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The Epic Imagination in Contemporary Indian Literature
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School May 2017 Modern Mythologies: The picE Imagination in Contemporary Indian Literature Sucheta Kanjilal University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the South and Southeast Asian Languages and Societies Commons Scholar Commons Citation Kanjilal, Sucheta, "Modern Mythologies: The pE ic Imagination in Contemporary Indian Literature" (2017). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6875 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Modern Mythologies: The Epic Imagination in Contemporary Indian Literature by Sucheta Kanjilal A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy with a concentration in Literature Department of English College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Gurleen Grewal, Ph.D. Gil Ben-Herut, Ph.D. Hunt Hawkins, Ph.D. Quynh Nhu Le, Ph.D. Date of Approval: May 4, 2017 Keywords: South Asian Literature, Epic, Gender, Hinduism Copyright © 2017, Sucheta Kanjilal DEDICATION To my mother: for pencils, erasers, and courage. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS When I was growing up in New Delhi, India in the late 1980s and the early 1990s, my father was writing an English language rock-opera based on the Mahabharata called Jaya, which would be staged in 1997. An upper-middle-class Bengali Brahmin with an English-language based education, my father was as influenced by the mythological tales narrated to him by his grandmother as he was by the musicals of Broadway impressario Andrew Lloyd Webber. -
From Secular Democracy to Hindu Rashtra Gita Sahgal*
Feminist Dissent Hindutva Past and Present: From Secular Democracy to Hindu Rashtra Gita Sahgal* *Correspondence: secularspaces@ gmail.com Abstract This essay outlines the beginnings of Hindutva, a political movement aimed at establishing rule by the Hindu majority. It describes the origin myths of Aryan supremacy that Hindutva has developed, alongside the campaign to build a temple on the supposed birthplace of Ram, as well as the re-writing of history. These characteristics suggest that it is a far-right fundamentalist movement, in accordance with the definition of fundamentalism proposed by Feminist Dissent. Finally, it outlines Hindutva’s ‘re-imagining’ of Peer review: This article secularism and its violent campaigns against those it labels as ‘outsiders’ has been subject to a double blind peer review to its constructed imaginary of India. process Keywords: Hindutva, fundamentalism, secularism © Copyright: The Hindutva, the fundamentalist political movement of Hinduism, is also a Authors. This article is issued under the terms of foundational movement of the 20th century far right. Unlike its European the Creative Commons Attribution Non- contemporaries in Italy, Spain and Germany, which emerged in the post- Commercial Share Alike License, which permits first World War period and rapidly ascended to power, Hindutva struggled use and redistribution of the work provided that to gain mass acceptance and was held off by mass democratic movements. the original author and source are credited, the The anti-colonial struggle as well as Left, rationalist and feminist work is not used for commercial purposes and movements recognised its dangers and mobilised against it. Their support that any derivative works for anti-fascism abroad and their struggles against British imperialism and are made available under the same license terms. -
Concerned Citizens Tribunal - Gujarat 2002 an Inquiry Into the Carnage in Gujarat
Concerned Citizens Tribunal - Gujarat 2002 An inquiry into the carnage in Gujarat Hate Speech The carnage in Gujarat was marked by unprecedented levels of hate speech and hate propaganda. Some examples: Chief Minister Narendra Modi Terming the (Godhra) attack as ‘pre-planned, violent act of terrorism’, Mr Modi said that state government was viewing this attack seriously. — The Times of India, Feb 28, 2002. "With the entire population of Gujarat very angry at what happened in Godhra much worse was expected". — Narendra Modi, at a Press Conference in Gujarat, Feb 28, 2002. Modi said he was ‘absolutely satisfied’ with the way in which the police and State Government handled the backlash from Godhra incident and ‘happy’ that violence was largely contained… "We should be happy that curfew has been imposed only at 26 places while there is anger and people are burning with revenge. Thanks to security arrangements we brought things under control".When asked that not a policeman was visible in most areas where shops were looted and set on fire, he said he hadn’t received any complaint. — The Indian Express, March 1, 2002. "Investigations have revealed that the firing by the Congressman played a pivotal role in inciting the mob." — CM Narendra Modi on Chamanpura incident where former MP Ahsan Jaffri was burned alive with 19 of his relatives. On being asked what could have lead to the Ex-MP opening fire it was ‘probably in his nature’ to do so. — The Hindustan Times, March 2, 2002. Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi on Friday termed ‘barbaric’ the murder of former Congress MP Ehsan Jafri along with 19 of his family members, but said there was firing from inside the house. -
