88 INTERNATIONAL BODY PSYCHOTHERAPY JOURNAL THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SOMATIC PRAXIS programmes inclinicalandsomaticpsychology. andbehaviouralneurosciencefamily medicine,psychiatry at Wayne State University, hehasdirected several graduate 1 cannolongerbe seenastotallyseparate andtheobserver causality), where theobserved relativity oftime,particle-wave-duality, relation, theuncertainty correlations ratherthan tell aboutauniverse of entanglement, ofinterdependency (quantumphysics: theory capitalism andglobalization. things” (p. 25):civilized, indicative ofmodernvalues, andwell acceptedinthespheres of other tothemind. These polarizationshadprogressively beenseen asthe“natural order of people of the third world and people of color. Along these lines, the bodyisalsotreated as about manipulates theviews in which the male, Western, white, Christian, dominant power structure governs and the bodyandguidedby theknowledge andthe vision ofsomaticpsychology” (p.21). therapies experience asthefoundationandoriginationofallexperiential potential.”Asfor that focusesonourlivingexperienceofembodimentashuman beingsandthatrecognizes this psychotherapy bodymind therapy. no longercredible asascience,andthatpsychology willbecome predicts thatpsychoanalysis willnolongerbemuchinevidenceandcognitive behaviourism togetawayfrom representationsat thepresent, trying “inthehead” dichotomy between psyche andsoma.Barratt arguesthatthedisciplinesare atacrossroads philosophical, cultural and neurobiological evidence can bridge the reductionistic no longerpossibletomaintain. body. In that light, the values we hold today of high margins of profit and possessions are considering theimplicationsitcouldhave forreally working withspiritualhealingofthe what itmeanstobehumanandhealsuffering.His bookisalsopoliticalwhen and Easternattitudestoward therapy. Underlying considerations of itall,hepleadsfornew wide stanceonthethemeofpsyche andsoma,givinganexcellent ofboth overview Western energy medicinetograspabroad conclusionforsomaticpsychology. Barratt’s booktakesa body psychotherapists andunitesaspectsofhistory, philosophy, culture, neurobiology and disciplinehecalls“Somatic tothenew Psychology,”pertinent quotesmanywell-known the reader before agoodoverview delvingintothecontent.Barratt, collectingthemes withapresentationchapter starts ofthe themes discussedandtheoriespresented, giving Contemporary” (7chapters),and“Current Challenges:Possible Futures” (5chapters). Each three sections:“Introducing aNew Discipline” (5chapters),“Sources: Ancientand MSc CHRISTINA BADER-JOHANSSON, Barnaby Barratt isapsychoanalyst, sexualityeducator, sextherapist andsomaticpsychologist. Asaformerprofessor of Barnaby Barratt’s This hasgraduallychangedas advances inthephysicalsciences,awarded Nobel prizes, asthetimeHe oftheend ofthe19thand20thcentury gives anhistoricalsurvey Barratt defines More andmore disciplinesofpsychotherapy andpsychology are realizing that , heencapsulatesthemas:“the healingpracticethatisgrounded inthewisdomof The EmergenceofSomaticPsychologyand somatic psychology somatic psychology A Review ofBarnabyB. Barratt Christina Bader-Johansson, MSc Emergence and Bodymind of Somatic Psychology Therapy the other Bodymind Therapy as follows: “the psychology ofthebody, thediscipline , considered tobenature, aswell aswomen and 1 somatic psychology and somatic psychology ’s about thebody. He

