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Estudios De Mercado El Mercado De Los Automóvi- Les En Malasia

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Estudios De Mercado El Mercado De Los Automóvi- Les En Malasia Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Malasia El mercado de los Automóvi- les en Malasia 1 Estudios de Mercado El mercado de los Automóvi- les en Malasia Este estudio ha sido realizado por Joaquín Monreal bajo la supervisión de la Oficina Económica y Co- 2 Estudios de Mercado mercial de la Embajada de España en Kuala Lumpur Agosto de 2006 EL MERCADO DE LOS AUTOMOVILES EN MALASIA ÍNDICE RESUMEN Y PRINCIPALES CONCLUSIONES 4 I. INTRODUCCIÓN 5 1. Definición y características del sector y subsectores relacionados 5 2. Situación del sector en españa 8 II. ANÁLISIS DE LA OFERTA 10 1. Análisis cuantitativo 10 1.1. Tamaño de la oferta 10 2. Análisis cualitativo 12 2.1. Producción 12 2.2. Precios 14 2.3. Importaciones 16 2.4. Obstáculos comerciales: La NAP 29 2.5. El sistema de permisos para la matriculación 30 III. ANÁLISIS DEL COMERCIO 31 1. Canales de distribución 31 IV. ANÁLISIS DE LA DEMANDA 33 1. Evaluación del volumen de la demanda 33 1.1. Coyuntura económica. 33 1.2. Infraestucturas 34 1.3. Tendencias del consumo y situación del mercado nacional 34 1.4. Tendencias industriales 39 2. Estructura del mercado 39 3. Percepción del producto español 39 V. ANEXOS 41 1. Ensambladores de automóviles 41 2. Distribuidores y concesionarios 46 3. Informes de ferias 56 Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Kuala Lumpur 3 EL MERCADO DE LOS AUTOMOVILES EN MALASIA RESUMEN Y PRINCIPALES CONCLUSIONES La industria de la automoción en Malasia es junto con la electrónica la industria más impor- tante en el sector manufacturero de Malasia, y de los más importantes dentro del Sudeste Asiático. Malasia es el mayor mercado de vehículos de la zona Asean, con más de 500.000 vehículos vendidos anualmente. Si a esto se le une que España es el tercer productor de tu- rismos en la Unión Europea y el primer productor de vehículos industriales, resulta obvio que este mercado ofrece grandes oportunidades para los fabricantes de automóviles y para los fabricantes de piezas y componentes. El otro hecho destacable que hace de Malasia un mercado muy atractivo para las empresas españolas es el anuncio por el Gobierno de la última versión de la nueva Ley del sector, la denominada Nacional Automotive Policy (NAP) el pasado 22 de Marzo de 2006, en la que el Gobierno, con la intención de crear un campo de juego equilibrado e incentivar la inversión directa extranjera (IDE) de fabricantes extranjeros, reforma el sistema impositivo sobre los fabricantes de automóviles, componentes y partes, tanto nacionales como extranjeros. Esta nueva Ley beneficia a los principales actores del sector automovilístico: -En primer lugar a los fabricantes que esperan que los márgenes de beneficio se amplíen al reducirse los costes; -En segundo lugar, a la economía malasia, pues las medidas impulsarán la in- tención del Gobierno de convertir a Malasia como un centro para la industria del mo- tor; - Finalmente, al consumidor, pues esta reducción de costes se verá reflejado en unos precios más bajos; En los últimos diez años el mercado ha crecido en torno a un 20 % anual, a pesar de que en los últimos años ha habido un frenazo en el mercado debido a la coyuntura económica asiá- tica. El sector del automóvil está en transformación, y se espera que a largo plazo se noten los efectos de la nueva ley del sector. En este sentido se prevé un aumento en las ventas anuales totales, y en particular, de la cuota de mercado copada por los vehículos importa- dos. Por lo tanto, el mercado de Malasia de los automóviles y componentes, por su volumen y progresiva apertura se constituye como un mercado muy atractivo para las empresas del sector. Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Kuala Lumpur 4 EL MERCADO DE LOS AUTOMOVILES EN MALASIA I. INTRODUCCIÓN 1. DEFINICIÓN Y CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL SECTOR Y SUBSECTORES RELACIONADOS El objeto de este estudio es el análisis del mercado de los automóviles en Malasia. Dada la naturaleza del proceso productivo de los automóviles, esta investigación engloba una amplia variedad de productos, que enumeramos en la tabla siguiente: Códigos TARIC de los productos analizados en el estudio Sección XVII – Material de transporte Capítulo 87 – Vehículos automóviles, tractores, ciclos y demás vehículos terrestres, sus partes y accesorios Código TARIC Descripción 8701 Tractores (excepto las carretillas tractor de la partida 8709) 8702 Vehículos automóviles para el transporte de diez personas o más, con- ductor incluido 8703 Coches de turismo y demás vehículos automóviles proyectados princi- palmente para el transporte de personas (excepto los de la partida 8702), incluidos los vehículos del tipo familiar y los de carreras 8704 Vehículos automóviles para el transporte de mercancías 8705 Vehículos automóviles para usos especiales (excepto