SLP Crl No. 2275 of 2011
REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION Criminal Appeal No.751of 2017 (@Special Leave Petition (Criminal) No.2275 of 2011) State (through) Central Bureau of Investigation …Appellant Versus Shri Kalyan Singh (former CM of UP) & Ors. …Respondents J U D G M E N T R.F. NARIMAN, J. Leave granted. 1. The present appeal arises out of the demolition of Babri Masjid. We are concerned in this case with two FIRs lodged on 6th December, 1992. The first viz. Crime No.197 of 1992, is against lakhs of kar sewaks alleging the offences of dacoity, robbery, causing of hurt, injuring/defiling places of public worship, promoting enmity between two groups on grounds of religion, etc. The IPC offences were, therefore, under Sections 153-A, 295, 297, 332, 337, 338, 395 and 397. The second FIR 1 viz. FIR No.198 of 1992 was lodged against eight persons named therein - Mr. L.K. Advani, Mr. Ashok Singhal, Mr. Vinay Katiar, Ms. Uma Bharati, Ms. Sadhvi Ritambara, Mr. Murli Manohar Joshi, Mr. Giriraj Kishore and Mr. Vishnu Hari Dalmia, two of whom are dead due to passage of time viz. Mr. Ashok Singhal and Mr. Giriraj Kishore. The FIR alleges offences under Sections 153-A, 153-B and Section 505 IPC. 46 further FIRs pertaining to cognizable offences and 1 FIR pertaining to non- cognizable offences were also lodged. Initially, a Special Court set up at Lalitpur was to try these cases but subsequently notifications were issued by the State Government, after consultation with the High Court, dated 8 th September, 1993 whereby these cases were to be tried by a Special Court at Lucknow. -
“Freedom of Religion”, *Muskan Dhakad
Volume 2, July 2018 ISSN 2581-5504 “Freedom of Religion” Muskan Dhakad B.B.A.LL.B Indore Institute of Law ABSTRACT Freedom of religion is in the Article (25-28) . It defines that the different religion have different culture. Religion is a matter of faith with individuals or communities. The state can have no religion of its own. They give equal treatment to the temple , church, and the mosque. The state is neutral treats all the religions equally. Religion is based on belief practise is to perform the religious beliefs , duties, rites, rituals and ideas prescribed by religious orders according their beliefs. Long time ago when only ruling on the everywhere Brahmins got the big place they got treatment at the above level . Religion is not defined in the constitution but it means that worship of rituals and beliefs. INTRODUCTION Freedom of religion article (25-28) . India is a secular state. State treats equally all religion. Religion has its own value in the Indians life. Freedom of religion means that different religions have their ways of worship and different spirituals and way of marriage in Hindus and Muslims. Hindus use Sanskrit language while worship in the temple. Muslims use Urdu language when they are reading Quran and Christian used to have read bible during the worship in the church. Every citizen of India have the freedom of adopting any religion according to their concern. Hindus who, when young, had from pressure become Musalmans, were allowed to go back to the faith of their fathers. No man should be interfered with on account of his religion, and every one should be allowed to change his religion, if he liked. -
Subject Index of Adjudications in Complaints Regarding Threats to Press Freedom (2011-2012)
Annexure: Subject Index of Adjudications in Complaints Regarding Threats to Press Freedom (2011-2012) Sl. No. Parties Date of Decision Category Harassment to Newsmen 1 Complaint of Shri Satish Bhatia, District Correspondent, November 17, Disposed off Rashtriya Sahara, District Sonebadra, Uttar Pradesh 2011 being against anti social elements and local police authorities. infructuous 2 Complaint of Shri Awdesh Singh Patel, Correspondent, ,, Directions Amar Ujala, Banda, U.P. against the police authorities. 3 ,, Disposed off Complaint of the General Secretary, UT with Journalist Union, Daman against the observations police authorities. 4 M Complaint of Shri Satish Sharma, ,, Disposed off Managing Editor, Savera India Times, with Nani Daman against the police observations authorities. 5 Complaint of Shri Anurag Srivastava, Correspondent ,, Advise Swatantra Bharat, Kanpur, U.P. against the Station House Officer, Jalaun, Uttar Pradesh. 6 Complaint of Shri Devender Kumar Sharma, ,, Caution Owner/Publisher/Editor, Weekly Amar Tanav, Hathras, issued to District Mahamaya Nagar, U.P. against Shri S.R.Aditya, authorities Superintendent of Police, S.P. Singh, District Social Welfare Department and Shri Narayan Lal, Agent of District Social Welfare Department. 7 Complaint of Shri Kamlesh Kumar Jha, Correspondent, March 27, 2012 Disposed off Dainik Jagran, Samastipur, Bihar against Shri Maheshwar Hazari, MLA, Bihar. 8 Complaint of Shri Ram Singh Gautam, Correspondent, ,, Sub-judice Manavta Ki Raksha, Bulandshehar, U.P. against Shri Naveen Mittal, Advocate, Bulandshahar. _________________________________________________________________________________ M: Adjudications Merged Sl. No. Parties Date of Decision Category 9 Complaint of Shri Mukesh Thakur, Correspondent, Agni March 27, 2012 Dismissed Blast, Monthly Magazine, Indore, Madhya Pradesh against (i) Shri Uma Shankar Gupta, State Home Minister, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal (ii) S.S.P., Indore, (iii) IP&RD Commissioner, Madhya Pradesh. -