contains bodymind the chapter on neuroscience Barratt briefly describes the polyvagal theory, mirror neurons, what isknown aboutthebrain’s functioninghasbeendiscovered inthepastdecade.In Barratt gives some vignettes of therapeuticinteractionto illustrate this.Ninety percent of in whichtheemergenceofsomaticpsychology andbodymindtherapiesistobearticulated. before themattercomesintoexistence.Intention comesbefore action. This isthecontext enableddialogueabout world whichhasfurther Western scienceandBuddhist thinking. Barratt also honors the Dalai Lama’s exile as a gift to the North American and European been confirmed by moderntheoriesofnonlineardynamicsystemsandcomplexitytheories. which there are nodichotomiesofsubject/object,man/nature, ormind/body, nondualityhas entities. Already foretold inthe Vedic, Buddhist, Taoist andmanyindigenousteachingsin - The movement ofbodyfluids isessentialtothemaintenance ofhealth. - mechanisms. The body possessesself-regulatory of subtleenergies. - The structure andfunctionofthebodyare reciprocally interrelated, aswell astheflow - The bodyandthemind interactinandasoneunit. widely applicabletomanymodalities ofbodywork. These principlesinclude: stimulate self-expression. He presents someprinciplesorempiricallawsthathefinds massage, dancetherapy, andfree-form expressionist dance,whichliberatethebodyand the liveliness oflifeitself! a procedure ofpoliticalorsocioculturaladaptation.Healing isinherently acelebrationof Healing isnottheavoidance ofpain.Healing isnottheavoidance ofdeath.Healing isnot touching inthesenseofethical,physicalpalpationandrespectful, emotionalengagement. moving withawareness, andc)theappreciative connectivityoftouchingwithawareness: individual andhisorherecology, b)mobilizingenergiesby intentionallybreathing and ofhonoring-by-listening toallaspectsofthefactors forhealing:a)theimportance spiritual process whichpresupposes safety, andintimacy. trust He describessomerequisite spiritual potentialofthebodymindcomponents.Healing thepsyche isanethical and shifttowardsan important abroader understanding sociology, andculturalstudiesdemonstratehow anincreasing interest inthebodyindicates the increasing interest inbodymindtherapies.Such diverse disciplinesasanthropology, philosophers likeHabermas, Husserl, Bergson andMerleau-Ponty andtheirinfluenceon and thatitacknowledges theprimacyofembodiedexperience.Barrett mentions intothepsyche subjectmatterofanyinquiry establishes, humanexperienceastheprimary in hisbook, context,asexemplifiedin amodern,criticalandconstructive by thethoughtsof Gallagher around thezeitgeist shared by Freud, Rank,Reich, Ferenczi, Balint andothers,putsit in itspotentialtoheal(p.45). In somechaptersheexhaustively continues thediscourse approach totreatment thatfocusessolelyon oneoftheaspectsisdoomedtobelimited conflicts asmuchitinvolves the verbalization ofmental representations. Therefore, an complex andgradualprocess —involves thesomaticexpression ofaperson’s internal machine (p. 123).He makesthepointthatcharacterchange—whichisinvariably a imageofacerebral inoffsettingtheCartesian mindthatgovernsdo theirpart thebodily cell,allofwhichcertainly thatisencodedinevery vascular communicationandmemory In thisnew-to-the-West lineofthinking,thequalityamaterialevent isdetermined Barratt describessome Western traditionsofbodywork, suchasosteopathy, chiropractic, Instead of manipulating the body from the outside, Barratt sees healing as an inherently The significanceoftheemergencesomaticpsychology isthatitestablishes,or re- How theBodyShapes theMind (2005). of thepsychology ofthebody. A REVIEWOFBARNABY B.BARRATT 89 INTERNATIONAL BODY PSYCHOTHERAPY JOURNAL THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SOMATIC PRAXIS 90 INTERNATIONAL BODY PSYCHOTHERAPY JOURNAL THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SOMATIC PRAXIS and practitioner of Tantric meditation. In additiontohis35-year career asa psychotherapist, practice, aswell asforhiswork as asexualityeducator, sex therapist,somaticpsychologist, internationally recognized forhiscontributionstopsychodynamic philosophy, and theory Barnaby B.Barratt PhD, DHSisapracticing psychoanalytic healerandteacher, BIOGRAPHIES person presenting thenext chapterandthegroup againreflecting. presenting onechapterandthegroup reflecting anddiscussingitindepth,thenanother go. My suggestion is to read it in the form of a Scandinavian study circle, with one person outstanding, but the dense 234 pages of content admittedly are not easy to digest in one world. Are we aware oftheimmenseimpact we couldhave? of liberation and thus contribute to radical political and economic transformation in the discipline ofsomaticpsychology couldhave avitalrole in theelaborationofpsychology is stillachallengetomainstream psychology andmedicine. The questionisinwhatwaythe global culturalchangeisrequired forhumanbeings toevolve onthis planet, heargues. This of identityinauniverse ofnon-lineardynamicinterdependence. Indeed, nothinglessthan social oppression. to spiritualawakeningwhichincludesaplayful,joyful experienceofsexualityfreed from Heof whichneedtobecriticallydiscussedanddeconstructed. champions abodilypath and optimized “products”: themediaideal,medicalandeconomicall experiences ofsexuality. He describesthe Western culture ofembodiment inthree alienated is mentionedinitsdeterioratedforms,suchasabuse,incestandothertraumatizing books onbodypsychotherapy forcompletelyavoiding thesubject.Instead, sexuality has beendonewithinthestudyofphenomenologicalsexualityandhecriticizes modern inherent Sexualityin thechapter“The ofBeing Human”. He little pointsoutthatvery (p. 107). an “astral body” orsubtleenergybodywhichyogic sciencehasknown aboutformillennia our embodimentisnotmerely physical.It alsohasa“supra-physical” doubleinthatthere is increased awareness. Currently, Western scienceisbeingchallengedtoacknowledge that being. ofourpersonalityareparts emotionally contactedandbrought backtotheembodied shamanic practicesandtranspersonalpsychologies. In shamanicsoul-travels, dissociated were influenced by Suzuki, Barratt informsus. He concludes withabriefdescriptionof his lectures atColumbiaUniversity. It iswell known thatJung, Fromm, Watts andMerton Tibetan the work tradition in the diaspora after 1949 and in byparticular D.T. Suzuki and of yoga, prana, chi, nadis, meridians, chakras and kundalini. He values the teachings of the towards relationship. more iterationsinacontemporary lessfearful constructive, Dance movement - therapyallows fortherecapitulation objectrelationships ofearlydestructive - Movement improvisation allows waysofbeing. thepatienttoexperimentwithnew - Movement reflects personality. MSc CHRISTINA BADER-JOHANSSON, The Easternreligions allincludeyoga teachings asapathwaytospiritualgrowth and Barratt then presents the influx of Asian healing disciplines with detailed descriptions I highlyrecommend thisbook! This bookisamustforallbodypsychotherapists. Reviews ofitsofarhave been In thechapter“Oppression andMomentum ofLiberation”, Barratt discussestheissue Barratt hasadeepknowledge ofhealthysexualityandsexualtherapy, whichhepresents Email: [email protected] available inSwedish. working onabookaboutthenature offreedom. seventy professional andbookchapters. andscientificarticles, reviews He iscurrently Somatic Psychology andBodymind Therapy (2010).Additionally, hehaspublishedover (2005), What is Tantric Practice? (2006),LiberatingEros (2009),and The Emergence of (2004), Sexual Health andErotic Freedom (2005), Ten Keys toSuccessful Sexual Partnering andthePostmodern Impulse (1993), The Way ofthe‘BodyPrayerPath’ Dr. Barratt is the author of eight books: Psychic Reality and Psychoanalytic Knowing (1984), and Professor ofPsychology atNorthcentral University. practicing inSouth Africa,Dr. Barratt wasmostrecently Provost (ChiefAcademic Officer) as Harvard University, theUniversity ofMichigan, and Wayne State University. Currently ofteachinginhighereducation,atsuchinstitutionshe hasadistinguishedhistory the authorof (EABP) andPresident oftheSwiss National Associationof theEABP(CH-EABP).She is Christina Bader-Johansson, MSc, is a psychotherapist (ASP),bodypsychotherapist Email: [email protected] Movement andInteraction (Studentlitteratur 2012) whichiscurrently only A REVIEWOFBARNABY B.BARRATT 91 INTERNATIONAL BODY PSYCHOTHERAPY JOURNAL THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SOMATIC PRAXIS 92 INTERNATIONAL BODY PSYCHOTHERAPY JOURNAL THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SOMATIC PRAXIS INTERNATIONAL BODYINTERNATIONAL PSYCHOTHERAPY JOURNAL (formerly US Association for Body Psychotherapy Journal) US Association for (formerly Two-year subscription: Members € Payment through bank transfer, American Express or PayPal. Printed single issue: Members €17.50, Non-members €20 Yearly subscription: Members €30, Non-members €35 THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SOMATIC OF PRAXIS SCIENCE AND ART THE Online issues are available free of charge Print subscriptions are also available: http://www.eabp.org/ibpj-subscribe.php www.eabp.org

