty housing from the face of the earth, our mission calls us to go beyond building and need genuine refurbishing homes. At Habitat we believe we need genuine partnerships and participation with individuals, communities, corporations, nonprofits, local and national governments, and other institutions. Increasingly partnerships and through our programs in 90 countries where we work, we are aiming to influence the overall housing policy and practice to enable a functioning housing sector that works for everyone. participation with individuals, To start, we all need reliable information on the housing environment and a good understanding of the primary housing needs. This Armenian Housing Study, conducted around a methodology developed for communities, Habitat for Humanity’s emerging global housing policy index, is one of the first steps in this direction in corporations, Armenia. It is an attempt to analyze the context and environment that affects housing issues in Armenia, and to identify the most vulnerable groups affected by current housing policies and practices. The housing nonprofits, local policy index looks at five key policy areas and is based on extensive research and studies from many of the and national world’s leading housing policy experts and institutions. governments, Through the data and analysis in this report, we aim to improve our understanding of the housing and other environment and need in Armenia. We believe the analysis and recommendations are useful to policy makers, development professionals, nonprofit organizations and donors who are willing to work together institutions. to find lasting and sustainable solutions to the large demand for decent housing that is portrayed in this document. This study is obviously not a panacea for the housing issues in Armenia, but we hope you will find it a helpful guide to developing working solutions to bring about positive change. Don Haszczyn Area Vice President Habitat for Humanity International Europe and Central Asia 4 Armenia Housing Study Acknowledgements Research was carried out by staff from the Urban Foundation for Sustainable Development in Armenia. ■ Authors: Hayastan Stepanyan, legal expert, ■ Acknowledgments from the authors: Atayan, Housing and Communal Policy department and Armen Varosyan, housing expert. In preparing this study, the Armenian Housing head of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • American University of Armenia the Impact Of
    AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF ARMENIA THE IMPACT OF DIASPORA AND DUAL CITIZENSHIP POLICY ON THE STATECRAFT PROCESS IN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA A MASTER’S ESSAY SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS FOR PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS BY ARLETTE AVAKIAN YEREVAN, ARMENIA May 2008 SIGNATURE PAGE ___________________________________________________________________________ Faculty Advisor Date ___________________________________________________________________________ Dean Date AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF ARMENIA May 2008 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The work on my Master’s Essay was empowered and facilitated by the effort of several people. I would like to express my deep gratitude to my faculty adviser Mr. Vigen Sargsyan for his professional approach in advising and revising this Master’s Essay during the whole process of its development. Mr. Sargsyan’s high professional and human qualities were accompanying me along this way and helping me to finish the work I had undertaken. My special respect and appreciation to Dr. Lucig Danielian, Dean of School of Political Science and International Affairs, who had enormous impact on my professional development as a graduate student of AUA. I would like to thank all those organizations, political parties and individuals whom I benefited considerably. They greatly provided me with the information imperative for the realization of the goals of the study. Among them are the ROA Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Armenian Assembly of America Armenia Headquarter, Head Office of the Hay Dat (Armenian Cause) especially fruitful interview with the International Secretariat of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation Bureau in Yerevan, Tufenkian Foundation, Mr. Ralph Yirikyan, the General Manager of Viva Cell Company, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustaining Rural Livelihoods: a Report on Farming and Non-Farm Activities in Three Communities in Armenia
    NATURAL RESOURCES INSTITUTE NRI Report No: 2727 Rural Non-Farm Economy Project Sustaining Rural Livelihoods: A Report On Farming And Non-Farm Activities In Three Communities In Armenia Dr. Hranush Kharatyan Edited by Babken Babajunian and Dr. Monica Janowski March 2003 This document is an output from a project funded by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and the Worldbank for the benefit of developing countries. The views expressed are not necessarily those of DFID or the Worldbank. World Bank Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 1. INTRODUCTION: STUDY OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY 5 1.1 Objectives of the Study 5 1.2 Organisation of the Report 5 1.3 Research Methodology 5 1.4 Selection of Sites 5 1.5 Research Methods 6 2. POVERTY AND LIVELIHOODS IN ARMENIA 8 2.1 Who are the Poor in Armenia? 8 2.2 What do the Rural Poor Rely Upon? 9 3. FARMING IN ARMENIA NOW: A SOCIAL SAFETY NET 13 3.1 Land distribution, access to land and equity 14 3.2 The importance of landholding 15 3.3 Difficulties in livestock keeping 16 3.4 Lack of resources for investment in increased productivity 17 3.5 Access to irrigation 18 3.6 Demographic changes 18 3.7 Limited access to markets 18 3.8 Refugees: a particularly vulnerable group 20 4. THE NON-FARM ECONOMY 21 4.1 The Non-Farm Economy in Soviet Armenia 21 4.2 The Non-Farm Economy in Post-Soviet Armenia 22 4.2.1 The difficult adjustment to the new political and economic environment 23 4.2.2 Emigration 23 4.2.3 The importance of access to social networks 23 4.2.4 Traditional norms: a source of social support but a disincentive to entrepreneurship 24 4.2.5 Remittances: essential to livelihoods but disincentives to self-sufficiency 25 4.2.6 Access to credit 25 4.2.7 Limited access to a local consumer market 25 4.3 The Nature of Non-Farm Activities in Armenian villages now 26 2 4.4 Who is Engaged in Non-Farm Activities? 