los concebidos principalmente para transporte de personas o mercancías)(por ejemplo: coches para reparaciones [auxilio mecánico] camiones grúa, camiones de bomberos, camiones hormigonera, coches barredera, coches espar- cidores, coches taller, coches radiológicos) 8706 Chasis de vehículos automóviles de las partidas 8701 a 8705, con el mo- tor Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Kuala Lumpur 5 EL MERCADO DE LOS AUTOMOVILES EN MALASIA 8707 Carrocerías de vehículos de las partidas 8701 a 8705, incluso las cabinas 8708 Partes y accesorios de vehículos automóviles de las partidas 8701 a 8705 - 8708 10 - Parachoques y sus partes - 8708 21 - Las demás partes y accesorios de carrocería (incluidas las cabinas) - 8708 31 - Frenos y servofrenos, y sus partes - 8708 40 - Cajas de cambio - 8708 50 - Ejes con diferencial, incluso con otros órganos de transmisión - 8708 60 - Ejes portadores y sus partes - 8708 70 - Ruedas y sus partes y accesorios - 8708 80 - Amortiguadores de suspensión - 8708 90 - Las demás partes y accesorios - - 8708 91 - - Radiadores - - 8708 92 - - Silenciadores y tubos de escape - - 8708 93 - - Embragues y sus partes - - 8708 94 - - Volantes, columnas y cajas, de dirección - - 8708 99 - - Los demás - - - 8708 99 11 - - - Destinados a la industria del montaje de los motocultores de la sub- partida 8701 10, de los vehículos automóviles de la partida 8703, de los vehículos automóviles de la partida 8704, con motor de émbolo (pistón), de encendido por compresión (diesel o semidiesel), de cilindrada inferior o igual a 2 500 cm3, o con motor de émbolo (pistón) de encendido por chispa, de cilindrada inferior o igual a 2 800 cm3, de los vehículos auto- móviles de la partida 8705 - - - 8708 99 30 - - - Las demás - - - - 8708 99 30 - - - - Barras estabilizadoras - - - - 8708 99 50 - - - - Barras de torsión - - - - 8708 99 92 - - - - Los demás - - - - - 8708 99 92 - - - - - De acero estampado - - - - - 8708 99 98 - - - - - Los demás Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Kuala Lumpur 6 EL MERCADO DE LOS AUTOMOVILES EN MALASIA 8709 Carretillas automóvil sin dispositivo de elevación del tipo de las utilizadas en fábricas, almacenes, puertos o aeropuertos, para el transporte de mercancías a corta distancia; carretillas tractor del tipo de las utilizadas en las estaciones; partes 8711 Motocicletas, incluidos los ciclomotores, y velocípedos equipados con motor auxiliar, con sidecar o sin él; sidecares 8714 Partes y accesorios de los vehículos de las partidas 8711 a 8713 8716 Remolques y semirremolques para cualquier vehículo; los demás vehícu- los no automóviles; partes Fuente: www.taric.es Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Kuala Lumpur 7 EL MERCADO DE LOS AUTOMOVILES EN MALASIA 2. SITUACIÓN DEL SECTOR EN ESPAÑA La industria del automóvil ha constituido a lo largo de la historia de nuestro país y de Europa uno de los pilares básicos de la economía. En España representa más del 6% del producto interior bruto y casi la cuarta parte de las exportaciones totales del país. Asimismo, emplea al 11% de la población activa y el Estado recauda del automóvil más de 21.000 millones de eu- ros anuales. En los últimos años el sector de automoción en España ha experimentado una importante recuperación en cifras de mercado nacional, producción y exportación y en este momento, España cuenta con un sector de automoción enormemente desarrollado y en pri- mera fila mundial en cuanto a niveles y diversidad de producciones (turismos, todo terreno, vehículos comerciales ligeros y pesados). Según los datos proporcionados por ANFAC, la Asociación Nacional de Fabricantes de Au- tomóviles y Camiones, el sector fabricante de vehículos es uno de los principales sectores de la economía española con una contribución al PIB del 5,8%. El 10,5% de la población ac- tiva corresponde al sector de automoción y genera aproximadamente una cuarta parte de las ventas españolas al exterior. España es el tercer productor de turismos en la Unión Europea y el primer productor de vehículos industriales. En los últimos años la inversión de los fabricantes de vehículos instalados en España ha al- canzado los 8.500 millones de euros y se ha destinado en su mayor parte a la adaptación y modernización de las fábricas para la producción de los nuevos modelos asignados. La ampliación de la Unión Europea con diez nuevos miembros implica retos y oportunidades para la industria del automóvil: Por un lado, estos países cuentan con un gran mercado po- tencial de automóviles como consecuencia del entorno económico en expansión, la baja ta- sa de motorización y la elevada antigüedad de su parque de vehículos. Estos países tienen además unos costes logísticos inferiores al estar más cerca de los principales mercados de destino de la producción española, un coste de la mano de obra que es un tercio del español y disponen de personal muy cualificado. Por otro lado, no hay que olvidar que el tratamiento fiscal es muy favorable comparado con la UE-15.
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