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Geology of the Classical Karst Region (SW Slovenia–NE Italy)

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Geology of the Classical Karst Region (SW Slovenia–NE Italy) Journal of Maps ISSN: (Print) 1744-5647 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tjom20 Geology of the Classical Karst Region (SW Slovenia–NE Italy) Bogdan Jurkovšek, Sara Biolchi, Stefano Furlani, Tea Kolar-Jurkovšek, Luca Zini, Jernej Jež, Giorgio Tunis, Miloš Bavec & Franco Cucchi To cite this article: Bogdan Jurkovšek, Sara Biolchi, Stefano Furlani, Tea Kolar-Jurkovšek, Luca Zini, Jernej Jež, Giorgio Tunis, Miloš Bavec & Franco Cucchi (2016) Geology of the Classical Karst Region (SW Slovenia–NE Italy), Journal of Maps, 12:sup1, 352-362, DOI: 10.1080/17445647.2016.1215941 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2016.1215941 © 2016 Sara Biolchi View supplementary material Published online: 12 Aug 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 355 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 1 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tjom20 Download by: [University of Trieste] Date: 16 May 2017, At: 01:24 JOURNAL OF MAPS, 2016 VOL. 12, NO. S1, 352–362 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2016.1215941 SCIENCE Geology of the Classical Karst Region (SW Slovenia–NE Italy) Bogdan Jurkovšeka, Sara Biolchib, Stefano Furlanib, Tea Kolar-Jurkovšeka, Luca Zinib, Jernej Ježa, Giorgio Tunisb, Miloš Baveca and Franco Cucchib aGeological Survey of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia; bDepartment of Mathematics and Geosciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The paper aims to present the geology of the western part of the Classical Karst (NW Dinarides), Received 27 May 2016 located at the border between Slovenia and Italy. The work is based on archive, published and Revised 15 July 2016 new data collected by Slovenian and Italian researchers within several scientific national and Accepted 19 July 2016 Cross Border Cooperation projects. The map, produced at a scale of 1:50,000, summarizes the KEYWORDS lithological and structural setting and is supplemented by three geological cross-sections of Geology; Classical Karst; the study area. Kras–Carso; Dinarides; Slovenia; Italy 1. Introduction 2013) and the Italian sides (Regione Autonoma Friuli Venezia Giulia, Servizio Geologico [RAFVG], 2008a, The Classical Karst Region (Kras–Carso) extends 2008b) were produced, together with a number of across the border between SW Slovenia and NE Italy scientific and professional papers (Drobne et al., and has a special place among karst regions in the 1995; Korbar, 2009; Košir, 2003; Ogorelec, Dolenec, world. After the name of this landscape, the inter- & Drobne, 2007; Ogorelec, Drobne, Jurkovšek, Dole- national scientific term karst is generally adopted, nec, & Toman 2001; Ogorelec et al., 1996; Otoničar, along with the first idea that karst is a rocky barren 2007; Tunis et al., 2011; Palci, Jurkovšek, Kolar-Jur- land with a high density of dolines (Gams, 2003). kovšek, & Caldwell, 2008 and references therein for Geological investigations of the region date back to Slovenia; Caffau, Pleničar, Pugliese, & Drobne, 1998; the seventeenth century and continued during the Caffau, Tsakiridou, Colizza, Melis, & Pugliese, 2001; eighteenth and in the beginning of the nineteenth cen- Colizza, Cucchi, & Ulcigrai, 1989; Cucchi, Pirini turies, when studies were focused on karst phenomena. Radrizzani, & Pugliese, 1989; Cucchi, Pugliese, & In the second half of the nineteenth century, Austrian Ulcigrai, 1990; Pugliese et al., 1995; Tarlao,Tunis,& geologists produced a solid basemap of the geologic Venturini, 2005; Tewari et al., 2007 and references structure of the Classical Karst Region and created therein for Italy). the first geological map at a scale 1:75,000 (Stache, The Cross Border Cooperation (CBC) Programme 1889a, 1889b), connected to a synoptic geological Italia-Slovenia 2007-2013 – project HydroKarst and map of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. After World the CBC IPA-ADRIATIC 2007-2013 Programme – War I, Italian geologists (Blasig, 1921; D’Ambrosi, project RoofOfRock allowed harmonization and unifi- 1953; Martinis, 1951; Sacco, 1922) studied the Classical cation of the structural data, stratigraphical units and Karst Region. After World War II, within the context formations of the Classical Karst Region (Cucchi, of the Basic Geological Maps of the former Yugoslavia, Biolchi, Zini, Jurkovšek, & Kolar-Jurkovšek, 2015; at a scale 1:100,000, significant progress in understand- Novak et al., 2015). ing the lithological characteristics and geological struc- Based on all archive and published material along ture of the area was made (Buser, 1968, 1973; Buser, with new surveys, this work aims to present the geo- Grad, & Pleničar, 