Sabrang Election Monitor Saturday, March 13, 2004 ______
Sabrang Election Monitor Saturday, March 13, 2004 ________________________________________________________ 1. PIL against Advani: Hearing deferred LUCKNOW: Hearing of criminal revision in high court filed against discharge of DyPM LK Advani in demolition of shrine at Ayodhya has been deferred to April 2. Justice YR Tripathi fixed April 2 for further hearing. The revision was preferred by one Haji Mehboob and another, against the order of special judicial magistrate Rae Bareli passed on September 19 last, discharging LK Advani from charges levelled against him in the Ayodhya case. It may be recalled that on September 19 last, special CBI court Rae Bareli had summoned HRD minister MM Joshi, Uma Bharti, Vinay Katiyar, Acharya Giriraj Kishore, Sadhvi Rithambhara and Vishnu Hari Dalmiya for framing of charges in the said case, but discharged Advani. [The Times of India]. 2. Others, too, made India Shine: PM NEW DELHI: Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee on Friday sought to defuse a political controversy over his government’s publicity campaign by acknowledging the contribution to the country’s achievements by the previous governments. “It cannot be anybody’s claim that India ’s achievements belong only to the recent past. As an Indian I am as proud as anyone else of India ’s achievements under previous governments,” Vajpayee said in a keynote speech at a media conclave. The opposition had slammed the Vajpayee government for its Rs 2.5 billion ‘India Shining’ advertisement blitz ahead of the upcoming parliamentary elections, saying the foundation for the recent achievements was laid by the previous governments. “I have never looked at them (achievements) with jaundiced eyes and never been sparing in giving credit where it was due. -
Focus Will Now Shift to Babri Demolition Case
Eid-e-Milad processions called off in several cities ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ �������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��������� �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� FREE PRESS �������������������������� � ������ ��������� ����������������������� Building temple BJP's Focus will now poll pledge since 1991 ������������������������ NEW DELHI: The Ram temple issue has been a part of shift to Babri the BJP's election manifestos since the 1989 Lok Sabha polls. However, at that time, the BJP did not speak about constructing the temple at the disputed site. demolition case "By not allowing the rebuilding of the Ram Janma ����������������������������� Mandir in Ayodhya, on the lines of SomnathMandir built �������� known ''karsevaks'' under �������� all my countrymen in by the Government of India in 1948, it (government) has ������� Sections 395, 397, 332, 337, ��������� ���������������������������� wholeheartedly welcoming allowed tensions to rise, and gravely strained social har- 338, 295, 297, 153A of IPC, ���������������������������� the historic judgement de- mony," the BJP manifesto had said then. Now that the Supreme Court and Section 7 of the Crimi- BJP veteran LK Advani, livered by the five-member In the next elections in 1991, the saffron party said it has delivered its verdict in nal Law Amendment -
Reportable in the Supreme Court of India Criminal
REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION Criminal Appeal No. 751 of 2017 (@Special Leave Petition (Criminal) No.2275 of 2011) State (through) Central Bureau of Investigation …Appellant Versus Shri Kalyan Singh (former CM of UP) & Ors. …Respondents J U D G M E N T R.F. NARIMAN, J. Leave granted. 1. The present appeal arises out of the demolition of Babri Masjid. We are concerned in this case with two FIRs lodged on 6th December, 1992. The first viz. Crime No.197 of 1992, is against lakhs of kar sewaks alleging the offences of dacoity, robbery, causing of hurt, injuring/defiling places of public worship, promoting enmity between two groups on grounds of religion, etc. The IPC offences were, therefore, under Sections 153-A, 295, 297, 332, 337, 338, 395 and 397. The second FIR viz. FIR No.198 of 1992 was lodged against eight persons named therein - Mr. L.K. Advani, Mr. Ashok Singhal, Mr. Vinay Katiar, Ms. Uma Bharati, Ms. Sadhvi Ritambara, Mr. Murli Manohar Joshi, Mr. 1 Giriraj Kishore and Mr. Vishnu Hari Dalmia, two of whom are dead due to passage of time viz. Mr. Ashok Singhal and Mr. Giriraj Kishore. The FIR alleges offences under Sections 153-A, 153-B and Section 505 IPC. 46 further FIRs pertaining to cognizable offences and 1 FIR pertaining to non-cognizable offences were also lodged. Initially, a Special Court set up at Lalitpur was to try these cases but subsequently notifications were issued by the State Government, after consultation with the High Court, dated 8th September, 1993 whereby these cases were to be tried by a Special Court at Lucknow. -
