DOCSLIB.ORG

Engaging Touch & Movement in Somatic Experiencing® Trauma

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Engaging Touch & Movement in Somatic Experiencing® Trauma ENGAGING TOUCH & MOVEMENT IN SOMATIC EXPERIENCING® TRAUMA RESOLUTION APPROACH. Sônia Maria Gomes Silva New York - USA 2014 ENGAGING TOUCH & MOVEMENT IN SOMATIC EXPERIENCING® TRAUMA RESOLUTION APPROACH. Sônia Maria Gomes Silva Dr. Carlos Alberto Franco, PhD – Mentor New York - USA 2014 i Acknowledgements In memory of Freddy (Rubén Alfredo Garcia), my first master in sense-perception therapy. To my daughter, Nabiyah Bashir, who is the biggest gift in my Life! To Peter Levine, who opened all the new possibilities for me to become who I am. Carlos Alberto Franco has been unique in his dedication to mentoring me. My thanks to Dr. Stephen Daniel, my Dean at IUGS, for his trust and support all along the way in this journey. My deepest gratitude to Michael Piccuci and Elias Guerrero for offering me this opportunity. My indebted thanks to: Robbie Tucker for making my words understandable, since English is not my native language. She did an amazing job in this process; Silvana Pereira, graphic designer and a dear friend for my entire life; my dear brother, Newton Gomes, always present to support my needs, Fernanda Souza Silva, my niece, for her devotion and João Pedro R. Valesi for being my source of joy. My special gratitude to: Jacqueline Carleton for opening new doors of updated Body Psychotherapy and for being extraordinary; Lael Keen for her huge generosity in providing much of Godard’s material and sources from his studies; Monica Caspari for generously sharing her knowledge and time; my dearest friend, Cornelia Rossi, for her constant presence on my path; George Zee, my dear friend, for all his great support. Thanks to: my friend Pedro Prado, Hillary Wytt, Guilherme Correa, my darling Laura Campos, Irene Trajtenberg, Marcia Guimarães, Sophie Fahri, Marcia Cezimbra, Carlos Melo, Norma Gjorup, Eduardo Worms, Danuzia Lopes, Lida Ruiter, Robert Screi, Sarah Zorica Mitic, Katarina Green, Sarah Cornish, Christine Pieler, Karin Honauer and Anne Marie. Additional thanks to all of my friends, family and students for continually inspiring me to stay alive and optimistic in my life. ii I saved my gratitude for the very end to Marcelo Muniz, my partner in this project, who I invited to co-create SOMA EMBODIMENT, a set of theories and practices inspired by my four important masters of Body Psychotherapy: Peter A. Levine, Ida Rolf, Stephen Porges and Hubert Godard. Marcelo keeps nourishing me with the essence of Hubert Godard’s teaching. Finally, all my dreams could not have been realized without the trust of Urs Honauer and Paki Heisserer. They sponsored the SOMA EMBODIMENT project at Polarity Center (www.polarity.ch), and this Movement Education combined with Somatic Experiencing ™ hybrid is now taught in Switzerland, available to any trauma therapist. Somatic Experiencing ® and SE™ are registered trademarks owned by Peter A. Levine, PhD, and licensed exclusively to the Foundation of Human Enrichment (FHE) and the SE Trauma Institute (SETI). I thank them for their support of this study. iii ABSTRACT 1. The problem: The personal experience of Sonia Gomes with body psychotherapies as a Clinical Psychologist, using structural & movement rolfing, yoga, spirituality and Somatic Experiencing, led to the observation that even with highly efficient SE intervention processes in severe trauma, the client goes through a recovery. For that, one needs to redefine and restructure negative experience, with a reasonable understanding of what happened and relieve and / or transform the emotional and physiological symptoms. A problem found is the lack of integration between the spatial organization and time needed for the body to restructure more appropriate recovery embodiment, in order to increase the resilience to establish the trauma healing. The quality of this restructuring is variable. 2. Objective: Understand how and why this occurs, and organize a new form of intervention that allows the elimination and / or symptom relief, ensuring maximum embodiment and integration in a minimum recovery time of resilience: what are the necessary and sufficient conditions for this to occur? 