DOCSLIB.ORG

Previewlordbalaji598

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Namo Venkatesa….. It is a blissful opportunity to praise and serve Lord Balaji. I am blessed by Lord Venkateswara to live in Tirupati, studied in His Colleges at Tirupati and served His Temple as bank officer. All Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams colleges of Lord Balaji begin their day routines by praying Lord Balaji with Stotram. This prayer is an inspiration to the students to continue their daily studies with all discipline. The residents of Tirupati look at Tirumala hills and pray for His blessings as soon as they wake up in the morning. The city of Page 4 LORD BALAJI :: OM NAMO VENKATESAYA :: Dr.Suraparaju V.S.Kishore Kumar కుమా쁍 Tirupati always wears a festival look as it is situated at the Lotus Feet of Lord Balaji. It is most common to put „Venkata‟ as prefix to the names of children to seek the blessings of Lord Sri Venkateswara Swamy. Even many put their name as „Venkateswara‟. I am also blessed like that since I too have „Venkata‟ as prefix to my name. When a child is born the common practice is tonsuring before one year at Tirumala Hills and seek the blessings of Lord Balaji. On passing of school final, many students prefer to have tonsuring at Tirumala Hills. I always believe that Tirumala is „Kaliyuga Vykuntam‟ and it is His blessing to see Lord Balaji and recite „Govinda‟ „Govinda‟. Tirumala Balaji Temple is one of the ancient temples in the world, built in 300 BC! The temple has seven hills, which are considered as heads of „Adisesha‟, a seven headed Snake God! Lord Venkateswara is self-manifested in Tirumala which makes it the only shrine of self-manifested Vishnu in the entire universe. All other shrines have idols those are effigies of the God after he has manifested at respective places at the behest of staunch devotees. But, here Venkateswara stands at Tirumala in the form of a shaligram. The diety stands on Padma peetam- Lotus platform, endorned with dhoti, various ornaments like kausthubham, various flowers, with snake carvings on Page 5 LORD BALAJI :: OM NAMO VENKATESAYA :: Dr.Suraparaju V.S.Kishore Kumar కుమా쁍 Temple History Tirupati Balaji temple has its origin in Vaishnavism, an ancient religion, which advocates the principles of equality and love, and prohibits animal sacrifice. The sanctum sanctorum, which houses the awe-inspiring idol of the Lord of the Seven Hills, is situated in the main temple complex of Tirumala. The ancient and sacred temple of Sri Venkateswara is located on the seventh peak, Venkatachala (Venkata Hill) of the Tirupati Hill, and lies on the southern banks of Sri Swami Pushkarini what is known popularly today as Tirupati Balaji Temple. The main temple complex of temple houses awe-inspiring idol of the Lord of the Seven Hills and is worshipped by millions of devotees all over the world. The devotees Page 17 LORD BALAJI :: OM NAMO VENKATESAYA :: Dr.Suraparaju V.S.Kishore Kumar కుమా쁍 flock the temple in large numbers and make offerings in large quantity making it the richest temple in India. The temple has a long history and has acquired significance in Indian religious lore. The way to Tirumala Temple by climb is 3600 steps, 8 km long climb, with the steps not uniformly distributed. The initial stages a 2000 step climb, in a space of 1km. Following that is a 7 km long walk, with a few steps in-between here and there and a 2km long walk along the road included, and then a 500 step climb after that. And then you reach the top. Average time is about 3 and a half to 4 hours (if elders are there). Vishnu in the form of Lord Venkateshwara at Tirumala Venkateshwara (Sanskrit & Telugu), also known as Venkatachalapathy or Srinivasa or Balaji, is the supreme God believed to be a form of the Hindu Deity Lord Vishnu. He appeared in this Yuga Kali Yuga for saving the people who have fallen deeply and are deluded in three modes of material nature. Lord Venkateshwara means supreme God who destroys the sins of the people in this material world. The exact period in which the temple was founded is not known, and tradition has it that the temple is Swayambhustala, meaning that it came into existence on its own without anyone constructing it. Vishnu, in the form of Venkateshwara, is much worshipped at Tirupati temple. Venkateshwara is the presiding deity at the Tirumala temple complex, believed to be the richest of all the Hindu shrines in the world. The temple is situated in southern Andhra Pradesh in Chittoor district. It Page 18 LORD BALAJI :: OM NAMO VENKATESAYA :: Dr.Suraparaju V.S.Kishore Kumar కుమా쁍 Legends associated with the Temple There are many legends associated with the origin of this age-old temple. The larger than life statue of the main deity is said to have formed on its own, making it one of the eight „Swayambhu Kshetras‟ (self-manifested image) of Lord Vishnu. Many ancient texts, including the Rig