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Annual Report 2015 Forschungszentrum Jülich at a Glance Contents Annual Report 2015 Forschungszentrum Jülich at a glance Contents U 2 Facts and Figures 0 2 Highlights 0 4 Board of Directors 0 5 Preface 0 6 60 Years of Research R e s e a r c h at the Centre 22 Climate Research Climate goals. Climate Records. Climate Models. 1 4 Chronology 28 Nanoelectronics Insights into the Resistance Generation 32 Energy Research Breaking New Ground in the Hydrogen World 36 Materials Research The Slipperiness Formula 38 Structural Biochemistry New Light Switch for Nerve Cells 40 Electron Tomography Nanoworld in 3D 42 Brain Research Changes in the Brain Caused by Depression 44 Climate Research A Chance Discovery for Climate Research 46 Computer Simulation The Birth of Elements 48 Materials Research New Steel for Energiewende 5 0 Research in Brief 5 2 Publications Cooperation 5 4 The Computer Diplomat 5 8 International Cooperations (EU) 59 National Cooperations 6 0 Collaborations with Industry 6 1 JARA – Combined Expertise 6 4 Cooperations in Brief 6 8 Research for Practical Applications 7 0 Patents and Licenses P e o p l e 7 2 The Tinkerer and the Networker 7 4 Promoting Young Talent 8 2 Personnel 8 4 Accolades 8 6 Professorial Appointments Campus 8 8 Strategy Process of Forschungszentrum Jülich 98 Finances 9 0 Jülich’s Sustainable Campus 1 0 2 Bodies and Committees 9 1 Excellent Platforms 1 0 4 Organization Chart 9 4 Work at Other Locations 1 0 6 Contact Information/ Publication Details U3 Impressions from 60 Years of Research Forschungszentrum Jülich Annual Report 2015 1 Highlights 2015 Forschungszentrum Jülich is focused on use-inspired basic research. It faces up to the challenges of the present and researches for a future worth living. As a member of the Helmholtz Association, Forschungszentrum Jülich counts among the major interdisciplinary research centres in Europe. Employees 10 years of JuLab 2,048 scientists incl. around 40,000 school students total university students 3,636 other 5,684 158 77 patents granted new patent applications Horizon 2020 EU projects from the framework programme for research and innovation 2 6 of which ERC Consolidator Grants coordinated total by Jülich 43 1 ERC Advanced Grant 2 Forschungszentrum Jülich Annual Report 2015 41,12 9 1,041 total usage time in hours visiting scientists of all devices in the Helmholtz Nanoelectronic Facility from 68 countries 1.4 1,73 8 300 funding turnover publications tonnes of CO2saved at Project Management Jülich in billions of euros in peer-reviewed journals through new Jülich mobility concept 42 30.2 DFG programmes percent women coordinated by Jülich among early-career scientists Revenues in millions of euros 122 total joint professorial 238.4 third-party funding appointments 615.7 with universities; of which 15 new in 2015 ForschungszentrumForschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Annual Annual Report Report 2015 2015 3 Board of Directors Professor Dr.-Ing. Harald Bolt Professor Dr. Sebastian M. Schmidt Member of the Board of Directors Member of the Board of Directors Professor Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Marquardt Karsten Beneke Chairman of the Board of Directors Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors 4 Forschungszentrum Jülich Annual Report 2015 Preface Communicating with one another is essential. These kinds of challenges for the future take This is certainly the case for the strategic reori- on global dimensions; but what happens at entation of Forschungszentrum Jülich as well as Forschungszentrum Jülich also has a direct im- for the neighbouring contacts in the region and pact on the surrounding region. Since spring for research with many international partners. 2015, the Neighbourhood Dialogue initiated by Forschungszentrum Jülich has been discussing Since the beginning of 2015, there has been a what kind of an impact Jülich can have. The fo- lively debate at Forschungszentrum Jülich taking cus here is on the perspectives for young people place in discussion forums, employee surveys, from the region as well as on the issue of how and during a two-day strategy conference with the town can improve its appeal, for instance respect to what the focus of future topics and for young scientists from abroad. One contribu- research should be. The subjects “energy” and tion to the dialogue is of course the Open Day at “information” have emerged as pioneering topics Forschungszentrum Jülich. In 2016, the motto of for the future. We are therefore tackling two ma- the Open Day was “60 Years – Research at the jor challenges facing society: the transformation Centre: Past – Present – Future”. of the energy sector and the increasing level of digitization. Dialogue and international networking are essen- tial aspects of scientific research. The fact that The decision regarding how these challenges Jülich is a central