55.00, www.usabp.org Non-members €60. 93 INTERNATIONAL BODY PSYCHOTHERAPY JOURNAL THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SOMATIC PRAXIS 94 INTERNATIONAL BODY PSYCHOTHERAPY JOURNAL THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SOMATIC PRAXIS Website: http://lisbon2014.eabp-isc.eu/ Psychotherapy represents. approaches andculturalstancesintheunderstanding ofhumanbeingsthatBody We welcome you to this exchange and toacelebrationofthemanymethodological cultural diversity ofthemovement. covers theory, clinicalpractice,theembeddednessofourwork insocietyaswell asthe professionals from manyEuropean countries,LatinAmericaandtheUnited States. It The Congress focusesonBodyPsychotherapy initscurrent richness,bringingtogether organized togetherwiththeInternational ScientificCommitteeofBody Psychotherapy. This isthe14thCongress oftheEuropean AssociationforBodyPsychotherapy (EABP), 95 INTERNATIONAL BODY PSYCHOTHERAPY JOURNAL THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SOMATIC PRAXIS INTERNATIONAL BODY PSYCHOTHERAPY JOURNAL THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SOMATIC PRAXIS INCORPORATING US ASSOCIATION FOR BODY PSYCHOTHERAPY JOURNAL volume twelve ● number two ● fall 2013

TABLE OF CONTENTS

4 Editorial Jacqueline A. Carleton, PhD

7 The Present as Morphogenesis Stanley Keleman

ARTICLES

9 Idealism & The Goals of a Psychotherapeutic Process Michael C. Heller, PhD

39 Body Image Disorders Bernhard Schlage, MA

50 Military Culture and Body Psychotherapy: A Case Study Diana Houghton Whiting, MA

63 Filling the Holes-in-Roles of the Past With the Right People at the Right Time A way to open the door to happiness in the present Albert Pesso

BOOK REVIEW

88 A Review of Barnaby B. Barratt’s The Emergence of Somatic Psychology and Bodymind Therapy Christina Bader-Johansson, MSc

E UROPEAN A SSOCIATION FOR B ODY- P SYCHOTHERAPY EABP

Journal (ISSN 2169-4745)