3. The dissertation: This thesis, thus, has a theoretical construct that talks about the problem of trauma (Chapter I and Chapter II) and the mind-physiology question. This paper brings the basis of the updated neurosciences, seen in Chapter II. It is also addressing a historical overview of the problem and how it is done today (Chapter IV). What is needed to solve the problem (Chapters V and VI). How to solve the problem is discussed in Chapter VI. iv The chapters of this dissertation are for: to situate the problem, understand its construction and under the guidelines of neuroscience justifiably propose a new form of intervention. Chapter VII shows that it is possible to measure, and includes a proposal for how to do this. 4. What occurs and how? The brain rearranges to deal with the trauma and neuronal circuitry is altered physiologically. Various muscle tensions generated by escape, fight or freeze responses are circuited in a new way, interfering with the original circuits of the subject. Main problems: procedural memory, physiological defense structure for permanent threat (anxiety, hormonal changes, muscle mobilization) and modification of perceptual processes. When intervened, it can bring up awareness for procedural memory and allows the body, contracted at different levels, to relax: the intervention allows for the decreased activation of neuronal circuits of trauma. Where they are organized: procedural memory (which withdraws the alarm level), internal organization of the muscle systems and physiology (fascia) communication. How to achieve maximum recovery: • dis-abling the circuitry of trauma awareness, partly amending the procedural memory: Somatic Experiencing™ • re-organizing the system of procedural memory for learning awareness of new organization: moving the muscle structures from the fascia: touch and movement sought to recover the natural way to give and receive information through the senses of both the client and the therapist. Rolfing and Godard’s Movement Education applied in the Somatic Experiencing Therapy. Keywords: Somatic Experiencing ™ Trauma Therapy & Movement Education; Soma Embodiment for Trauma Therapy; Body Oriented Trauma Therapy. v SUMMARY Chapter I INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 1 Chapter II PHENOMENON OF TRAUMA ...................................................................... 21 II.A WHAT IS TRAUMA? ...................................................................................... 21 II.A.1 Ethologists call this innate response tonic immobility (TI): ......................... 23 II.B TYPES OF TRAUMA: ..................................................................................... 25 II.B.1 Trans-generational trauma: ........................................................................... 26 II.B.2 Existential trauma: .......................................................................................... 28 II.B.3 Threat trauma: ................................................................................................ 29 II.B.4 Loss Trauma: ................................................................................................... 30 II.B.6 Birth Trauma: ................................................................................................. 31 II.B.7 War trauma: .................................................................................................... 31 II.B.8 Attachment disorders: .................................................................................... 32 II.B.9 Emotional or psychological trauma:.............................................................. 33 II.B.10 Illness Trauma: ................................................................................................ 34 II.B.10.1 Considerations on the section B.10: ................................................................. 36 II.C. TRAUMA RESIDES IN THE PHYSIOLOGY OF DEFENSE SURVIVAL RESPONSE (LEVINE, 1976): .......................................................................... 37 II.C.1 Fight: ............................................................................................................... 39 II.C.2 Flight: .............................................................................................................. 39 II.C.3 Freeze or Tonic Immobility: ........................................................................... 39 II.C.4 Cycle of Activation to danger & Hyperactivation: ....................................... 40 II.C.5 Hyperactivation of the Nervous System: ....................................................... 40 II.C.6 Dissociation: ..................................................................................................... 