1967, 1970; Pleničar, Polšak, & logical map at a scale of 1:50,000 of the Classical Šikić, 1969, 1973; Šikić & Pleničar, 1975; Šikić, Pleničar, Karst Region with the related legend, a stratigraphic & Šparica, 1972). column and three geological cross-sections. The map The last period of geological research of the Classi- covers both the Slovenian and Italian sides of the cal Karst Region began in the 1990s and after more Region and is of great importance for its further devel- than two decades of intensive geological research, a opment, for example for hydrogeological perspectives large number of detailed geological maps of the Slove- due to the high fragility of karst land, where the direct nian (Jurkovšek, 2008, 2010, 2013; Jurkovšek et al., connection between surface and subsurface implies 1996; Jurkovšek, Cvetko Tešović, & Kolar-Jurkovšek, very high vulnerability (Parise, Closson, Gutierrez, & CONTACT Sara Biolchi [email protected] © 2016 Sara Biolchi JOURNAL OF MAPS 353 Stevanovic, 2015). Moreover it can be useful for the Dinaric Carbonate Platform (Jurkovšek et al, 1996; planning of engineering works, natural stone extrac- Vlahović,Tišljar, Velić, & Matičec, 2002, 2005)(Figure tion, active tectonics studies, paleontological investi- 1(b)). Through the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, the gations as well as a base tool for the geo-tourism platform was relatively stable and successfully main- development. tained a balance between global sea-level changes and syn-sedimentary tectonics within the dynamic area between the Laurasian and Gondwana continents. In 2. Study area the shallow-water depositional setting, a thick carbon- The Classical Karst Region lies in the northwestern part ate succession was deposited. The similarities between of the External Dinarides, which stretch in a north- carbonate rocks of the Classical Karst Region which west–southeast direction. It represents the northern- were formed on the inner part of the carbonate plat- most sector of the karst territory of the Eastern form, and rocks from many other adjacent areas of Adriatic. The Classical Karst Region plateau is sensu the External Dinarides, suggest that the platform in stricto attributed only to the limestone and dolomite the Early Cretaceous and in the lower part of the area, which is bordered on the west and southwest by Late Cretaceous was paleogeographically homo- alluvial deposits of the river Soča/Isonzo and the flysch geneous. In addition, the close correlation of most stra- sediments of the Trieste Gulf, and on the northeast side tigraphic levels, members and formations with global by the flysch zone of the Vipava valley. In the east, the eustatic events is particularly evident. The events are plateau extends to the valley of the river Reka and the well expressed in the platform sediments. More pro- flysch zone of the Brkini area, whereas on the south, it nounced differentiation of the sedimentary environ- is bordered by the Matarsko Podolje and Čičarija ments started in the upper part of the late (Figure 1(a)). The karst plateau, known as the Cretaceous, just before disintegration of the northern ‘Trieste-Komen plateau’, develops for about 60 km in part of the platform. length and 15 km in width for an area of about 750 km2 and is SE–NW oriented (Kranjc, 1997). 5. Structural setting The Classical Karst Region lies on the northern edge of 3. Methods the Adria lithospheric microplate, which was initially The lithological features represented on the Slovenian connected to the African plate. From the Mesozoic side are mainly derived from the geological maps pub- onwards it became an independent plate (Vrabec, lished by Jurkovšek et al. (1996) and Jurkovšek (2008, Šmuc, Pleničar, & Buser, 2009). 2010, 2013), while for the Italian side from Cucchi The Classical Karst Region, which is the northwes- and Piano (2013) and Cucchi et al. (2015). Tectonic ternmost part of the External Dinarides, forms an features provided by Placer (1981, 2008, 2015), Placer, NW–SE oriented anticlinorium, also named the Vrabec, and Celarc (2010), Del Ben, Finetti, Rebez, and ‘Trieste-Komen anticlinorium’ (Buser, 1973; Jurkov- Slejko (1991), Busetti et al. (2010a, 2010b, 2013), šek et al., 1996; Poljak, 2007). In a strict tectonic Caputo, Poli, and Zanferrari (2010), Carulli (2011), sense, it can also be referred to as the ‘Komen thrust Furlani et al. (2011) and Biolchi, Furlani, Covelli, sheet’ (Placer, 1998). Toward the north and northeast, Busetti, and Cucchi (in press) have been considered it passes in the Gorizia and Vipava synclinorium, and and revised. to the southwest in the Rijeka synclinorium structure. Over the last few decades, numerous sedimentologi- The anticlinorium is dissected into smaller tectonic cal, micro- and macropaleontological analyses were blocks with numerous steep strike-slip
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