Veda mention the existence and prominence of the temple. Written texts, which are dated back to the Mauryan and Gupta era, refer the temple as „Aadhi Varaha Kshetra‟. In fact, many other texts and theories link the history of Tirupati Temple to Lord Varaha, one of the ten avatars of Lord Vishnu. According to a legend, Lord Varaha created the entire Seshachalam Hills so that Adisesha, the seven-headed snake on which Vishnu rests, could rest on earth. Interestingly, Seshachalam Hills has seven peaks, which are said to be the representation of the heads of Adisesha. As far as the construction of the temple is concerned, King Thondaiman of Tondaimandalam kingdom constructed the precincts and the towering gateway (Gopuram) of the temple. He also made sure his subjects worshipped the Lord regularly. The construction of the temple too has many legends associated with it. One such legend has it that Lord Vishnu appeared in King Page 32 LORD BALAJI :: OM NAMO VENKATESAYA :: Dr.Suraparaju V.S.Kishore Kumar కుమా쁍 Thondaiman‟s dream and asked him to construct the temple. The temple was later expanded by various kings and emperors who ruled over the place. Starting from 300 AD, the Tirupati Temple was built over a period of time. One of the earliest recorded evidences state the generosity of Pallava queen Samavai; she had donated precious jewels and 23 acres of land for celebrating the major festivals of the temple. During the Chola dynasty, the temple was developed further as many Chola Kings embellished it with riches. When the Vijayanagara Empire took over, diamonds and gold were donated to the temple. Krishnadevaraya, one of the famous Emperors of Vijayanagara, visited the temple on multiple occasions and contributed to the construction of the temple. After the decline of the Vijayanagara Empire, the temple was patronised by several kings until the advent of the East India Company. When the British took over the temple, they leased it for various purposes to different tenants. The East India Company then bestowed the administration of the temple to the chief priest of Hathiramji Muth. The Hathiramji Muth administered the temple until 1933, after which the „Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanam‟ (TTD) took over the administration of the temple. In 1966, a court order transferred the administration of the temple to the government of Andhra Pradesh. This order was rolled back in 1979, when the administration of the temple was vested to the members of TTD. A committee, including a couple of members representing the government of Andhra Pradesh, was formed for running the day-to- day administration. Page 33 LORD BALAJI :: OM NAMO VENKATESAYA :: Dr.Suraparaju V.S.Kishore Kumar కుమా쁍 KSHETRA PALAKA SILA (BIG ROUND STONE) To the north east corner of the altar, under the flagstaff porch, there is a one and half feet high stone slab. This is called „Kshetrapalaka Sila‟. It is said that this stone slab marched around the temple for providing security to the Shrine at night. Priests used to keep the keys of the temple on this stone slab every night after closing the temple and collect them to open the temple in the morning, after saluting it. Interesting story of kshetra Palaka Sila of Tirumala There's a 'KshetraPalaka Sila'(A holy big stone which is believed to be Lord Shiva) near Gogarbham Dam and TTD have consecrated a Page 53 LORD BALAJI :: OM NAMO VENKATESAYA :: Dr.Suraparaju V.S.Kishore Kumar కుమా쁍 small Shiva Temple here. Lord Shiva is the Kshetra Palaka of Tirumala Divya Kshetram. Means He is the Protector here and in the daily temple rituals also he has a place as the god os Eesanyam(North-East) direction and the daily bali, Lord Shiva receives the Puja and offerings. Bali is a ritual in which the Astadikpalakas and the adhi devathas of all doors(7), and in the end the big Bali Peetam and Dvajasthambam will receive the Sesham(the remaining rice). This Bali is carried out after every Food Offering i.e. I Bell, II Bell and Night Bell. You can find this Kshetra Palaka Sila (a part of it in the from of Bali Peetam) to the North East Corner in the Dvajasthambam enclosure). There's a legend behind this Kshetra Pala, Lord Shiva. In the Olden days this big Kshetra Palaka Sila is residing at the Mada Streets North-East corner or Eesaanyam. And it is said to be a live stone. The Archakas after closing the doors of Temple, including the Main Door, while coming to their residence in the North Mada Street, will hit this big rock with the 'Kunche Kola' or the divine Temple Keys, three times and then this rock will start rotating like a ball and wander around four mada streets there by protecting the temple safely that means this big rock of Lord Shiva will never allow any person to enter in to the four mada streets once the doors were closed and Archakas intimate this to this rock by hitting.
Recommended publications
  • Copyright by Aarti Bhalodia-Dhanani 2012