29 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    Table of Contents 1. Social Economic Background & Current Indicators of Syunik Region...........................2 2. Key Problems & Constraints .............................................................................................23 Objective Problems ...................................................................................................................23 Subjective Problems..................................................................................................................28 3. Assessment of Economic Resources & Potential ..............................................................32 Hydropower Generation............................................................................................................32 Tourism .....................................................................................................................................35 Electronics & Engineering ........................................................................................................44 Agriculture & Food Processing.................................................................................................47 Mineral Resources (other than copper & molybdenum)...........................................................52 Textiles......................................................................................................................................55 Infrastructures............................................................................................................................57
    [Show full text]
  • Development Project Ideas Goris, Tegh, Gorhayk, Meghri, Vayk
    Ministry of Territorial Administration and Development of the Republic of Armenia DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IDEAS GORIS, TEGH, GORHAYK, MEGHRI, VAYK, JERMUK, ZARITAP, URTSADZOR, NOYEMBERYAN, KOGHB, AYRUM, SARAPAT, AMASIA, ASHOTSK, ARPI Expert Team Varazdat Karapetyan Artyom Grigoryan Artak Dadoyan Gagik Muradyan GIZ Coordinator Armen Keshishyan September 2016 List of Acronyms MTAD Ministry of Territorial Administration and Development ATDF Armenian Territorial Development Fund GIZ German Technical Cooperation LoGoPro GIZ Local Government Programme LSG Local Self-government (bodies) (FY)MDP Five-year Municipal Development Plan PACA Participatory Assessment of Competitive Advantages RDF «Regional Development Foundation» Company LED Local economic development 2 Contents List of Acronyms ........................................................................................................................ 2 Contents ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Structure of the Report .............................................................................................................. 5 Preamble ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 9 Approaches to Project Implementation ..................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • THE ARMENIAN Mirrorc SPECTATOR Since 1932
    THE ARMENIAN MIRRORc SPECTATOR Since 1932 Volume LXXXXI, NO. 42, Issue 4684 MAY 8, 2021 $2.00 Rep. Kazarian Is Artsakh Toun Proposes Housing Solution Passionate about For 2020 Artsakh War Refugees Public Service By Harry Kezelian By Aram Arkun Mirror-Spectator Staff Mirror-Spectator Staff EAST PROVIDENCE, R.I. — BRUSSELS — One of the major results Katherine Kazarian was elected of the Artsakh War of 2020, along with the Majority Whip of the Rhode Island loss of territory in Artsakh, is the dislocation State House in January, but she’s no of tens of thousands of Armenians who have stranger to politics. The 30-year-old lost their homes. Their ability to remain in Rhode Island native was first elected Artsakh is in question and the time remain- to the legislative body 8 years ago ing to solve this problem is limited. Artsakh straight out of college at age 22. Toun is a project which offers a solution. Kazarian is a fighter for her home- The approach was developed by four peo- town of East Providence and her Ar- ple, architects and menian community in Rhode Island urban planners and around the world. And despite Movses Der Kev- the partisan rancor of the last several orkian and Sevag years, she still loves politics. Asryan, project “It’s awesome, it’s a lot of work, manager and co- but I do love the job. And we have ordinator Grego- a great new leadership team at the ry Guerguerian, in urban planning, architecture, renovation Khanumyan estimated that there are State House.” and businessman and construction site management in Arme- around 40,000 displaced people willing to Kazarian was unanimously elect- and philanthropist nia, Belgium and Lebanon.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of a River Basin Management Plan for Hrazdan River Basin
    European Union Water Initiative Plus for Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+) Results 2 & 3 DEVELOPMENT OF A RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR HRAZDAN RIVER BASIN CONSULTATION ON THE PROGRAMME OF MEASURES APPENDIX 1 ANALYSIS OF QUESTIONNAIRES FOR LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT BODIES Version 1, 28 September 2020 APPENDIX 1 ANALYSIS OF THE HRAZDAN BASIN PUBLIC CONSULTATION QUESTIONNAIRES FOR LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT BODIES EUWI+ PROJECT: "COMMUNICATION ASSISTANCE TO SUPPORT THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ACTION PLAN FOR PARTICIPATIVE RBM PLANNING IN ARMENIA" Within the framework of the European Union Water Initiative Plus (EUWI+) programme, the process of developing Hrazdan and Sevan basin management plans started in 2018. The process of public discussion and consultation of the Hrazdan Basin Management Plan took place from 20 June to 20 August 2020. The Water Basin Management Plan is a guidance document developed as a result of collaboration between different stakeholders, offering common solutions to meet the needs of all water users, taking into account also the needs of the environment. Public participation plays a key role in the management plan development process. Questionnaires were used as a key tool in the public discussion and consulting process, through which expert opinions and information were collected to make additions to the water basin management plan. The questionnaires were disseminated through Gegharkunik Marzpetaran, the official website of the Ministry of Environment of the RA, the official website of EUWI+, the social networks of the CWP, as well as various CSO networks. The questionnaire was filled in by local self-government bodies (LSGB) representing 52 communities (57 questionnaires) and by non-governmental stakeholders in the basin – 134 questionnaires .A total of 191 questionnaires were completed.
