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Urban Regeneration: Better Cities for Sustainable Development

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Urban Regeneration: Better Cities for Sustainable Development Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 11 (2017) 127-134 doi: 10.17265/1934-7359/2017.02.003 D DAVID PUBLISHING Urban Regeneration: Better Cities for Sustainable Development Mahmoud Ali Alsubeh Urban and Regional Planning Department, Faculty Of Environmental Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia Abstract: With the increasing growing of the environmental issues and climatic change, sustainable urban development of cities became an urgent demand. Urban development relied on four pillars; the institutional, social, environmental and economic pillars. Urban regeneration is not a single concept; it is a group of strategies. This study concluded that those strategies include; the public action, certification programs and corporate responsibility theories. Key words: Urban regeneration, sustainability, city. 1. Introduction throughout harm to the main assets as well as the uncertainty’s creation concerning the future that with Industrial emissions, waste production, traffic each other erode assurance within the financial and congestion, poor air quality, noise and overcrowding social capital [4]. are only a few of the several externalities concern Furthermore, socio-economic inequalities are contemporary urban consumption and production supposed to be noticed as the main challenge to the patterns. Cities are presently facing main challenges sustainable regeneration, which is urban. Within an into their life’s quality as well as to the opportunities’ international context, the growing competition for the range, in which the urban environments have the ability resources and energy is probable to connect for the to provide their residents. A particular individual has influences of climate change to influence the ability to speak about three major families of disproportionally on the most vulnerable and the confronts for the sustainable regeneration which is poorest [5]. This is no less true within the cities, sustainable: institutional (geographic and governance), wherever inequalities are increasing because of the social (health, cohesion and inequality) and number of economic and demographic phenomena, environmental (resource use, carbon emissions and particularly aged (with several aged individuals being climate change) [1, 2]. less capable to cope with the impacts of environment) The fact of climate change represents specific developing racial variety and increasing numbers of challenges intended for the cities. Droughts, heat individuals experiencing social exclusion and/or waves, flooding as well as the other extreme whether poverty. These improvements are considered proceedings physically influence on the urban inter-related as well as join to generate various infrastructures and neighborhoods; thus, on the configurations of the environmental weakness within a mortality and health of urban populations [3]. particular city [6]. Moreover, they have the ability to influence in indirect Organizational challenges to the urban sustainability way on the urban economies and communities are connected to stress among managerial, technical Corresponding author: Mahmoud Ali Alsubeh, associate and top-down approaches in the direction of the urban professor, research fields: theories of architecture and regeneration as well as grassroots or bottom-up restoration. E-mail: [email protected]. 128 Urban Regeneration: Better Cities for Sustainable Development environmental initiatives, expectations and needs. It is understand through the sustainable regeneration [9]. extensively accepted that in the urban regeneration, Whereas, a steady definition of sustainable urban processes of democratic societies are supposed to development or urban sustainability has confirmed in accept governance approaches which contain several order to be vague, in the most academic circles and stakeholders involving civil communities-of-interest as policy, which is agreed that they have the ability to well as the residents [7]. Nevertheless, too frequently, recognized as a combined four major pillars: we notice uncertain clashes among what local institutional, social, environmental and economic (see communities desire for their neighborhoods on one Fig. 1) [10]. On the similar layer, the word “integrated side and on the other side, the city administrations’ sustainable approach” is mostly utilized to depict the plans. Besides, the commercial developers’ corporate incorporation of these various scopes of sustainable interests add for the mix that has the ability to generate local improvement. Urban sustainability can be lasting blockages within win-lose situations or understood from the environmental pillar’s direction, decision-making [8]. thus the urban sustainability that is environmental, In this study, we will study urban regeneration as the whereas taking into account the connections with best method for sustainable development in cities. In economic, institutional and social pillars [11]. this work, the mechanisms, challenges and Urban regeneration is considered as a way for opportunities facing sustainable urban regeneration upgrading and reorganizing existing spaces more will be reviewed in order to come up with plans to the willingly than proposing recent urbanization [12]. best sustainable development in cities. Urban regeneration is mainly interested in reinforcing 2. Literature Review the centers of the city before the industrial areas, inner/early ring suburbs as well as post war (post 1945), 2.1 Sustainable Urban Regeneration the areas of housing facing decline’s periods because Generally, it is significant to explain the things we of intersecting and compounding pressures. Factors Fig. 1 Urban sustainability’s prism [13]. Urban Regeneration: Better Cities for Sustainable Development 129 concern the adoption of projects and regeneration distinctions among “stepping-up” and “progressive” policies involve pressures, the main long-term or cities to demonstrate the level since they are at short-term economic problems, physical changes, developing their regeneration actions’ environmental physical deterioration, social or ethnic tensions, sustainability [15]. political disenfranchisement, cyclical or structural Therefore, urban regeneration is defined in this study employment issues, infrastructural obsolescence, as a range of strategies or initiatives, encompassing and underinvestment and demographic changes to the addressing a number of inter-related economic, social, urban areas. Normally, the actions of urban environmental, institutional or physical aspects of regeneration contain environmental/physical, social urban areas [16]. In sum, areas in need of regeneration and economic development measures within the areas suffer from a weakened economic base, combined with under the intervention. Urban regeneration within the high concentrations of unemployment and socially majority of its contributes in the direction of the disadvantaged residents. These problems are often implementation concerns the sustainable development manifested in an area with a poor physical and during the “recycling” of buildings and land, lessening environmental setting such as contaminated or derelict recent construction materials and demolition waste in land and poor quality housing and amenities. This addition to lessening the requests for marginal urban nexus of conditions can lead to poverty, crime and development as well as facilitating compactness and other problems [17]. intensification of obtainable urban areas [10]. For that Following from the above, we understand reason, we recognize sustainable urban regeneration sustainable urban regeneration as regeneration policies the same as regeneration processes, policies and and processes within a city, which seek to address actions in a city that attend to consistent inter-related problems in order to consider, reduce and socio-economic, spatial and technical problems for mitigate their environmental impact. More specifically, lessening the environmental influence, lessen the the policies, plans and actions that urban actors environmental risk, as well as to develop the implement to sustainably tackle regeneration issues environmental quality of urban assets, lifestyles and have to be studied that have a strong environmental systems [14]. dimension whilst also addressing wider relationships of Environmental actions within the urban regeneration these aspects with other dimensions of sustainability. are entrenched in the complicated policy/political, These policies, plans and actions can include the economic, geographical, cultural and social contexts. minimization of required inputs and of energy, water, Moreover, environmental and successful actions are food, materials, etc., and process outputs of waste, heat, not only supposed to be precisely effectual; they are air and water pollution, carbon emissions, etc. (see also supposed to respond to the conditions’ series of Table 1) [18]. sustainability concerning the exceeding contextual 2.2 Cultural Quarters as Mechanisms for Urban factors on the local scale, as well as to be standardized Regeneration in order to accomplish effects vital for ensuring sustainability on the global scale. Moreover, we Table 2 summarizes the constituents once a conceive that this particularity demands to be taken particular individual would anticipate for finding into consideration for evaluating the relative within a victorious cultural quarter. These are provided, successes/merits of the tangible actions within under the mentioned three sub-headings: meaning,
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