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Handbook for Assessing Loss and Damage in Vulnerable Communities

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Handbook for Assessing Loss and Damage in Vulnerable Communities HANDBOOK FOR ASSESSING LOSS AND DAMAGE IN VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES REPORT NO. 21 KEES VAN DER GEEST April 2017 AND MARKUS SCHINDLER This handbook should be cited as: Van der Geest, K. & Schindler, M. (2017). Report: Handbook for assessing loss and damage in vulnerable communities; Bonn: United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS). UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS) UNU-EHS PUBLICATION SERIES APRIL 2017 REPORT NO. 21 HANDBOOK FOR ASSESSING LOSS AND DAMAGE IN VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES Authors: Kees van der Geest and Markus Schindler Table of contents List of figures List of images List of acronyms ......................................................... 7 5. Data entry, analysis .......................................... Figure 1: Risk matrix ........................................................33 Image 1: Lalmati and Bhagatey Tamang, both over Acknowledgements ................................................... 9 and reporting ................................................... 65 Figure 2: Conceptual framework: Linking loss and eighty years of age, outside their destroyed house in Executive Summary .................................................... 10 5.1 Data entry ..............................................................65 damage to vulnerability, risk management Gairimudi village, Dolakha. .............................................8 Frequently Asked Questions 5.2 Analysis ..................................................................66 and adaptation ...............................................................37 Image 2: A shepard stands in front of his herd in about loss and damage .............................................. 14 5.3 Reporting ...............................................................67 Figure 3: Connection between research domains in the drought stricken Tharparkar, Pakistan. ...........................13 1. Introduction ...................................................... 19 5.3.1 Maps .....................................................................69 case of sudden-onset events ..........................................43 Image 3: Maya Gurung and her daughter Ritu Gurung, 1.1 About the title .......................................................21 5.3.2 Figures ...................................................................69 Figure 4: Connection between research domains in whose home was one of 600 destroyed in the 2015 Nepal earthquake ............................................................17 1.2 Progressive insights and 5.3.3 Tables.....................................................................74 the case of slow-onset changes ......................................44 lessons learned ......................................................21 Figure 5: Example of complexity of climatic stressors .....47 Image 4: The interior of a house that was severely 5.3.4 Text Boxes .............................................................74 damaged and abandoned after the Jure landslide in 1.3 Objectives..............................................................24 5.3.5 Use of photos ........................................................75 Figure 6: Example from the pacific: Mangroves, climate Sandhupalchok District, Nepal (August 2014) .................18 2. Concepts and framework ................................. 27 impacts and the importance of location ..........................49 6. Resources needed ............................................ 79 Image 5: Street vendor in Sindhupalchok District, Figure 7: Overall effectiveness of prevention ..................72 2.1 Definitions .............................................................27 6.1 Financial resources ................................................79 Nepal. ..............................................................................25 Figure 8: Uptake of coping measures .............................72 2.2 Conceptual framework ..........................................36 6.2 Human resources ...................................................79 Image 6: A view of heavy flooding caused by 3. Research design ................................................ 41 Figure 9: Livelihood sources and cash income ................73 monsoon rains in Punjab Province, near the city 6.3 Material resources .................................................81 Figure 10: Proportion of affected households and of Multan, Pakistan. ........................................................26 3.1 Scale ......................................................................41 7. Alternative applications .................................... 85 mean cost by impact type ...............................................73 Image 7: Family that lost their house in the Jure 3.2 Research domains ..................................................41 References ................................................................. 88 Figure 11: Effectiveness of households’ landslide; in front of their temporary shelter in 3.3 Site selection .........................................................51 Appendix 1: Loss and Damage preventive measures ........................................................74 Sindhupalchok District, Nepal (Agusut 2014)l .................39 4. Research tools .................................................. 55 Case Study Questionnaire .......................................... 93 Figure 12: Loss and damage in US$ and as proportion Image 8: A view of the devastation caused by the 4.1 Training of the fieldwork team ...............................55 Appendix 2: PEPA Data entry sheets ......................... 111 of annual income .............................................................75 October earthquake, en route to Thori Camp in Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. ..................................................40 4.2 Desk study .............................................................56 Appendix 3: Checklist example for focus group discussions (FGDs) ..................................................... 113 Image 9: Questionnaire interview in Sindhupalchok 4.3 Household questionnaire ......................................56 District, Nepal. .................................................................54 Appendix 4: Example questions for List of textboxes 4.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal ................................58 expert interviews ....................................................... 118 Image 10: A ruler painted against an observation station 4.5 Expert interviews ...................................................59 ITextbox 1: Phailin's story ................................................60 measures the height of the flood prone Lai stream, Appendix 5: Digital resources .................................... 119 4.6 Stories of loss and damage ...................................59 Textbox 2: Nirjala's story .................................................76 Pakistan ...........................................................................64 4.7 Participatory evaluation of CCA Textbox 3: Folk explanations for landslide occurrence, Image 11: The extent of the Jure landslide in and DRR initiatives ................................................59 reconstructed by Ram Krishna Kunwar ............................77 Sandhupalchok District, Nepal (Agusut 2014) .................77 4.8 Briefing and debriefing .........................................63 Image 12: Questionnaire interview in Sindhupalchok District, Nepal. .................................................................78 Image 13: Maya Gurung, aged 30, stands in the kitchen of a temporary shelter in Gupsi, Pakha, List of abbreviations and acronyms Gorkha District, Nepal. ....................................................83 Image 14: Urban living in Taiwan, Province of China. .....84 ACPC MDVI Image 15: Pregnant 19-year-old woman in small fishing African Climate Policy Centre Multi-Dimensional Vulnerability Index village near Varkala South Cliff, India. .............................87 AIDMI All India Disaster Mitigation Institute MDVIs Multi-Dimensional Vulnerability Indicators APN Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research NA Needs Assessment List of tables AR5 Fifth Assessment Report NGO Non-Governmental Organization Table 1: Some major differences between the first and CDKN Climate and Development Knowledge Network PEPA Participatory Evaluation of Planned Adaptation second generation of loss and damage case studies......22 CCA Climate Change Adaptation PI Principal Investigator Table 2: Avoidable and unavoidable loss and damage ...35 CIESIN PRA Table 3: Different climatic stressors require different Center for International Earth Science Participatory Rural Appraisal household responses (examples) ....................................38 Information Network SBI Subsidiary Body for Implementation Table 4: List and description of 10 Multi-Dimensional DRR Disaster Risk Reduction SIDS Vulnerability Indicators (MDVIs) .......................................48 Small Island Developing States ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America Table 5: Loss and Damage in US$ and as proportion of SPSS and the Caribbean Statistical Package for the Social Sciences annual income .................................................................75 EI UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Table 6: Example fieldwork budget .................................80 Expert Interview Climate Change FGD Focus Group Discussion UNISDR United Nations International Strategy
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