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– Sortimentsoverzicht Ir Pterostyrax – Sortimentsoverzicht Ir. J.J.C. Janssen Pterostyrax wordt Epaulettenboom of Vleugelstorax genoemd. De bloeiwijze van Pterostyrax doet enigszins denken aan een epaulet, de schouderversiering van een uniform. Vleugelstorax is niets anders dan een vertaling van de wetenschappelijke naam. Het is na Styrax en Halesia de bekendste vertegenwoordiger van de familie Styracaceae. De rijke bloei met witte geurende bloemen in lange hangende pluimen is erg opvallend. Het is de belangrijkste reden voor aanplant van deze attractieve, soms meerstammige bomen. Dit artikel probeert een bijdrage te leveren aan een grotere bekendheid en een beter gebruik van het kleine interessante geslacht Pterostyrax . Morfologie De vrucht bevat 1 of 2 vlezige zaden. Vooral de De habitus varieert van kleine tot middelgrote vorm van de snavel en de mate van beharing bomen tot meerstammige struikvormige bomen. van de vrucht en het blad zijn de belangrijkste Alle Pterostyrax zijn bladverliezend. De winter- verschil punten tussen de soorten. knoppen worden omhuld door 2 behaarde knop- schubben. Het blad staat verspreid, de blad rand Systematiek is gezaagd. Er zijn geen steunblaadjes. Aan korte Pterostyrax behoort, met onder andere de okstelstandige twijgen met 2-3 bladeren onstaat geslachten Halesia , Sinojackia, Rehderodendron de pluimvormige hangende bloeiwijze met talrijke en Melliodendron , tot de Styracaceae, Pterostyrax bloemen. De 5-tallige bloemen zijn 2-slachtig. hee+ een bovenstandig vruchtbeginsel, terwijl De kelkbuis is met het bovenstandige vrucht- de andere hier genoemde geslachten een onder- beginsel vergroeid. De kelktanden zijn klein en standig vruchtbeginsel hebben. In het verleden onopvallend en vormen lijnen naar de bloemsteel, werden, zoals door Bentham en Hooker in Genera waardoor de vrucht geribd of gevleugeld is. De Plantarum vol II (1873) de Pterostyrax soorten kroonbladen zijn tot bijna aan de basis losbladig. ondergebracht bij Halesia . De morfolo gische Er zijn 5 lange en 5 korte meeldraden. De vrucht verschillen tussen de nauw verwante geslachten is een droge geribde of gevleugelde steenvrucht Pterostyrax en Halesia zijn duidelijk en ze wor- met een (gedeeltelijk) blijvende stijl, die een (soms den algemeen als twee verschillende geslachten onduidelijke) snavel vormt. beschouwd. 94 Pterostyrax corymbosus (!#$#: %&) 95 "# $%&'%$( *+ [,-./] Alniphyllum fortunei Bruinsmia styracoides Melliodendron xylocarpum 100/100 Pterostyrax psilophyllus 1.00 100/100 1.00 Pterostyrax corymbosus Changiostyrax dolichocarpus Sinojackia microcarpa 100/100 1.00 Sinojackia rehderiana 59/61 1.00 Sinojackia xylocarpa Halesia diptera 57/53 Pterostyrax hispidus Halesia carolina Halesia macgregorii 1 100/99 1.00 Halesia macgregorii 2 100/99 1.00 98/98 1.00 Halesia macgregorii 3 Rehderodendron kwangtungense -/73 Rehderodendron microcarpum 60/69 0.98 Rehderodendron macrocarpum >JUU_ * Verwantschap tussen een aantal soorten uit de Styracaceae. Uit: Fritsch et al., Perkinsiodendron , a new genus in the Styracaceae. 96 Pterostyrax Halesia Bloeiwijze pluimvormig bloemen in bundels Bloem 5-tallig bloem 4- tallig Meeldraden steken uit de bloemkroon meeldraden steken niet uit de bloemkroon Twijg met vast (ononderbroken) merg twijg met geladderd merg Het geslacht omvat vier soorten in Oost-Azië. stuifmeeltabellen beter dan P. hispidus Pterostyrax hispidus is de bekendste soort en (http://www.imkerpedia.nl). Bij Pterostyrax zijn is het nauwst verwant aan Halesia . De soorten geen ziekten en plagen bekend. De vermeerdering P. corymbosus en P. psilophyllus zijn nauw geschiedt door zaaien of zomerstek. aan elkaar verwant en staan wat verder af van Halesia .( Zie cladogram in \g.1). Een recente Standplaats studie van Fritsch et al (2016), waarbij DNA Pterostyrax groeit in elke goede voedzame grond, volgordes werden onderzocht, toonde toch wel hee+ een voorkeur voor een iets lagere pH en aan dat in contrast met de morfologische ver- verdraagt zowel wat zuurdere als kalk rijkere schillen, de genetische verschillen gering zijn. grond. Een goed vochthoudende bodem is belang - De soort P. burmanicus W.W. Smith & Farrer is rijk. In droge omstandigheden kan vooral bij vrijwel onbekend en komt waarschijnlijk buiten P. hispidus de harttak afsterven, waardoor onder- Myanmar (Birma) niet voor. Deze soort wordt aan de stam veel opslag ontstaat. Hierdoor komt in dit artikel niet verder behandeld. een meerstammige struik vaak voor, die weer tot een kleine struikvormige boom kan uitgroeien. Het taalkundig geslacht van Styrax en Een zonnige standplaats of erg lichte schaduw Pterostyrax werd voorheen gezien als vrouwelijk hee+ de voorkeur. Er worden dan meer bloemen (dus P. hispida ). Tegenwoordig wordt Pterostyrax , gevormd. Schaduw gee+ minder bloei en dunnere evenals