    [Show full text]
  • Stocktaking Exercise to Identify Legal, Institutional, Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Gaps and Barriers in Water Resour
    “National Adaptation Plan to advance medium and long-term adaptation planning in Armenia” UNDP-GCF Project Stocktaking exercise to identify legal, institutional, vulnerability assessment and adaptation gaps and barriers in water resources management under climate change conditions Prepared by “Geoinfo” LLC Contract Number: RFP 088/2019 YEREVAN 2020 Produced by GeoInfo, Ltd., Charents 1, Yerevan, Armenia Action coordinated by Vahagn Tonoyan Date 11.06.2020 Version Final Produced for UNDP Climate Change Program Financed by: GCF-UNDP “National Adaptation Plan to advance medium and long-term adaptation planning in Armenia” project Authors National experts: Liana Margaryan, Aleksandr Arakelyan, Edgar Misakyan, Olympia Geghamyan, Davit Zakaryan, Zara Ohanjanyan International consultant: Soroosh Sorooshian 2 Content List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... 7 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................... 12 CHAPTER 1. ANALYSIS OF POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK OF WATER SECTOR AND IDENTIFICATION OF GAPS AND BARRIERS IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ............................. 19 Summary of Chapter 1 .......................................................................................................................... 19 1.1 The concept and criteria of water resources adaptation to climate change .................................
    [Show full text]
  • “Health for Families”
    “Health for Families” Cooperative Agreement #: AID-111-A-10-00002-1 (WV US A-31 194203) Project duration: 06/22/2010 – 06/21/2012 Project Manager: Avetik Harutyunyants, [email protected], (+ 37491) 74-91-19 ext.: 227; fax: 374-10 74-91-46 Reporting period: 01.01.2011 – 03.31.2011 (Q-III) Report date: April 30, 2011 Prepared by: Project Team Project Data: Project Implementation marzes: Syunik (29 villages), Tavush (20 villages), Lori (10 villages) WV ADP target communities: Sisian (23), Meghri (6), Tavush (20), Alaverdi (10) Project Goal: Improve health status of families in targeted communities of three marzes of Armenia Project Results: 1. Child health, growth and development improved in targeted communities 2. Community-based reproductive health, disease prevention and integrated family care promoted in target communities 3. Communities and families are empowered to advocate for and demand improved quality of primary health care services Project Key Partners: “Arabkir” Joint Medical Center- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health (“Arabkir” JMC-ICAH), Yerevan, Armenia “Leontig” Maternal & Child Health Center, Sisian, Armenia List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ADP Area Development Programs AOTR Agreement Officer’s Technical Representative BBP Basic Benefit Package CBO Community Based Organization CHV Community Health Volunteers CV&A Community Voice & Action FAM Fertility Awareness Method FGD Focus Group Discussion FP Family Planning G2G Gateway to Grants GIK Gifts-in-Kind HC Health Care HfF Health for Families IMCI Integrated
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Monitoring Report Armenia
    Environmental Monitoring Report Annual Report January-December 2020 Mar 2021 Armenia: Seismic Safety Improvement Program Prepared by the Armenian Territorial Development Fund for the Government of the Republic of Armenia and for the Asian Development Bank. 2 This Environmental Monitoring Report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Annual Environmental Monitoring Report _________________________________________________________________________ Project Number: 49078 Jan-Dec, 2020 Republic of Armenia: Seismic Safety Improvement Program (Financed by the ADB) Prepared by Armenian Territorial Development Fund Yerevan, Armenia For Asian Development Bank Annual Environmental Monitoring Report _________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 2 1.1 Preamble ...................................................................................................... 2 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND CURRENT ACTIVITIES .................................. 3 2.1 Program Description
    [Show full text]
  • Agriculture and Food Processing in Armenia