Ram Mandir Verdict Today
Ram Mandir Verdict Today Stationary Christie unfix patronizingly. Woodier and matterful Jedediah always ran neglectfully and epitomizing his sentient. Mopey Jeb mutilating no crawfish disappoint sedulously after Darrel diabolizes free-hand, quite inflationary. Patil was evidence of the country, stories of a brilliant balance is now the screen to two religions and respect the. Kaisarbagh bus as oppressed victimized and human, welcomed the verdict in the centre as per media for the webpage of prabhu shri ram mandir verdict today is justified is true that believes in! Click this pandemic, ram mandir at hindi remake of member of faizabad as local and then tell us rs sharma only this case on ayodhya is. Bjp since it has begun in building ram mandir movement should not a more rounded up a mosque at. Babri masjid madaar shah speaks to hand in uttar pradesh. Error posting your support for ram mandir verdict today is holding his death. Ayodhya: deceit and force. Supreme court has been put word in uttar pradesh and journalists have indicated that surround ayodhya land to ram mandir verdict today raising of conspiracy in ayodhya land dispute case? Muslims say switzerland where people are an act had returned to our effort has been going on a closure to make society. Centre said that upper caste, deepal trivedi and justice and raising of the judgment on record of one of the! Hundreds of the supreme court premises as leaders were acquitted by criminal acts such as a group of! Ayodhya ram mandir verdict today thrown across karnataka verdict in their god ram mandir donation drive ayodhya verdict which has showed again how a larger bench. -
Electioneering in India 2009
Convergence of the Conventional and the New Media : Electioneering in India 2009 © Institute of Management Studies, Noida Dr Kiran Thakur * Online access at www.publishingindia.com The election campaigns for the Indian Parliament (Lok Sabha or People’s House) in April 2009 demonstrated how the poll battles were fought deploying a mix of the traditional campaigning methods and information and communication technologies. The political parties and candidates used the mix to woo over 453 million voters who chose representatives of the 543 constituencies to govern India, the world’s largest democratic nation. Gandhinagar was among the hotly contested constituencies where the use of new technologies and the Internet was made more imperative. It also witnessed the time-tested traditional campaign methods being used to attract voters. Among the candidates was a towering 81-year political personality, Mr L K Advani, who was projected as Prime Minister-in-Waiting by his Bharatiya Janata Party. His local managers orchestrated the campaign using the mix of the conventional tools through a network of grass-root workers and youngsters of the cyberage. His Congress rival Suresh Patel, and 1. Introduction internationally acclaimed danseuse Mallika Sarabhai, contesting as an independent, similarly exploited the Gandhinagar, the capital of Gujarat state in western India, mix. Politicians, workers and senior media persons were attracted media attention during the 2009 election to the Lower interviewed, websites were studied and print and House of Indian Parliament for more than one reasons. It has electronic media were used to record the data. for a long time been a stronghold of Bharatiya Janata This paper demonstrates how the parties deployed Party (BJP), one of the two major political parties websites, e-mails, SMS, blogs, Twitter, FaceBook, dominating the national scene. -
Here. the Police Stopped Them at the Gate
[This article was originally published in serialized form on The Wall Street Journal’s India Real Time from Dec. 3 to Dec. 8, 2012.] Our story begins in 1949, two years after India became an independent nation following centuries of rule by Mughal emperors and then the British. What happened back then in the dead of night in a mosque in a northern Indian town came to define the new nation, and continues to shape the world’s largest democracy today. The legal and political drama that ensued, spanning six decades, has loomed large in the terms of five prime ministers. It has made and broken political careers, exposed the limits of the law in grappling with matters of faith, and led to violence that killed thousands. And, 20 years ago this week, Ayodhya was the scene of one of the worst incidents of inter-religious brutality in India’s history. On a spiritual level, it is a tale of efforts to define the divine in human terms. Ultimately, it poses for every Indian a question that still lingers as the country aspires to a new role as an international economic power: Are we a Hindu nation, or a nation of many equal religions? 1 CHAPTER ONE: Copyright: The British Library Board Details of an 18th century painting of Ayodhya. The Sarayu river winds its way from the Nepalese border across the plains of north India. Not long before its churning gray waters meet the mighty Ganga, it flows past the town of Ayodhya. In 1949, as it is today, Ayodhya was a quiet town of temples, narrow byways, wandering cows and the ancient, mossy walls of ashrams and shrines.