Styrax beschouwd als mannelijk (dus twijgen en blad. Een warme nazomer gee+ meer P. hispidus ). Deze spelling, zoals onder andere bloei in het daarop volgende jaar. Catalogue of Life en e Plant List die aanhouden, wordt in dit artikel gevolgd. In de Naamlijst van Houtige Gewassen 2016-2020 is deze spelling nog niet gevolgd. In de uitgave die in 2020 verschijnt zal dit wel het geval zijn. Gebruik De Pterostyrax soorten zijn fraaie bomen. Ze bloeien in juni, als bij de meeste bomen de bloei al voorbij is. Vooral in grotere tuinen en parken zijn ze goed bruikbaar door hun opvallende bloei. De vruchten en herfstkleur geven ook nog een sierlijk aspect. Het zijn goede drachtplanten voor bijen. Ze leveren zowel nectar als stuifmeel. Pterostyrax hispidus P. corymbosus scoort overigens in de nectar- en (!#$#: & ) 97 "# $%&'%$( *+ [,-./] Sortiment Onderstaande tabel kan worden gebruikt ter bepaling van de soorten (uitgezonderd P. burmanicus ). 1a. bladonderzijde grijsgroen met op de nerven met lange afstaande borstelige haren; vrucht zonder duidelijke snavel (soms wel lange dunne stijl) P. hispidus 1b. bladonderzijde met stervormige haren en/of korte haren; vrucht gesnaveld 2. 2a Bloemen in een brede losse pluim; vrucht omgekeerd eirond, duidelijk 5-vleugelig, stervormig viltig; bladonderzijde stervormig zachtharig P. corymbosus 2b. Bloemen in een langere, compacte, smalle pluim; vrucht min of meer buisvormig, (5–)10-ribbig, dicht grijsgeel stijf behaard; bladonderzijde grijsgroen, erg kort stervormig viltig P. psilophyllus P. corymbosus Sieb. & Zucc. Japan groeien ze in bossen op vochtige bescha - Syn.: Halesia corymbosa (Sieb. & Zucc.) duwde plaatsen langs beken en rivieren op G. Nicholson 400-1600 m hoogte. In China omvat het areaal Uiteindelijk een grote groeikrachtige boom met de provincies Noord-Fujian, Noord-Guangdong, een brede kroon. In de literatuur worden hoogtes Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi en Noordwest-Zhejiang. van 12 tot 15 m gemeld. De twijgen zijn aan- vankelijk dicht behaard. De knoppen zijn bruin P. hispidus Sieb. & Zucc. behaard. De omgekeerd eironde tot ovale glim- Syn.: Halesia hispida (Sieb. & Zucc.) Mast. mende bladen zijn 6–14 cm lang en 3,5–8 cm Een heester of een kleine boom met brede breed, papierachtig, met verspreid staande ster- groeiwijze tot 6 m, hoewel ook wel hoogtes tot haren behaard. De onderzijde van het jonge blad 15 m worden opgegeven. De jonge stammen is gewoonlijk erg dicht behaard, de bovenzijde zijn bruin met lichtere groeven en worden later wordt kaal. De bladvoet is wigvormig en de blad- donker gegroefd. De jonge twijgen zijn kaal of rand is gezaagd tot spaarzaam klierachtig getand. iets behaard, de knoppen behaard, vaak twee De top van het blad is spits tot abrupt toege - boven elkaar. Het kort getande blad is vrij grof, spitst. Er zijn 7–9 paar zijnerven, tertiaire nerven lang werpig tot omgekeerd eirond-langwerpig, netadervormig. De bloei valt wat vroeger in juni 7-17 cm lang. De top is spits of kort toegespitst, dan bij P. hispidus . De circa 1 cm grote bloemen bladvoet afgerond tot wigvormig. De bovenzijde zijn wit, geuren en zijn geplaatst aan behaarde van het heldergroene blad is kaal. De onderzijde is hangende, nogal brede, losse pluimen, die met lichtgrijs en erg kort behaard, met grotere enkel - een lengte van 3-8 cm korter zijn dan bij de andere voudige haren op de hoofdnerf. In de herfst kleurt soorten. De meeldraden zijn iets langer dan het blad geel tot geelbruin. Bloeit op wat oudere de kroon. De vrucht is omgekeerd eirond, lee+ijd met witte geurende bloemen in 15-25 cm 1,2–2,2 cm, 5-vleugelig, dicht behaard, top lange hangende pluimen. De sierlijke vruchten met een 2–4 mm lange kegelvormige snavel. zonder een duidelijke snavel zijn cilindrisch, circa USDA winterhardheidszone 7a. 1 cm lang en dicht lichtbruin behaard. Ze blijven na de bladval nog enige tijd aan de boom. De soort werd al in 1839 beschreven door Von USDA winterhardheidszone 6a. Siebold en Zuccarini. In 1850 is P. corymbosus in het westen geïntroduceerd, maar komt nog Deze soort komt voor in bossen in de bergen van steeds weinig voor. In Arboretum De Dreijen in Honshu, Shikoku en Kyushu in Japan. Het is de Wageningen staat een mooie boom. In China en bekendste, meest gekweekte soort, die een erg 98 Pterostyrax hispidus Pterostyrax psilophyllus (!#$#: & ) (!#$#: %&) opvallende bloei hee+. Het is verwonderlijk In Engeland en de Verenigde Staten staan bomen dat hij toch maar weinig voorkomt. P. hispidus van diverse herkomsten. Onlangs zijn uit China werd in 1875 beschreven door Von Siebold en nieuwe groeikrachtige bomen geïntroduceerd. Zuccarini. In Engeland groeien nu introducties (SICH12) van een Sichuan expeditie in 1999, waar in bos - P. psilophyllus Diels ex Perkins sen materiaal is verzameld van
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