41 II.C.7 Neurophysiology of Trauma: ......................................................................... 42 II.C.8 Biological Alteration an ongoing stress: ........................................................ 43 II.C.9 Motor Activity in trauma & Stress response: ............................................... 44 II.C.10 Phenomenon of paralysis or tonic immobility: shock state: ........................ 45 II.C.11 Critical Importance of the Freeze Discharge or the motor act of completion Defense Response: ....................................................................... 48 II.C.11.1 By Levine, 1976: ...............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cold Feet and Prolonged Sleep-Onset Latency in Vasospastic Syndrome
    RESEARCH LETTERS Outcome Result The outcomes of childhood genital surgery are substantially poorer than reported previously5 with nearly all children Anatomical assessment Clitoris requiring further treatment. All surgery was done at specialist Absent 3 (7%) units and should give the best results available. This study is Small 3 (7%) retrospective, but because of the numbers of patients involved, Normal 26 (59%) we believe it is representative. Nevertheless, despite planned Large 3 (7%) routine referrals for all relevant adolescents, these patients may Excessive 9 (20%) Vaginal Introitus be those with the poorest outcomes. Additionally these Absent 4 (9%) children had surgery between 1979 and 1995. There have Small 32 (73%)* been changes in surgical techniques, equipment, sutures, and Normal 8 (18%) antibiotics since that time. More up-to-date procedures may Vaginal length have better outcomes, although there are few data to support Absent 3 (7%) this. Short 9 (20%)† Normal 32 (73%) This study prompts a re-evaluation of cosmetic genital Labia‡ surgery in children. Most vaginal surgery can be deferred until Normal 27 (61%) after adolescence unless haematocolpos is a risk. Repeated Poor/scrotal 13 (30%) clitoral surgery may be more damaging to sexual function than Partial fusion 5 (11%) a single procedure. Clitoral regrowth occurred in 39% of Total fusion 1 (2%) patients. Children with mild clitoromegaly should have surgery Overall cosmetic result deferred until they are old enough to be involved in the Good 8 (18%) decision. Surgery should not damage genital sensitivity and Satisfactory 18 (41%) Poor 18 (41%) sexual expression should be pleasurable with the ability for orgasm undiminished; there are currently no objective data for Further treatment recommendations‡ None 1 (2%) these outcomes.
    [Show full text]
  • Psych-Psychoanalyst 4-05.Indd
    Psychologist– Official Publication of Division 39 of the American Psychoanalyst Psychological Association Volume XXV, No.2 Spring 2005 FROM THE PRESIDENT: SAY EVERYTHING David Ramirez, PhD o Es war, soll Ich warden. Where id was, there ego the bedrock beginning for the apprentice psychotherapist, Wshall be. Does psychoanalysis have a motto? If it as important as competence with formal assessment and did, would this be it? These have been words to ponder and knowledge of the DSM. to reference in theoretical papers since written by Freud Despite the cliché “easier said than done,” many of us in 1933, comprising a lexigraphic distillation of what was were taught to listen in ways that recognized listening to be generally considered the aim of the psychoanalytic pro- a special skill requisite to facilitating talk, to saying every- cess. Throughout the twentieth century, these words were thing. We came to understand just how hard this “saying” considered both literally and figuratively as a kind of core is, and that in fact, when it comes to the experience of emo- coda to many psychoanalytic concepts. Where id was, there tion, it is actually much easier to do, to act, than to say. Lis- ego shall be. More koan than motto, psychoanalysis, with tening well as patients struggle to express the difficulties of its combination of mysterious concepts and idealistic out- living and understanding was valued as the psychoanalytic comes, had a little something for everyone. clinician’s strong suit. Key to this transformation of id to ego are the words Today, graduate clinical training is marked by an that constitute the dictate to the subject of analytic therapy: emphasis on activity by the therapist, demonstrated by the “Say everything.” Now there’s a motto! Short and to the phenomenon tagged as “manualized treatments.” These point.