    Copyright by Aarti Bhalodia-Dhanani 2012

    Copyright by Aarti Bhalodia-Dhanani 2012 The Dissertation Committee for Aarti Bhalodia-Dhanani certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Princes, Diwans and Merchants: Education and Reform in Colonial India Committee: _____________________ Gail Minault, Supervisor _____________________ Cynthia Talbot _____________________ William Roger Louis _____________________ Janet Davis _____________________ Douglas Haynes Princes, Diwans and Merchants: Education and Reform in Colonial India by Aarti Bhalodia-Dhanani, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin May 2012 For my parents Acknowledgements This project would not have been possible without help from mentors, friends and family. I want to start by thanking my advisor Gail Minault for providing feedback and encouragement through the research and writing process. Cynthia Talbot’s comments have helped me in presenting my research to a wider audience and polishing my work. Gail Minault, Cynthia Talbot and William Roger Louis have been instrumental in my development as a historian since the earliest days of graduate school. I want to thank Janet Davis and Douglas Haynes for agreeing to serve on my committee. I am especially grateful to Doug Haynes as he has provided valuable feedback and guided my project despite having no affiliation with the University of Texas. I want to thank the History Department at UT-Austin for a graduate fellowship that facilitated by research trips to the United Kingdom and India. The Dora Bonham research and travel grant helped me carry out my pre-dissertation research.
  • 1. Introduction: Siting and Experiencing Divinity in Bengal

    1. Introduction: Siting and Experiencing Divinity in Bengal

    chapter 1 Introduction : Siting and Experiencing Divinity in Bengal-Vaishnavism background The anthropology of Hinduism has amply established that Hindus have a strong involvement with sacred geography. The Hindu sacred topography is dotted with innumerable pilgrimage places, and popu- lar Hinduism is abundant with spatial imaginings. Thus, Shiva and his partner, the mother goddess, live in the Himalayas; goddesses descend to earth as beautiful rivers; the goddess Kali’s body parts are imagined to have fallen in various sites of Hindu geography, sanctifying them as sacred centers; and yogis meditate in forests. Bengal similarly has a thriving culture of exalting sacred centers and pilgrimage places, one of the most important being the Navadvip-Mayapur sacred complex, Bengal’s greatest site of guru-centered Vaishnavite pilgrimage and devo- tional life. While one would ordinarily associate Hindu pilgrimage cen- ters with a single place, for instance, Ayodhya, Vrindavan, or Banaras, and while the anthropology of South Asian pilgrimage has largely been single-place-centered, Navadvip and Mayapur, situated on opposite banks of the river Ganga in the Nadia District of West Bengal, are both famous as the birthplace(s) of the medieval saint, Chaitanya (1486– 1533), who popularized Vaishnavism on the greatest scale in eastern India, and are thus of massive simultaneous importance to pilgrims in contemporary Bengal. For devotees, the medieval town of Navadvip represents a Vaishnava place of antique pilgrimage crammed with cen- turies-old temples and ashrams, and Mayapur, a small village rapidly 1 2 | Chapter 1 developed since the nineteenth century, contrarily represents the glossy headquarters site of ISKCON (the International Society for Krishna Consciousness), India’s most famous globalized, high-profile, modern- ized guru movement.
  • Study of Caste

