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Technologies in Mangrove-Friendly Aquaculture

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Technologies in Mangrove-Friendly Aquaculture TECHNOLOGIES IN MANGROVE-FRIENDLY AQUACULTURE Final Report of and Papers Presented to the On-Site Training on Mangrove-Friendly Aquaculture Hai Phong City, Socialist Republic of Vietnam 19-30 April 1999 Aquaculture Department Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines March 2000 TECHNOLOGIES IN MANGROVE-FRIENDLY AQUACULTURE Prepared by: Yasuho Tadokoro Former Deputy Department Chief (June 1996-May 1999) SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines and V.T. Sulit Special Assistant to the Chief SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines with the assistance of Rosario B. Abastillas Clerk II SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines This Final Report replaces the Advance Copy which was issued in M ay 1999. SEAFDEC/AQD. 2000. Technologies in Mangrove-Friendly Aquaculture. Final Report of and Papers Presented to the On- Site Training on Mangrove-Friendly Aquaculture, Hai Phong City, Socialist Republic of Vietnam, 19-30 April 1999; SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department, Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines. 300p. This document contains the final report o f and papers presented as lecture materials, to the On-Site Training on Mangrove-Friendly Aquaculture held in Hai Phong City, Socialist Republic of Vietnam from 19 to 30 April 1999. This document replaces the Advance Copy o f the Report issued in May 1999. Fourteen experts on mangroves and aquaculture served as lecturers and resource persons. Technologies in Mangrove-Friendly Aquaculture, in general were introduced, taking into consideration the results of the Workshop on Mangrove-Friendly Aquaculture, 11-15 January 1999, Iloilo City, Philippines. The On-Site Training was participated in by 25 participants; 20 from Vietnam and 5 from Cambodia. The conduct of the On-Site draining was an offshoot o f the Project SD/AQ99-CM01 with the SEAFDEC Secretariat which also allocated the necessary funds from the Japanese Trust Fund. The Canada- A SE A N Centre based in Singapore provided funds fo r the participation o f the trainees from the Kingdom o f Cambodia. The On-Site Training, hosted by the Research Institute of Marine Products (RIM P) o f the M inistry o f Fisheries, Vietnam, was coordinated by Prof. Dr. Bui Dinh Chung for RIMP and Mr . Yasuho Tadokoro fo r AQD who also served as Chair of the On-Site draining Steering Committee. Ms. Virgilia T. Sulit of AQD served as Co-Chair for Administration and Secretariat, while AQD ’s Dr. Jurgenne H. Primavera served as Member fo r the Scientific Program and AQD ’s Ms. Kaylin G. Corre as Member for draining Matters. CONTENTS → Acknowledgment i → Foreword ii → Mangrove-Friendly Aquaculture Program: Background Information iii → The On-Site Training on Mangrove-Friendly Aquaculture viii • Opening Ceremonies of the On-Site Training: Pictorial ix → Report of the On-Site Training on Mangrove-Friendly Aquaculture: Summary 1 • Introduction 1 • Lecture Sessions 2 • Field Trips 6 • Group Presentation 6 • Recommendations and Strategies 7 • Evaluation of the Training 7 • Concluding Matters 8 • The Participants: Pictorial 10 • The Resource Persons 12 → Wise Use of Technologies of Mangrove-Friendly Aquaculture: The Lecture Papers 17 • Impacts of Brackishwater Pond Culture on the Mangrove Ecosystem 18 • A Wise Use Technology of Mangrove-Friendly Aquaculture in Indonesia: Silvofishery 35 Wise Use Technologies in Mangrove-Friendly Aquaculture: Vietnam Experience 41 • Legal Framework for Mangrove-Friendly Aquaculture: Vietnam Experience 70 • The Philippine Legal Framework on Silvofisheries 77 • Community-based Mangrove-Friendly Aquaculture: Philippine Experience 91 Mangrove-Friendly Marine Shrimp Aquaculture Technology: Thailand Experience 103 • The Role of Mangrove Ecosystems and Coastal Aquaculture in the Life of People in Coastal Mangrove Areas 120 • Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Management: Approach to the Adoption of Mangrove-Friendly Aquaculture 146 • Aqua-Mangrove Integrated farming: Shrimp and Mud Crab Culture in Coastal and Inland Tidal Flats with Existing Reforested or natural growth of Mangroves 157 • Wise use of important Mollusc Species in Mangrove Areas: Malaysia 189 • Aquaculture of Shellfish in Vietnam 199 • Marine Fish-Mangrove Aquaculture 204 • Culture Technologies for Some Economically Important Seaweeds 214 → Reference Paper 241 • Mangrove Aquaculture: Philippine Experience 242 → Field Trips 249 • Itineraries 250 • Pictorial 251 → The Group Presentation 252 • Summary 253 • Group I: North Vietnam 256 • Group II: Central Vietnam 257 • Group III: Southern Vietnam 258 • Group IV: Cambodia 259 • List of Grouped Participants 263 → Annexes 264 1 - The Participants and Observers 265 2 - The Resource Persons 269 3 - The Support Staff 273 4 - Summary of General Information 274 5 - Recapitulation 288 6 - Summary of Evaluation 291 7 - Message of Mr. Nguyen Ngoc Hong 294 8 - Message of Mr. Panu Tavarutmaneegul 296 9 - Closing Remarks of Mr. Masao Shimomura 299 ACKNOWLEDGMENT On behalf of the organizers, the Aquaculture Department (AQD) of the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC) extends its gratitude to various offices and agencies for their cooperation and support in the organization and implementation of the on-site training in Hai Phong, Vietnam. AQD is specifically grateful to the Government o f Japan for the allocation of special funds for the on-site training and especially for promoting the conservation of mangrove resources in the region; to the SEAFDEC Council for considering the implementation of the on-site training in particular, and AQD’s mangrove-friendly aquaculture program, in general; the Government o f Canada through the Canada-ASEAN Centre and its ASEAN Canada Fund for supporting the Cambodian representatives to the on-site training; the A SE A N Sectoral Working Group on Fisheries and the ASEAN Secretariat for their support; and the Government o f Vietnam through the Research Institute of Marine Products (RIMP) for hosting the training and providing technical and administrative support, and also through the Ministry of Fisheries for providing the Vietnamese resource persons, and the Vietnamese representatives to the training. AQD is also grateful to the Government o f Cambodia through its Department of Fisheries for the participation of five Cambodian representatives; the Government o f Indonesia through the Directorate General of Fisheries, the Government of Malaysia through the Department of Fisheries Malaysia, and the Government o f Thailand through its Department of Fisheries, for providing resource persons; and the Government o f the Philippines through the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, and the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources for also providing resource persons. AQD also appreciated the assistance of the SEAFDEC Secretariat in terms of technical and administrative support; the resource persons for sharing their time and experiences, and for their efforts; the interpreters for their valuable services; and the RIMP and AQD staff for their tireless support. AQD also wishes to thank all those who supported the on-site training behind the scene but who may have been omitted in the above mentioned list. i FOREWORD The Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC), a regional treaty organization established in 1967, conducts research and development in appropriate technologies that would contribute to increased fishery and aquaculture production at sustainable levels. The Member Countries of SEAFDEC are Brunei Darussalam, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The Aquaculture Department (AQD) based in the Philippines, is one of the four departments of SEAFDEC. The other three are the Training Department in Thailand, the Marine Fisheries Research Department in Singapore, and the Marine fishery Resources Development and Management Department in Malaysia. AQD was established in 1973 to conduct research, develop technologies, disseminate information, and train people in the farming of fishes, crustaceans, molluscs, and seaweeds for food, livelihood, and equity in the context of sustainable development. I n response to the worldwide c a ll fo r the conservation and promotion o f the mangrove resources in the region, SEAFDEC, with financial support from the Government of Japan, approved in 1998 the implementation by AQD of a five-year Mangrove-Friendly Aquaculture Program. This is part of SEAFDEC's effort towards the wise use of the mangrove areas without necessarily sacrificing aquaculture development. The Mangrove-Friendly Aquaculture Program of AQD as revised in November 1999, focuses on shrimp culture in mangrove areas. It comprises research, verification and pitot demonstration, and information dissemination; and aims to: (a) assess the mangrove-friendly aquaculture technologies in the region; (b) assess pitot projects or models on mangrove-friendly aquaculture; (c) prepare manuals on recommended methodology for appropriate models or systems; (d) publish for dissemination and implementation in the region of appropriate design or system for mangrove-friendly aquaculture; and (e) transfer the technology and methodology on mangrove-friendly aquaculture to the region. The ultimate goal of the Program is to formulate the Code of Practice on Mangrove-Friendly Aquaculture for the region. The on-site training on mangrove-friendly aquaculture conducted in Vietnam aimed to impart and exchange information on aquaculture
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