    [Show full text]
  • Memorial Day 2019
    The Newsletter of the Army Residence Community VolumeThe 33 Number 5 Eagle May 2019 Memorial Day 2019 Before They’re Gone: Portraits & Stories of WWII Veterans Exhibit unveiled Inside The Eagle Celebrating Jeanne Patterson’s 100th Birthday May 2019 1 Front Cover: 2 Contents 2 100th Birthday – Jeanne Patterson 3 Birthdays and Passings 3 Memorial Day Observance 4-5 A Conversation with the CEO 6 Traveling Treasures Thank You 7 ARC Golf Scramble 8 Library 8 Notice from Resident Council Chair 9 Golden Diggers 10 WW2 Veterans’ Gallery: Doris Cobb 11 Save the Date: 11 June, Dr. Tom Hatfield Our newest member of Residents who have 12-Poem by jo compton: Our Village Tree joined the Centenarian Club is Jeanne Patterson, 13 ArtsInspire Rules and Categories who resides in Lakeside Villas, and who celebrated 14 WW2 Poetry by Chuck Stout: Cold Feet this event with her family on Thursday, 25 April. 15 Films at Lakeside Theater 16 - 17 Wall Artist of the Month: ElDora Criswell 18-19 March Activities 20 Eagle Luncheon: Anne Krause, President and Executive Director of the Hemisfair Conservancy The ARCNet Eagle continues with: Full Color Photographs from April Events American Revolution, 240 Years Ago Artist of the Month, ElDora Criswell WWII: 75 Years Ago, European Theater WWII: 75 Years Ago, Pacific Theater The Front Cover: May 2019 Grace Newton created this classic cover by capturing several Residents in a relaxed moment before a group picture last year, Jeanne’s family brought a ‘Special Tribute’ Veterans Day. certificate from the State of Michigan (above). The Residents Jeanne is the widow of Colonel “Pat” Patterson, a are, left to WW2 veteran.
    [Show full text]
  • Issue # 157 28 June 2019 Cold Feet to Return to ITV for a Ninth Series
    04/08/2020 Media Weekly Broadcast Issue # 157 28 June 2019 Cold Feet to return to ITV for a ninth series ITV confirmed that BAFTA winning comedy drama, Cold Feet, has been recommissioned for a ninth series from acclaimed creator and writer Mike Bullen and award-winning producers Big Talk Productions. Six further episodes of the Manchester-based series will begin shooting later this year. The Association of Commercial Read more Television in Europe (ACT) is a trade body for the commercial broadcasting sector in Europe. Formed in 1989, the ACT has 27 member companies active in 37 Mediaset’s online channel TgCom24 is the European countries, operating and distributing several most followed online newsroom in Italy thousand free-to-air and pay-tv channels and new media services. With 13% of Italian viewers accessing it at least three times a week and 24% visiting it in the last week, Mediaset’s channel TgCom24 ranks number one online newsroom in Italy in 2019. Looking at the Groups’s news channels as a whole, Mediaset is the favoured choice for 74% of Italians viewers. As trust in online news is undermined by the disinformation phenomenon, Mediaset proves to be a reliable source of information for its viewers. Read more RTL Group: My Brilliant Achievement On 18 June 2019, My Brilliant Friend, a production from Fremantle label Wildside, won the outstanding Drama TV Series award at the 2019 Golden Nymph awards in Monte Carlo. oy99madskp.preview.infomaniak.website/oldsite/acte.be/_old/newsletters/164/50/Issue-157bf6b.html?cntnt01template=webversion-newsletter 1/3 04/08/2020 Media Weekly Broadcast Read more Sky awards £125,000 to five new Women in Technology Scholars Sky has announced its second cohort of Women in Technology Scholars, awarding five talented women a total of £125,000 to accelerate a business idea which harnesses technology innovation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Eccesiastical History of the English Nation (And Lives of Saints and Bishops) [1916]
    The Online Library of Liberty A Project Of Liberty Fund, Inc. Saint Bede, The Eccesiastical History of the English Nation (and Lives of Saints and Bishops) [1916] The Online Library Of Liberty This E-Book (PDF format) is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a private, non-profit, educational foundation established in 1960 to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals. 2010 was the 50th anniversary year of the founding of Liberty Fund. It is part of the Online Library of Liberty web site http://oll.libertyfund.org, which was established in 2004 in order to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. To find out more about the author or title, to use the site's powerful search engine, to see other titles in other formats (HTML, facsimile PDF), or to make use of the hundreds of essays, educational aids, and study guides, please visit the OLL web site. This title is also part of the Portable Library of Liberty DVD which contains over 1,000 books and quotes about liberty and power, and is available free of charge upon request. The cuneiform inscription that appears in the logo and serves as a design element in all Liberty Fund books and web sites is the earliest-known written appearance of the word “freedom” (amagi), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 B.C. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash, in present day Iraq. To find out more about Liberty Fund, Inc., or the Online Library of Liberty Project, please contact the Director at [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • BBC Worldwide and ITV SVOD Service Britbox to Launch in Canada Early 2018
    BBC Worldwide and ITV SVOD Service BritBox to Launch in Canada Early 2018 Service Will Feature Canadian Premieres of Compelling New Dramas Including Idris Elba’s ‘Five by Five,’ Jeff Pope's ‘The Moorside,’ and Jimmy McGovern's 'Reg,' SVOD Drama & Comedy Premieres ‘Maigret,’ ‘Broken,’ ‘Rev,’ ‘Mum,’ and ‘Inside No. 9,’ as Well as Season Premieres of Drama Favorites ‘Cold Feet’ and ‘Silent Witness’ Special ‘Now’ Category of Service to Offer Current Affairs Series ‘The Papers’ and ‘PMQ,’ along with Panel Show ‘QI,’ and Top UK Soaps ‘Casualty,’ ‘Emmerdale,’ and ‘Holby City’ as Soon as 24 Hours After UK Broadcast New York/London – Tuesday, December 12, 2017 – BritBox, the subscription video-on- demand (SVOD) streaming service from BBC Worldwide, the commercial arm of the BBC, and ITV, the UK’s biggest commercial broadcaster, will launch in Canada in early 2018. The service initially launched in the U.S. in March of this year. This unique streaming service will celebrate the very best of British TV, and offer the most comprehensive collection of British content in the market today. For decades, BBC and ITV have produced iconic British television series, and now Canadians will be able to access these programs in a single, curated service allowing fans to find the classic shows they love and discover new hit series. The BritBox proposition will feature: • An array of drama premieres never-before-seen in Canada, including Five by Five, produced by and starring Golden Globe® winner and Oscar® nominee Idris Elba (Luther), and the critically acclaimed series The Moorside, starring Gemma Whelan (Game of Thrones) and Siobhan Finneran (Downton Abby), and Reg, Jimmy McGovern's International Emmy® nominated and RTS winning drama starring Tim Roth (Twin Peaks) and Anna Maxwell Martin (Philomena).
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Development Commission Minutes
    Campbell County Economic Development Commission/CEDS Committee February 23, 2017 The regular meeting of the Campbell County Economic Development Commission was held on Thursday, February 23, 2017, in the Campbell County Citizen Services Building Conference Room, Rustburg, Virginia. Members Present: Richard Carroll Richard Metz George Rosser Also Present: Mike Davidson, Director of Economic Development Sarah Johnson, Program Manager, Economic Development Kim Stewart, Administrative Assistant, Economic Development Members Absent: Lester Wooldridge Hugh Bragg Willie Jones William Anderson Scott Tweedy Kathy Carson Frank Davis Robert Maslow Kevin Davis // Mr. Mike Davidson called the meeting to order at 12:19 p.m. // Mr. Davidson asked the members if they had any comments or corrections to the minutes from the previous meeting, held on September 27, 2016. No corrections were made and a motion was made by Mr. Richard Metz and seconded by Mr. Richard Carroll to approve the minutes. // Mrs. Sarah Johnson provided the following Project Updates. Project Updates • Abbott - We continue to work on obtaining the Performance Agreement signatures. • BGF - We are working with a team from the Virginia Economic Development Partnership to evaluate and assist BGF with storm water management permits issues with DEQ & EPA. • Bojangles - This is still an open project but we have not heard anything from developer in the last three months. • Project Building - I have been contacted by three local companies needing a building in the area. Two are medical in nature utilizing modern technologies and one is a typical advanced manufacturing process. • Project Health - We continue to work with and provide information to a health company prospect on locating a project in Campbell County off of Airport Road.