    Study of Caste

    H STUDY OF CASTE BY P. LAKSHMI NARASU Author of "The Essence of Buddhism' MADRAS K. V. RAGHAVULU, PUBLISHER, 367, Mint Street. Printed by V. RAMASWAMY SASTRULU & SONS at the " VAVILLA " PRESS, MADRAS—1932. f All Rights Reservtd by th* Author. To SIR PITTI THY AG A ROY A as an expression of friendship and gratitude. FOREWORD. This book is based on arfcioles origiDally contributed to a weekly of Madras devoted to social reform. At the time of their appearance a wish was expressed that they might be given a more permanent form by elaboration into a book. In fulfilment of this wish I have revised those articles and enlarged them with much additional matter. The book makes no pretentions either to erudition or to originality. Though I have not given references, I have laid under contribution much of the literature bearing on the subject of caste. The book is addressed not to savants, but solely to such mea of common sense as have been drawn to consider the ques­ tion of caste. He who fights social intolerance, slavery and injustice need offer neither substitute nor constructive theory. Caste is a crippli^jg disease. The physicians duty is to guard against diseasb or destroy it. Yet no one considers the work of the physician as negative. The attainment of liberty and justice has always been a negative process. With­ out rebelling against social institutions and destroying custom there can never be the tree exercise of liberty and justice. A physician can, however, be of no use where there is no vita­ lity.
  • Indian Institute of Technology,Tirupati

    Indian Institute of Technology,Tirupati

    Indian Institute of Technology,Tirupati Chittoor An exclusive Guide by Indian Institute of Technology,Tirupati Reviews on Placements, Faculty & Facilities Check latest reviews and ratings on placements, faculty, facilities submitted by students & alumni. Reviews (Showing 7 of 7 reviews) Overall Rating (Out of 5) 4.6 Based o n 5 Verif ied Reviews Distribution of Rating >4-5 star 100% >3-4 star 0% >2-3 star 0% 1-2 star 0% Component Ratings (Out of 5) Placements 4.4 Infrastructure 4.6 Faculty & Course 4.8 Curriculum Crowd & Campus Life 4.6 Value for Money 4.6 The Verif ied badge indicates that the reviewer's details have been verified by Shiksha, and reviewers are bona f ide students of this college. These reviews and ratings have been given by students. Shiksha does not endorsed the same. Out of 7 published reviews, 5 reviews are verif ied. S Sanjay R | B.Tech. in Electrical Engineering - Batch of 2024 Verified Reviewed on 28 Mar 2021 4.6 Placements 4 Infrastructure 4 Faculty & Course Curriculum 5 Crowd & Campus Life 5 I like our college as it has great facilities and a peaceful location. Placements: Nearly 75 to 79% of the students who sat for placements got placed. Companies which recruit students from here are good. They might not be top-notch firms, but they are good enough. Since our college is the fastest-growing among the 3rd gen IIT, it Disclaimer: This PDF is auto-generated based on the information available on Shiksha as on 23-Sep-2021. is quite sure that the placement percentage and the recruiters are going to increase and improve within a couple of years.
  • 5 : How Hindus Worship

    5 : How Hindus Worship

    29 March 2020 #5 4-6 : Describe the different forms of worship : HOW HINDUS WORSHIP 7-9 : Explain the importance of worship Key Question : What are Puja and Arati? KEY DIFFERENCES IN WORSHIP IN SHAIVISM AND VAISHNAVISM : Read through the information sheets and create a table of differences between the way Shaivites and Vaishnavas worship. Shaivism Vaishnavism 4-6 : Describe the Arati ceremony / 7-9 : Explain the ritual of Puja Key Question : What are Puja and Arati? VAISHNAVISM : Vaishnavism is one particular tradition or denomination within Hinduism, which focuses on the worship of Vishnu. It has become very popular in Britain in the last sixty years due to the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), also known as the Hare Krishna movement. Vaishnava worship is based on the Upanishads, the Vedas and the Puranas, especially the Bhagavad Gita and concentrates on the concept of bhakti (personal devotion). Worship often consists of praying specific mantras (for example ‘Hare Krishna’) and the practice of repetitive prayer known as ‘japa’. Some consider Shiva to be a Vaishnava, and one well-known picture shows Rama praying before Shiva, that is, an avatar of Krishna praying before the god Shiva. Vaishnavas consider that Vishnu is within them as the ‘antaryami’ or God within, and their aim in life is to serve Vishnu or one of his avatars in the spiritual realm of vaikuntha. 4-6 : Describe the Arati ceremony / 7-9 : Explain the ritual of Puja Key Question : What are Puja and Arati? SHAIVISM : Shaivites, or Shaivas, are the second largest group of Hindus in India today.
  • Environmental Degradation and Landscape Management of the Nallamalai and Erramalai Hills of the Rayalaseema Region, Andhra Pradesh, India Using Geospatial Technology

