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Naga Community in Nagaland: a Historiography

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Naga Community in Nagaland: a Historiography Suraj Punj Journal For Multidisciplinary Research ISSN NO: 2394-2886 THE SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECT OF FOLKLORE AND FOLKTALES AMONG AO- NAGA COMMUNITY IN NAGALAND: A HISTORIOGRAPHY Yimsusangla Longkumer, MA Final Year Reg. No 11719105, Department of history, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Jalandhar, Punjab Abstract: There is a long history of folklore and folktales in the human civilization. Through the course of modernization and westernization people usually tend to forget the great tales and stories of one’s own past. But in the late 20th century scholars have now shifted their interest in their culture and social history for the attainment of knowledge and how one own society was depicted by the great men. This research deals with the socio-cultural aspect of folklore and folktales among the Ao-Naga community. It explores the evolution its impact and cultural sustenance among them. Firstly, this article talks about the life and structure of Naga society, its focus on the literacy, education and population. Main focus on this research is to have an overall outlook of Nagaland as a whole but particularly the Ao-Naga community. Secondly, the lore's, tales and the concept of exchanging their knowledge is the main aim of this research. This article dwells with variety of tales, myths of ancestral stories that were passed on among the people with its acceptance of understanding and how it plays an important role in their lives in new time and space. Key words: Folklore, folktales, society, community. Volume 9, Issue 5, 2019 Page No: 70 Suraj Punj Journal For Multidisciplinary Research ISSN NO: 2394-2886 Introduction: Over the decades Naga’s folklore and folktales has become an important source to gain knowledge about their culture and society. One cannot deny the fact that it is important to learn and understand regional history in India. Scholars in Nagaland have witnessed a wide range of revelation in the past years to explore the culture of the Naga’s. Though there are many scholars yet very little work is done on the folklore and folk tales of Nagaland. There are the great tales of the beautiful culture and the vibrant taste of victorious past of Nagaland. Naga’s does not have much written records; the art of writing down the history was ignored. Oral tradition was one of the main bases for educating the youths. Morung which is a male dormitory is evident in almost all the places it was like an education centers for the males to gather together and tell stories. Christianity brought the age of educating the youths; this was the learned people started to understand and then only come the age of recording and writing down the histories. With the spread of nationalism in India, various states increased their interest in the regional history. This letter brought for the identity from their past. This took the form of a desire to re-establish an identity of a social group to which they belong. Therefore, this research paper tends to see the history of a community as a whole. Objectives: 1. To explore the historiography of Naga in general and AO-Naga in particular with special reference to society, culture. 2. To examine the AO-Naga history through folklore and folktales. 3. To analyze the present social changes and trends in AO- Naga community. Area of the study: The study area will be the state of Nagaland which is situated in the North eastern part of India. This research will cover the origin and evolution of Naga tribes along with their traditional folklore and folk tales. This research will help us to have a better understanding of Naga tribes and the complex histories by taking the help of some prominent source. Volume 9, Issue 5, 2019 Page No: 71 Suraj Punj Journal For Multidisciplinary Research ISSN NO: 2394-2886 Sources: India indicating Nagaland Administrative Atlas Volume 01, Census Commission 2011 from office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, (MHA) India. Accessed on 24.04.2019. Volume 9, Issue 5, 2019 Page No: 72 Suraj Punj Journal For Multidisciplinary Research ISSN NO: 2394-2886 Sources: Nagaland Administrative Atlas Volume 01, Census Commission 2011 from office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, (MHA) India. Accessed on 24.04.2019 Disclaimer: The author/s do not have a better resolution of this map/figure. Research Methodology: This research is mainly based on historical, qualitative and some analytical methods. Both the use of primary and secondary sources has been focused in this paper. More emphasis was given on oral tradition with folklore and folktales. Museums, library, and state archives papers as well as reports etc are the main sources for completing this research. The making of Naga society and culture: Naga’s are like a joint family, living under the same roof with many distinctive tribes yet there is always a similarity between each of them. Naga’s follows the patriarchal system where male is Volume 9, Issue 5, 2019 Page No: 73 Suraj Punj Journal For Multidisciplinary Research ISSN NO: 2394-2886 the head or the dominion of the family. Since ancient times the male were the one to make all the decisions and always led the family or the village in front. Even today the male dominated society among the Naga’s has been an important characteristic of the Naga society. But with the better age in time women has started to participate in various activities like taking part in elections or aiming for a higher post in any firm. Agriculture is the main occupation of the Naga society. They solely depend on the agriculture for their livelihood. But with the passage of time people started pursing more of government jobs and private business. Ambitious minds have crept into the society and this in turn has led the society into a more civilized and better economy for the people. Family is the basic unit of the Naga society. And the family is often dominated but the male head of the family. In Naga society marriages are monogamous and consider a high virtue among them. Marriage within the same surname is not allowed as it is considered as a taboo. Land and property are often passed on to the male child while the mother’s ornaments and all the little things are given to the daughters. Naga’s are experts in craftsmen; they mostly decorate their villages with the help of the craftsmen’s. Almost all the women are known to weaving. Naga’s are always favorable to colors when it comes to any work with this, we can see the colorful shawls and headgears. Their jewelry is also remarkable in fact their rich in this type has always attracted the outsiders to know more about the society and what it signifies. Morung which is a male dormitory is evident in almost all the places as it was like a meeting hub for the males to gather together and tell stories. Though the building of the Morung is different but the idea and techniques are all the same. Christianity is the main religion that is followed among the Naga’s. Recently the motto “Nagaland for Christ” has begun and it is the main motive of the church to reach out to everyone who belongs to the state Nagaland. There are also people who follow different types of religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam etc. There is a religious toleration among the people. But leaving aside the good deeds Naga society has been truly deprived. Corruption is rampant, bribery has become like a daily bread, the rich culture is slowly diminishing; drunkards and drug addicts are increasing. The backbone of Naga’s seemed to be breaking down. Unless there is an awakening, the Naga’s will soon turn into moral and spiritual invalids an economic and political parasite. Volume 9, Issue 5, 2019 Page No: 74 Suraj Punj Journal For Multidisciplinary Research ISSN NO: 2394-2886 Folklore and folk tales of Naga’s a new subject of history: Folklore and folktales are essentially stories that were told to society by their parents from generation to generation by mouth for the purpose of educating and to know about the historical and mythical events incurred by our elders and these stories has been infuse to us during our childhood. This are important because they were the earliest form of educating one another as there was no mass media, communication, radio or TV. So, people have to tell this tales for educating and for promoting the culture exchange of ideas and views. This often led to the broadening of imaginations and amuses the children. Today we have books and literature about these stories educating the lost youths. People love stories, myths, magic’s, and romance and in 21st centuries we have movies, documentaries and other sorts of things and materials to satisfy our needs. The methods and techniques have evolved but the stories stay the same with the same intentions as our ancestors had when they told them to their children. Historically Naga’s have a great past with many stories to be told. In the history of Naga’s, Nagaland was a small state comprising of naked tribal living among them. The most remarkable way of defining Naga’s was that they were the “Head Hunters”. This has been recorded in many of the folklore and folk tales. Nagas’s being tribal have a good number of stories that were told to children. This was the first type of education among them. They would often gather in the Morung’s near the bonfire and stories were exchanged as a form of learning.
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