hub in this regard is underlined can be overcome lies in the hands of the politi- by the large number of projects we are involved cal sphere. Forschungszentrum Jülich’s duty is to in within the EU Horizon 2020 research and in- provide the relevant bodies and decision makers novation programme as well our successful co- with scientific findings and results. We therefore ordination of the DEEP and DEEP-ER supercom- rely on regular exchanges with politicians – be puter projects. It is these projects in particular this through information events, activities as ex- that demonstrate how only through constant dia- pert advisers, or participation in various bodies logue can the major issues of the future and the such as the German Ethics Council. Jülich scien- associated scientific challenges be overcome. tists contributed, for instance, to the IPCC report We here at Jülich will continue to make our fair on climate change, which was an important as- contribution. pect of the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris. Forschungszentrum Jülich Annual Report 2015 5 BRAIN ENVIRONMENT ENER GY INFORMATION Green IT Structural Battery & biology Bioeconomy storage Data systems science Nuclear Future Biophysics waste information Quantum technologies Neuroscience management High- technology performance materials Plant Fuel cells Climate research research 1990 Simulation renamed science “Forschungszentrum Jülich” Micro- & Imaging Photo- nanoelectronics techniques Systems voltaics (PET/MRT) research Bio- Fusion Atmospheric technology Materials Neuro- research chemistry biology research Energy research & High-performance Soil research reactor technology computing Information Particle physics technology Nuclear (e.g. with neutrons, had rons) chemistry Nuclear medicine Life sciences (biology, agriculture) Physics (plasma & nuclear physics, Applied neutron research) Chemistry mathematics 1961 renamed “Nuclear Research Centre Jülich” (KFA) Nuclear Research 11 December 1956 Decision by NRW state parliament 6 to build a nuclear research facility BRAIN ENVIRONMENT ENER GY INFORMATION BRANCHES OF KNOWLEDGE Green IT Structural Battery & biology Bioeconomy storage Data Since its foundation in 1956, For- systems science schungszentrum Jülich has been stead- ily growing – but as the graphic shows, Nuclear Future this growth has not been haphazard. Biophysics waste information Quantum technologies Jülich’s seed is nuclear research, from Neuroscience management High- technology performance which have developed various branch- materials es. Researchers work on the topic of radioactivity, ranging from radiation-re- sistant reactor materials to radioactive Plant Fuel cells Climate research tracers for medicine and agriculture. research 1990 Simulation Over the years, this expertise has also renamed science been used in non-nuclear fields. The “Forschungszentrum Jülich” widespread crown is formed with the Micro- & main topics comprising information Imaging Photo- nanoelectronics and the brain as well as energy and the techniques Systems voltaics (PET/MRT) research environment. An increasing number of branches are crossing several sections, highlighting the interdisciplinary nature Bio- Fusion of Jülich research. Atmospheric technology Materials Neuro- research chemistry biology research Energy research & High-performance 1956 – 1970 Soil research reactor technology computing Information Particle physics technology FOUNDATION AND OPERATION Nuclear (e.g. with neutrons, had rons) chemistry 1970 – 1990 Nuclear EXPANSION AND FURTHER DEVELOPMENT medicine Life sciences (biology, agriculture) Physics (plasma & nuclear physics, 1990 – 2016 Applied neutron research) Chemistry mathematics ORIENTATION ALONG SOCIAL CHALLENGES 1961 renamed “Nuclear Research Centre Jülich” (KFA) Nuclear Research 11 December 1956 Decision by NRW state parliament to build a nuclear research facility Forschungszentrum Jülich Annual Report 2015 7 1956 –19 7 0 FOUNDATION AND OPERATION In December 1956, the state parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) decided to build an “atomic research establishment” in Jülich. The founders’ main objective was the use of all nuclear research for peaceful purposes. Leo Brandt, a Social Demo- cratic policy-maker on science issues, became the facility’s first director. The research reactors start- ed operation in 1962. Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ver- suchsreaktor GmbH (AVR), a joint venture involv- ing 15 energy companies, built a high-temperature reactor with spherical fuel elements next to the site of the establishment, which by then had been 1956 1957 1958 1959 renamed Nuclear Research Establishment of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia (KFA). The reactor was operated from 1967 until 1988. Jülich scien- State Parliament Foundation stones of NRW resolves to laid for the research
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