    Environmental Degradation and Landscape Management of the Nallamalai and Erramalai Hills of the Rayalaseema Region, Andhra Pradesh, India Using Geospatial Technology

    International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2014): 5.611 Environmental Degradation and Landscape Management of the Nallamalai and Erramalai Hills of the Rayalaseema Region, Andhra Pradesh, India Using Geospatial Technology Kommu Somanna1, Mendu Sambasiva Rao2 1,2Dept. of Geography, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India Abstract: The Nallamalai and Erramalai hills of the Rayalaseema region posses rich biotic and mineral resources. They are formed of structural hills and cuesta hills enclosing the Kadapa and Kunderu valleys. They are also formed of Proterozoic formations consisting of shales, dolomite, limestone and quartzite. The Nallamalai hills raised to a height of about 600 to 900 meters above MSL and are covered with thick dry deciduous forests. The Erramalai hills range in height from 300 to 600 meters above MSL and are covered with scrubs and shrubs. The IRS IB Geo-coded data on scale 1:50,000 and Survey of India topographic sheets on scale 1:50,000 are used to map the ecologically disturbed zones in Nallamalai hills and land degradation due to over exploitation of mineral resources of the Erramalai hills. The intensity of soil removal, Sediment Yield Index and Erosion Index are worked out at sub-basin level and the environmental degraded zones are delineated. Based on the intensity of ecological and environmental degradation a few suggestions are made for better landscape management of the Erramalai and Nallamalai hills. Keywords: Proterozoic, deciduous, ecologically, intensity, degraded. 1. Introduction 2. Study Area Land degradation is defined as the land is subjected to The Nallamalai, Erramalai, Palakonda, Velikonda, Tirumala degradation processes by weathering and mass wasting and Seshachalam hills cover an area of about 51.142km2.
  • Secondary Indian Culture and Heritage

    Secondary Indian Culture and Heritage

    Culture: An Introduction MODULE - I Understanding Culture Notes 1 CULTURE: AN INTRODUCTION he English word ‘Culture’ is derived from the Latin term ‘cult or cultus’ meaning tilling, or cultivating or refining and worship. In sum it means cultivating and refining Ta thing to such an extent that its end product evokes our admiration and respect. This is practically the same as ‘Sanskriti’ of the Sanskrit language. The term ‘Sanskriti’ has been derived from the root ‘Kri (to do) of Sanskrit language. Three words came from this root ‘Kri; prakriti’ (basic matter or condition), ‘Sanskriti’ (refined matter or condition) and ‘vikriti’ (modified or decayed matter or condition) when ‘prakriti’ or a raw material is refined it becomes ‘Sanskriti’ and when broken or damaged it becomes ‘vikriti’. OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson you will be able to: understand the concept and meaning of culture; establish the relationship between culture and civilization; Establish the link between culture and heritage; discuss the role and impact of culture in human life. 1.1 CONCEPT OF CULTURE Culture is a way of life. The food you eat, the clothes you wear, the language you speak in and the God you worship all are aspects of culture. In very simple terms, we can say that culture is the embodiment of the way in which we think and do things. It is also the things Indian Culture and Heritage Secondary Course 1 MODULE - I Culture: An Introduction Understanding Culture that we have inherited as members of society. All the achievements of human beings as members of social groups can be called culture.
  • A Preliminary Observation on Butterflies of Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve, Eastern Ghats Andhra Pradesh, India

    A Preliminary Observation on Butterflies of Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve, Eastern Ghats Andhra Pradesh, India