    SAMVEL AVETISYAN AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PROCESSING IN ARMENIA YEREVAN 2010 Dedicated to the memory of the author’s son, Sergey Avetisyan Approved for publication by the Scientifi c and Technical Council of the RA Ministry of Agriculture Peer Reviewers: Doctor of Economics, Prof. Ashot Bayadyan Candidate Doctor of Economics, Docent Sergey Meloyan Technical Editor: Doctor of Economics Hrachya Tspnetsyan Samvel S. Avetisyan Agriculture and Food Processing in Armenia – Limush Publishing House, Yerevan 2010 - 138 pages Photos courtesy CARD, Zaven Khachikyan, Hambardzum Hovhannisyan This book presents the current state and development opportunities of the Armenian agriculture. Special importance has been attached to the potential of agriculture, the agricultural reform process, accomplishments and problems. The author brings up particular facts in combination with historic data. Brief information is offered on leading agricultural and processing enterprises. The book can be a useful source for people interested in the agrarian sector of Armenia, specialists, and students. Publication of this book is made possible by the generous fi nancial support of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and assistance of the “Center for Agribusiness and Rural Development” Foundation. The contents do not necessarily represent the views of USDA, the U.S. Government or “Center for Agribusiness and Rural Development” Foundation. INTRODUCTION Food and Agriculture sector is one of the most important industries in Armenia’s economy. The role of the agrarian sector has been critical from the perspectives of the country’s economic development, food safety, and overcoming rural poverty. It is remarkable that still prior to the collapse of the Soviet Union, Armenia made unprecedented steps towards agrarian reforms.
    [Show full text]
  • Genocide and Deportation of Azerbaijanis
    GENOCIDE AND DEPORTATION OF AZERBAIJANIS C O N T E N T S General information........................................................................................................................... 3 Resettlement of Armenians to Azerbaijani lands and its grave consequences ................................ 5 Resettlement of Armenians from Iran ........................................................................................ 5 Resettlement of Armenians from Turkey ................................................................................... 8 Massacre and deportation of Azerbaijanis at the beginning of the 20th century .......................... 10 The massacres of 1905-1906. ..................................................................................................... 10 General information ................................................................................................................... 10 Genocide of Moslem Turks through 1905-1906 in Karabagh ...................................................... 13 Genocide of 1918-1920 ............................................................................................................... 15 Genocide over Azerbaijani nation in March of 1918 ................................................................... 15 Massacres in Baku. March 1918................................................................................................. 20 Massacres in Erivan Province (1918-1920) ...............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Armenian Tourist Attraction
    Armenian Tourist Attractions: Rediscover Armenia Guide http://mapy.mk.cvut.cz/data/Armenie-Armenia/all/Rediscover%20Arme... rediscover armenia guide armenia > tourism > rediscover armenia guide about cilicia | feedback | chat | © REDISCOVERING ARMENIA An Archaeological/Touristic Gazetteer and Map Set for the Historical Monuments of Armenia Brady Kiesling July 1999 Yerevan This document is for the benefit of all persons interested in Armenia; no restriction is placed on duplication for personal or professional use. The author would appreciate acknowledgment of the source of any substantial quotations from this work. 1 von 71 13.01.2009 23:05 Armenian Tourist Attractions: Rediscover Armenia Guide http://mapy.mk.cvut.cz/data/Armenie-Armenia/all/Rediscover%20Arme... REDISCOVERING ARMENIA Author’s Preface Sources and Methods Armenian Terms Useful for Getting Lost With Note on Monasteries (Vank) Bibliography EXPLORING ARAGATSOTN MARZ South from Ashtarak (Maps A, D) The South Slopes of Aragats (Map A) Climbing Mt. Aragats (Map A) North and West Around Aragats (Maps A, B) West/South from Talin (Map B) North from Ashtarak (Map A) EXPLORING ARARAT MARZ West of Yerevan (Maps C, D) South from Yerevan (Map C) To Ancient Dvin (Map C) Khor Virap and Artaxiasata (Map C Vedi and Eastward (Map C, inset) East from Yeraskh (Map C inset) St. Karapet Monastery* (Map C inset) EXPLORING ARMAVIR MARZ Echmiatsin and Environs (Map D) The Northeast Corner (Map D) Metsamor and Environs (Map D) Sardarapat and Ancient Armavir (Map D) Southwestern Armavir (advance permission
    [Show full text]