    [Show full text]
  • December 2018 When Cold Feet Isn’T Just Nerves
    CALL US TODAY – 407-339-7759 • 352-589-9550 (LAKE CO.) News and Updates December 2018 When Cold Feet Isn’t Just Nerves People often talk about cold feet in terms of walking down the aisle or engaging in a stressful event, but what’s going on when your feet just feel cold for seemingly no reason? Many causes of cold feet are nothing to worry about, but others can be sign of an underlying problem. It pays to talk with a podiatrist about your condition if it keeps returning or causes you concerns for other reasons. Among the most common causes of cold feet is poor circulation. The feet, being far from your heart, already have a bigger challenge receiving warm blood fl ow. If a condition is causing your general circulation to be slower, your feet will be among the fi rst to feel it. A potential cause of interrupted circulation is Raynaud’s phenomenon which causes blood vessels in the hands and/or feet to suddenly constrict and spasm, reducing blood fl ow. While sometimes associated with another condition, Raynaud’s phenomenon can also happen entirely on its own to an otherwise healthy person. Also, in some cases, certain medications can mimic this effect. If you are sensing cold, but your feet don’t actually feel cold to the touch, that may be the sign that something is amiss neurologically. The nerves that sense temperature may not be operating as they should and damaged in some way (neuropathy). If that cold feeling also comes with tingling or numbness, the odds of a nerve problem become even more likely.
    [Show full text]
  • Hermione Norris Talks About the Long-Awaited Return of ‘Cold Feet’ and How Her Children Now Take Centre Stage
    ENJOYING FAMILY TIME IN SUNNY SARDINIA HERMIONE NORRIS TALKS ABOUT THE LONG-AWAITED RETURN OF ‘COLD FEET’ AND HOW HER CHILDREN NOW TAKE CENTRE STAGE Hermione, her husband Simon Wheeler and their children Wilf and Hero enjoy a scenic stroll while on holiday in Sardinia (above), a time to regroup after the actress spent six months away on projects, including the long-awaited return series of Cold Feet. “It’s lovely not to have to think about anything apart from, ‘Which pool shall we go to?’” she says of their sunshine break ermione Norris says she’s one of those people Cold Feet established Hermione’s career and put back projects in Leeds and Manchester – first on Hwho doesn’t like to look back. Yet that’s exactly her firmly on the map. But her husband, TV writer In the Club, the Kay Mellor drama about parents-to- what she found herself doing recently on the set of and producer Simon Wheeler, and their children be, then on Cold Feet. Away for months from their Cold Feet, the hit ITV series that last appeared on Wilf, 12, and Hero, eight, now take centre stage. Somerset home, this is the first decent stretch of our screens in 2003 and is due to return this autumn. “It’s all about them,” she says. “They are the most time they’ve spent together for a while. “It felt like only yesterday, but it first started 20 important people in my life.” “It’s lovely not to have to think about anything years ago, so you keep remembering where you We’re chatting in a shady spot of Forte Village, apart from, ‘Which pool shall we go to?’” Hermione were at that time,” she says of being back on set.
