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Colonisation Larvaire Et Grossissement De Deux Espèces De Stomatopodes - Les Squilles (Varo) Lysiosquillina Maculata Et Lysisquillina Sulcata

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Colonisation Larvaire Et Grossissement De Deux Espèces De Stomatopodes - Les Squilles (Varo) Lysiosquillina Maculata Et Lysisquillina Sulcata COMPOSANTE 2A - Projet 2A1 Développement capture et culture de post-larves Septembre 2009 RAPPORT INTERMÉDIAIRE Colonisation larvaire et grossissement de deux espèces de Stomatopodes - les squilles (varo) Lysiosquillina maculata et Lysisquillina sulcata Bora Bora (Polynésie française) Auteurs : François Chevalier, Corentine Favre Le CRISP est un programme mis en œuvre dans le cadre de la politique développée par le Programme régional océanien de l’Environnement afi n de contribuer à la protection et la gestion durable des récifs coralliens des pays du Pacifi que. Le CRISP est un programme mis en œuvre dans le cadre de la politique développée par le Pro- gramme Régional Océanien de l’Environnement afi n de contribuer à la protection et la gestion durable des récifs coralliens des pays du Pacifi que. L’initiative pour la protection et la gestion des récifs coralliens dans le Pacifi que, engagée par la France et ouverte à toutes les contributions, a pour but de développer pour l’avenir une vision de ces milieux uniques et des peuples qui en dépendent ; elle se propose de mettre en place des stratégies et des projets visant à préserver leur biodiversité et à développer les services économiques et environnementaux qu’ils rendent, tant au niveau local que global. Elle est conçue en outre comme un vecteur d’intégration régionale entre états développés et pays en voie de développement du Pacifi que. Le CRISP est structuré en trois composantes comprenant respectivement divers projets : - Composante 1A : Aires marines protégées et gestion côtière intégrée - Projet 1A1 : Planifi cation de la stratégie de conservation de la biodiversité marine - Projet 1A2 : Aires Marines Protégées (AMP) - Projet 1A3 : Renforcement institutionnel - Projet 1A4 : Gestion intégrée des zones lagonaires et des bassins versants Cellule de Coordination CRISP (CCU) - Comp. 2 : Connaissance, gestion, restauration et valorisation des écosystèmes coralliens Chef de Programme : Eric CLUA - 2A : Connaissance, gestion, suivi et valorisation des écosystèmes coralliens CPS- BP D5 - 2B : Restauration récifale 98848 Nouméa Cedex - 2C : Valorisation des substances Actives Marines Nouvelle-Calédonie - 2D : Mise en place d’une base de données régionale (Reefbase Pacifi que) Tél./Fax : (687) 26 54 71 - Composante 3 : Appui institutionnel et technique E-mail : [email protected] - 3A : Capitalisation, valorisation et vulgarisation des acquis du programme CRISP www.crisponline.net - 3B : Coordination, promotion et développement du programme CRISP COMPOSANTE 2A Connaissance, gestion, suivi et valorisation des récifs coralliens PROJET 2A-1 : Capture et Culture des Postlarves (PCC) de poissons et crustacés des récifs coralliens PROJET 2A-2 : Amélioration de la connaissance et des modalités de gestion des écosystèmes coral- Responsable composante : liens René GALZIN PROJET 2A-3 : UMR 5244 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD Développement des outils et processus de suivi de l’état de santé des récifs coralliens 52, Av. Paul Alduy PROJET 2A-4 : 66860 Perpignan Mise au point et test de méthodes novatrices de rétrocession de l’information à France destination des usagers et gestionnaires des écosystèmes coralliens Tél. : (33) 4 68 66 20 55 PROJET 2A-5 : Fax : (33) 4 68 50 36 86 Etudes spécifi ques sur i) l’eff et de l’augmentation du CO2 sur la santé des récifs E-mail : [email protected] coralliens et ii) contribution au développement de l’écotourisme CRISP is funded by the following partners : Sommaire 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1 2 RAPPEL DE LA CONVENTION .............................................................................................................. 1 2.1 NATURE DE L’INTERVENTION DU PRESTATAIRE ......................................................................................... 1 2.2 OBLIGATIONS DES CO-CONTRACTANTS ET MODALITES FINANCIERES ........................................................ 2 3 OBJECTIFS ET RESULTATS ATTENDUS DE L’ETUDE .................................................................. 3 4 RAPPEL ET ADAPTATION DES PROTOCOLES EXPERIMENTAUX ........................................... 3 4.1 PREMIER OBJECTIF – ACQUISITION DE DONNEES D’ELEVAGE .................................................................... 3 4.1.1 Conduite d’élevage .......................................................................................................................... 3 4.1.2 Biométrie ......................................................................................................................................... 