    World Journal of Zoology 7 (1): 83-89, 2012 ISSN 1817-3098 © IDOSI Publications, 2012 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wjz.2012.7.1.61323 A Preliminary Observation on Butterflies of Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve, Eastern Ghats Andhra Pradesh, India M. Bubesh Guptha, P.V. Chalapathi Rao, D. Srinivas Reddy, S.R.S.C. Sekhar Maddala and P. Madhu Babu Wildlife Management Circle, Tirupati Andhra Pradesh - 517 507, India Abstract: Seshachalam hills, one of the first Biosphere Reserve in Andhra Pradesh, located in southern Eastern Ghats of Chittoor and Kadapa districts. It is spread over 4755.99 Km2 . The vegetation is a unique mix of the dry deciduous and moist deciduous types. A detailed survey of butterflies was conducted from August 2011 to January 2012. The objective of the observation is to determine the presence of butterflies. The reserve area has different habitats like scrub jungle, open forest and trial path. Each zone was explored on the basis of possibility and availability of butterflies. A total of 50 species of butterflies were recorded under five families. The family Nymphalidae and Lycaenidae were found dominant with 20 species and 12 species, respectively, followed by Pieridae (11 species), Papilionidae (5 species) and two species from the family Hesperiidae. More number of species was observed in Talakona followed by Mamandur, Balapalli, Tirumala, Jungle Book and Divyaram. Observed species were grouped in five categories on basis of number of sighting in the field. The butterflies were categorized as Very Common (VC) 40% (20 species), Common (C) 36% 18 species, Uncommon (UC) 10% (5 species), Occasional (O) 8 % (4 species) and Rare (R) 6 % (3 species).
  • The Emergence of Gaudiya Vaishnavism in Manipur and Its Impact on Nat Sankirtana

    The Emergence of Gaudiya Vaishnavism in Manipur and Its Impact on Nat Sankirtana

    ISSN (Online): 2350-0530 International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ISSN (Print): 2394-3629 July 2020, Vol 8(07), 130 – 136 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i7.2020.620 THE EMERGENCE OF GAUDIYA VAISHNAVISM IN MANIPUR AND ITS IMPACT ON NAT SANKIRTANA Subhendu Manna *1 *1 Guest Assistant Professor, Rajiv Gandhi University DOI: https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i7.2020.620 Article Type: Research Article ABSTRACT The Gaudiya Vaishnavism that emerged with Shri Chaitanya in the Article Citation: Subhendu Manna. fifteenth century continued even after his passing in the hands of his (2020). THE EMERGENCE OF disciples and spread to far-away Manipur. Bhagyachandra – the King of GAUDIYA VAISHNAVISM IN Manipur along with his daughter Bimbabati Devi, visited Nabadwip and MANIPUR AND ITS IMPACT ON NAT SANKIRTANA. International Journal established a temple to Lord Govinda which stands till today in the village of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH, called Manipuri in Nabadwip. Therefore, the strand of Bengal’s Gaudiya 8( ), 130-136. Vaishnavism that Bhagyachandra brought to Manipur continues to flow https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaa through the cultural life of the Manipuri people even today, a prime layah.v8.i7 7.2020.620 example of which is Nat Sankirtana. The influence of Gaudiya Vaishnavism on Nat Sankirtana is unparalleled. Received Date: 02 July 2020 Accepted Date: 27 July 2020 Keywords: Nat Sankirtana Pung Gaudiya Vaishnavism 1. INTRODUCTION The state of Manipur, in the North-Eastern region of India, currently occupies an area of 22,327 square Nagaland, at its south Mizoram. Assam is to its west and Myanmar is to the east.
  • Vedic Brahmanism and Its Offshoots

    Vedic Brahmanism and Its Offshoots

    Vedic Brahmanism and Its Offshoots Buddhism (Buddha) Followed by Hindūism (Kṛṣṇā) The religion of the Vedic period (also known as Vedism or Vedic Brahmanism or, in a context of Indian antiquity, simply Brahmanism[1]) is a historical predecessor of Hinduism.[2] Its liturgy is reflected in the Mantra portion of the four Vedas, which are compiled in Sanskrit. The religious practices centered on a clergy administering rites that often involved sacrifices. This mode of worship is largely unchanged today within Hinduism; however, only a small fraction of conservative Shrautins continue the tradition of oral recitation of hymns learned solely through the oral tradition. Texts dating to the Vedic period, composed in Vedic Sanskrit, are mainly the four Vedic Samhitas, but the Brahmanas, Aranyakas and some of the older Upanishads (Bṛhadāraṇyaka, Chāndogya, Jaiminiya Upanishad Brahmana) are also placed in this period. The Vedas record the liturgy connected with the rituals and sacrifices performed by the 16 or 17 shrauta priests and the purohitas. According to traditional views, the hymns of the Rigveda and other Vedic hymns were divinely revealed to the rishis, who were considered to be seers or "hearers" (shruti means "what is heard") of the Veda, rather than "authors". In addition the Vedas are said to be "apaurashaya", a Sanskrit word meaning uncreated by man and which further reveals their eternal non-changing status. The mode of worship was worship of the elements like fire and rivers, worship of heroic gods like Indra, chanting of hymns and performance of sacrifices. The priests performed the solemn rituals for the noblemen (Kshsatriya) and some wealthy Vaishyas.
  • Are You Suprised ?