    [Show full text]
  • Hypnotic Phenomena
    The Ericksonian Approach to Hypnotic December 2019 Phenomena The Ericksonian Approach to Hypnotic Phenomena Disclaimer: “Materials that are included in this course may include interventions and modalities that are beyond the authorized practice of mental health professionals. As a licensed professional, you are responsible for reviewing the scope of practice, including activities that are defined in law as beyond the boundaries of practice in accordance with and in compliance with your professional standards.” With great appreciation 1 Demonstration 2 What are hypnotic phenomena? • Any response to a hypnotic scenario that does not seem to be the product of conscious intention (e.g., automaticity), or one that occurs in opposition to conscious intention (e.g., immobilization), or one that somehow alters the reality orientation on which conscious intentions are based (e.g., age progression). However… • All hypnotic phenomena occur in ordinary, daily life but without being incorporated into goal-oriented activity (e.g., suddenly not remembering a name, or driving w/o thought). Hypnotic procedure merely activates ordinary behavior within a novel perceptual context. • These phenomena are also necessary for any symptom complex: I didn’t intent to do it, I can’t stop it, or how can this be real. 3 By Dan Short 1 The Ericksonian Approach to Hypnotic December 2019 Phenomena Why use Hypnotic Phenomena? • To ratify the legitimacy of the hypnotic procedure, thus increasing positive expectancy effects associated with therapy outcomes. • To produce a type of virtual reality in which any action or experience can be tested without any risk of real-world consequences. • To transform liabilities into assets that can be utilized during lifelong problem solving.
    [Show full text]
  • Idioms-And-Expressions.Pdf
    Idioms and Expressions by David Holmes A method for learning and remembering idioms and expressions I wrote this model as a teaching device during the time I was working in Bangkok, Thai- land, as a legal editor and language consultant, with one of the Big Four Legal and Tax companies, KPMG (during my afternoon job) after teaching at the university. When I had no legal documents to edit and no individual advising to do (which was quite frequently) I would sit at my desk, (like some old character out of a Charles Dickens’ novel) and prepare language materials to be used for helping professionals who had learned English as a second language—for even up to fifteen years in school—but who were still unable to follow a movie in English, understand the World News on TV, or converse in a colloquial style, because they’d never had a chance to hear and learn com- mon, everyday expressions such as, “It’s a done deal!” or “Drop whatever you’re doing.” Because misunderstandings of such idioms and expressions frequently caused miscom- munication between our management teams and foreign clients, I was asked to try to as- sist. I am happy to be able to share the materials that follow, such as they are, in the hope that they may be of some use and benefit to others. The simple teaching device I used was three-fold: 1. Make a note of an idiom/expression 2. Define and explain it in understandable words (including synonyms.) 3. Give at least three sample sentences to illustrate how the expression is used in context.
    [Show full text]
  • Complex Trauma Therapy in the Treatment of Psychosis: Toward An
    Running head: TRAUMA THERAPY IN TREATMENT OF PSYCHOSIS COMPLEX TRAUMA THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF PSYCHOSIS: TOWARD AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF APPLIED AND PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY OF RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW JERSEY BY LILLIE I. VANDEKAR IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PSYCHOLOGY NEW BRUNSWICK, NEW JERSEY OCTOBER 2019 APPROVED: ___________________________ Monica J. Indart, Psy.D. ___________________________ Louis A. Sass, Ph.D. DEAN: __________________________ Francine Conway, Ph.D. TRAUMA THERAPY IN TREATMENT OF PSYCHOSIS ii Abstract An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that there is a high incidence of childhood trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals with schizophrenia, yet established treatments for psychosis do not address trauma. Recently, there has been an increasing emphasis on incorporating trauma treatment into care for schizophrenia. Despite heightened awareness of the need, there is little information available detailing an effective treatment strategy specifically tailored to this population. To address this need, a phase-oriented individual psychotherapy model is proposed that integrates Courtois and Ford’s (2013) relationship based model, widely recognized as the gold-standard treatment for the treatment of complex trauma, with interpersonal psychodynamic treatment for schizophrenia. The theoretical rationale for the choice of models and their integration are provided along with the historical development leading to the creation of each model. The proposed integrated model is designed for an outpatient population of individuals with psychosis and complex PTSD and is broken down into three general phases. Broadly, Phase I addresses safety, stabilization, and engagement, Phase II focuses on psychosis specific and trauma specific processing, and Phase III involves the consolidation of treatment gains and preparation for treatment termination.
    [Show full text]