3 4.2 DEUXIEME OBJECTIF – SUIVI DE LA COLLECTE .......................................................................................... 4 4.2.1 Matériels et sites de collecte ........................................................................................................... 4 4.2.2 Recueil des données de collecte ...................................................................................................... 4 5 RESULTATS PRELIMINAIRES .............................................................................................................. 5 5.1 PREMIER OBJECTIF – ACQUISITION DE DONNEES D’ELEVAGE .................................................................... 5 5.1.1 Varos issus de Rangiroa .................................................................................................................. 5 5.1.2 Varos nouvellement mis en élevage ............................................................................................... 10 5.2 DEUXIEME OBJECTIF – SUIVI DE LA COLLECTE ........................................................................................ 12 5.2.1 Résultats bruts ............................................................................................................................... 12 5.2.2 Etude de la colonisation larvaire .................................................................................................. 13 6 PLANNING REVISE DE REALISATION DES TACHES ................................................................... 15 7 LA BIBLIOGRAPHIE EXISTANTE ...................................................................................................... 16 7.1 LES LYSIOSQUILLIDAE ............................................................................................................................ 16 7.2 TRANSPORT ET DISPERSION LARVAIRE .................................................................................................... 16 7.3 COMPORTEMENT, BIOLOGIE DES STOMATOPODES ................................................................................... 16 7.4 VARIABILITE TEMPORELLE DES STOMATOPODES ..................................................................................... 17 7.5 COLLECTE DE POST LARVES DE POISONS ET INVERTEBRES : OUTILS ET VARIABILITE TEMPORELLE .......... 17 7.6 DESCRIPTION DES ESPECES DE STOMATOPODES ...................................................................................... 17 7.7 DISTRIBUTION DES STOMATOPODES ........................................................................................................ 20 Etude de la colonisation larvaire et du grossissement de deux espèces de Stomatopodes à Bora-Bora 2009 Convention N°8.0031 / MPA / SPE – Rapport intermédiaire 1 Introduction Suite à des résultats prometteurs de test de maintien des larves de Stomatopodes en élevage, la société Tropical Fish Tahiti (TFT) a mené une étude en collaboration avec le Service de la Pêche (SPE) et le Centre de Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de l’Environnement (CRIOBE) de juillet 2007 à juillet 2008 sur un co-financement SPE-CRISP (Coral Reef InitiativeS for the Pacific). Cette étude menée à Rangiroa concernait notamment : - l’acquisition des premières données d’élevage en laboratoire de deux espèces de Stomatopodes d’intérêt aquacole en Polynésie Française : les squilles (varo) Lysiosquillina maculata (Frabricius, 1793) et L. sulcata (Manning, 1978), - l’étude comparative de la colonisation larvaire des varos dans un hoa de Rangiroa et un hoa de Bora-Bora via une collaboration avec la société BoraEcoFish (BEF). Suite aux résultats obtenus lors de cette étude (Brié et Santos, 2008), et étant donné l’arrêt des activités de la société Tropical Fish Tahiti, le Service de la Pêche de Polynésie a émis le souhait de continuer l’élevage des varos initié à Rangiroa et a fait appel à la société BoraEcoFish afin de poursuivre l’acquisition des données d’élevage sur le même lot que celui utilisé à Rangiroa pendant une durée de un an. Par ailleurs, afin d’identifier une éventuelle continuité interannuelle de la colonisation, et inter-sites au sein d’une même île, la présente étude consistera à poursuivre le recueil des données de collecte sur un an d’une part dans 2 hoa de Bora-Bora et d’autre part avec un light-trap situé à proximité du site de la ferme d’élevage. Si une collecte suffisante venait à se présenter, un nouveau lot de varo de chaque espèce sera mis en élevage selon le protocole défini suite à l’étude de 2007-2008, afin de valider les premiers résultats obtenus par Tropical Fish Tahiti. La présente étude a débuté le 30 novembre 2008 pour s’achever le 31 mars 2010 et est co- financée par le SPE et le CRISP. 2 Rappel de la convention La convention N°8.0031/MPA/SPE du 25/11/08 établie entre le Service de la Pêche (SPE), la société BoraEcoFish (BEF) en tant que prestataire et le programme « Coral Reef
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