    Are You Suprised ?

    Chapter 2 Physical features 2.1 Geographical Disposition The Pennar (Somasila) – Palar - Cauvery (Grand Anicut) link canal off takes from the existing Somasila reservoir located across the Pennar River near Somasila village in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh state. The link canal is proposed to pass through the Kaluvaya, Rapur, Dakkili, Venkatagiri mandals of Nellore district; Srikalahasti, Thottambedu, Pitchattur and Nagari mandals of Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh state, Tiruttani taluk of Tiruvallur district; Arakonam taluk of Vellore district; Cheyyar and Vandavasi taluks of Tiruvannamalai district; Kancheepuram, Uthiramerur taluks of Kancheepuram district; Tindivanam, Gingee, Villupuram, Tirukoilur taluks of Villupuram district; Ulundurpettai, Vridhachalam, Tittagudi taluks of Cuddalore district; Udaiyarpalayam, Ariyalur taluk of Perambalur district; and Lalgudi taluk of Tiruchchirappalli district of Tamil Nadu state.The link canal alignment passes through Pennar basin, Streams between Pennar and Palar basins, Palar basin and streams between Palar and Cauvery basins. The link canal takes off from the right flank of Somasila dam with a full supply level of 95.420 m. and runs parallel on right side of the Kandaleru flood flow canal, upto RD 10 km. The canal generally runs in south direction till it out-falls into Grand Anicut across Cauvery River at RD 529.190 km. The major rivers that would be crossed by the canal are Swarnamukhi, Arani Ar, Nagari, Palar, Cheyyar, Ponnaiyar, and Vellar. The districts that would be benefited by the link canal through enroute irrigation are Nellore, Chittoor of Andhra Pradesh state and Tiruvallur, Kancheepuram, Vellore, Tiruvannamalai, Villupuram, Cuddalore districts of Tamil Nadu state and Pondicherry (U.T).
  • Genomic DNA Isolation and Purification of Two Endemic Medicinal Plants (Pterocarpus Santalinus Linn.F & Pimpinella Tirupatie

    Genomic DNA Isolation and Purification of Two Endemic Medicinal Plants (Pterocarpus Santalinus Linn.F & Pimpinella Tirupatie

    Journal of Biology and Life Science ISSN 2157-6076 2013, Vol. 4, No. 1 Genomic DNA Isolation and Purification of Two Endemic Medicinal Plants (Pterocarpus Santalinus Linn.F & Pimpinella Tirupatiensis Bal&Subr) of Seshachalam Hills, Tirumala. S. Vipranarayana Department of Environmental Sciences, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi-517 502, A.P., India T.N.V.K.V.Prasad Institute of Frontier Technology, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati-517 502, A.P., India A. Rajinikanth Department of Environmental Sciences, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi-517 502, A.P., India T. Damodharam (Corresponding author) Department of Environmental Sciences, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi-517 502, A.P., India Tel: 91-929-064-8816 E-mail: [email protected] Received: April 10, 2012 Accepted: April 23, 2012 doi:10.5296/jbls.v4i1.1618 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v4i1.1618 115 www.macrothink.org/jbls Journal of Biology and Life Science ISSN 2157-6076 2013, Vol. 4, No. 1 Abstract Ptercarpus santalinus is an important endemic medicinal plant with high medicinal values that interfere with DNA extraction procedures and qualitative, quantitative agaros gel electrophoresis. An effective and low-cost protocol for isolating genomic DNA from the roots of Pterocarpus santilinus and Pimpinella tirupatiensis was described in this paper. It involved a modified CTAB method with distilled water pretreating samples. The A260/A280 absorbance ratio of extracted DNA was found to be free from polysaccharide, poly-phenols and tannins contaminants ranged from 2.2 to 2.8 within the high level of purity. Keywords: Ptercarpus santalinus, DNA extraction, Secondary metabolites Abbreviations: CTAB, hexadecyltrimetylammonium bromide 1.