Pasta: story and tips Pasta: story and tips: My memories My love for food started from a pasta dish. I watched while my mother, an excellent cook from whom I inherited the passion for cooking, prepared delicious meals. They were always different, and she paid great attention and the care to cook even the most seemingly simple dishes, such as pasta, and I learned by observing and memorizing her gestures. I especially liked to wait for the water to boil, and then, while the pasta was cooking, I stared at the pot, contemplating the delicious dish to come. Tasting pasta during cooking was another rite to make sure it wasal dente. The fact that my mother gave value to my judgment, when I was only a child, meant a lot. Growing up, I realized she wanted, slowly, to involve me in the kitchen because the “independence” of each of us also begins in being able to prepare a meal to feed ourselves. Tasting the pasta was a sort of initiation and has been one of the most important lessons. “You mustn’t be distracted. You have to follow the cooking because even a minute longer can be enough to overcook pasta”- said my mother- “if pasta is overcooked it will taste like glue and even the best seasoning will not give flavor to the dish.” Pasta: the importance of being al dente Al dente is the term for the perfect pasta cooking and is also the word that my mother often said to make sure I did not forget this first basic rule. But even before cooking is the choice of pasta to make a difference. In Italy, there are many shapes, sizes and brands. There are national brands and those products within each Italian region. The quality is top-notch but there is always one brand better than another. The quality of grain (in Italy, pasta is only made with durum wheat) and water are the two most important ingredients by which one has to judge the excellence of pasta. Sometimes, it is difficult even for Italians to choose between the shelves of supermarkets offering dozens and dozens of types of pasta. My mother has always had very clear ideas on her favorites and I was educated to choose with critical eyes. Even as a child I was used to eating organic durum wheat pasta, whole wheat pasta, and pasta made with ancient grains. As an adult, I also discovered corn, rice and buckwheat pasta, naturally gluten-free, which I appreciate for its high digestibility. I often propose gluten free pasta, especially in my summer recipes for a light, easy dish. © Ph. Veronica Lavenia – The Wolf Post Pasta: Italian culinary excellence Pasta is the best known symbol of Italian cuisine. Abroad, it is customary to believe that fresh pasta is more popular than dry pasta. In truth, it is not so. Strictly prepared with durum wheat, dried pasta, cooked al dente, and combined with not too elaborate sauces is one of the signature dishes of the Mediterranean Diet (UNESCO Intangible Heritage), a dish that Italians consume daily. The common belief of foreigners is that pasta (like pizza) makes you fat. However, many Italians eat a plate of pasta once a day and are among the longest-lived people in the world (along with the Japanese) and are some of the less obese in the world. The pasta’s condiments of the Mediterranean Diet are also fresh and seasonal, proving to be a healthy and simple option for a meal. Pasta: a shape for each sauce The most common types of dried pasta in the world are “rigatoni”, “penne”, “fusilli” and “spaghetti” but in Italy there are endless amounts of forms of dry pasta Below is a list of the most common shapes with which you can create as many tasty recipes. © Ph. Veronica Lavenia – The Wolf Post Short pastas (Pasta corta) Anelletti: “small rings” are often used for soup or, especially in Sicily, for oven baked pasta. Calamarata: these “rings” are perfect for every kind of sauce. Conchiglie: “shells pasta” is excellent with sauce, vegetables and cheese. Cellentani: small tubed pasta shape, ideal for sauces or baking. Ditali (or ditalini): these short tubes of pasta can be served with soup or legumes. Farfalle: known also as “bow tie pasta”, they are used for salads but they are also great with sauce such as simple tomato. Fusilli: the sauce fits perfectly in the spiral of these delicious pasta. Malloreddus: or “Sardinian gnocchi”, are the traditional pasta of Sardinia Island. The name, “Malloreddu”, which means “bull” in Southern Sardinia (so the plural, “malloreddus”, means “calves”) comes from the shape and texture of dense pasta made with durum wheat semolina. Paccheri: they are a big size pasta perfect for strong sauces, such as ragu. Penne: smooth (“lisce”) or ridged (“rigate”), penne absorbs more sauce and can be used also with salad. Radiatori:“Radiators” are perfect for salads and for vegetable sauces. Rigatoni: Rigatoni are ridged tubes of pasta, perfect for every sauce. Ruote: “Wagon wheels” are ideal for salads. Sedanini: “Little celery stalks” are perfect for all tomato sauces. Long pastas (pasta lunga) Bucatini: their names means “buco”, hole, and has a particular function. The hole allows pasta to cook perfectly. Water enters as the pasta boils and reduces the cooking time. Busiati trapanesi: Sicilian pasta shaped with trapanese pesto. Linguine: “Little tongues” are generally used with seafood and tomato sauce. Reginette:“Little queen” also known as “Mafaldine” (Little Mafalda), they were created to celebrate the birth of Princess Mafalda di Savoia, born in 1902 to Vittorio Emanuele III, the last King of Italy. Spaghetti: the most famous type of pasta is perfect for every kind of sauce. The origins of dried pasta: a short intro Arabs introduced the use of dried pasta to Western Sicily, although pasta had been eaten since the Greeks and Romans under the name of “Lagana”, similar to the current lasagna. Over the centuries, Sicily and Liguria regions have given rise to the spread of dried pasta in Italy. Both Sicilians and Ligurians moved to sea and had the need for supplies that lasted a long time, occupied little space and had a high energy input. The drying process in these regions has been favored by a perfect Mediterranean climate. At that time, pasta was made with semolina flour. The producer sat down on a bench and used his feet to mix and knead the dough. Naples was one of the cities that first imported pasta from Sicily and it also was the city that, in 1600, marked a turning point for the production of dried pasta (in Italian: “Pasta secca”) as a typical product of Italian culture. In Naples, pasta was lying in the reeds exposed to sunlight or fresh air. Soon, Gragnano, a small town near Naples, became famous, first in Italy and then all over the world, for its high quality pasta, thanks to perfect weather (sun, wind and the right humidity). In the past, the main streets of this small city were designed specifically to be best used for the natural drying of pasta, with special exposure to the sun. Gragnano pasta (nowadays exported all over the world and sold in supermarkets and shops of the best Italian food) is obtained by grinding the wheat grown in specially demarcated areas and reducing it to flour. Flour is mixed with water from the springs of the valley and makes it lie down on wooden frames. Then, the dough is cut with a knife from the “cutters”, according to the desired size and dried with advanced machinery. Until the end of the eighteenth century, pasta was consumed without any seasoning or only with cheese. With the discovery of the Americas, tomatoes (that in the Mediterranean Countries soon found fertile soil) slowly were used as a sauce for pasta. The first tomato sauce (with salt and basil), was invented in Southern Italy to flavor “macaroni”. Today, the industry of pasta is one of the leading sectors of Made in Italy products with an ever expanding International market. It is considered a complete food, with a low calorie intake, since it is composed of highly digestible carbohydrates and a good source of iron and B vitamins. Pasta: dried pasta is made with durum wheat In Italy, dried pasta is only made with durum wheat, while other Countries allow the use of wheat. The Italian durum wheat holds, in fact, optimal cooking. Italy is a precious puzzle of gourmet foods where each type of pasta and sauces represents different traditions of each city. © Ph. Veronica Lavenia – The Wolf Post Pasta: cooking tips Pasta cooking time depends on its size and thickness. Pasta should be cooked al dente, so not too cooked or too raw. In this way, it is more digestible, more tasty and the nutritional properties remain unchanged. Pasta should be cooked in a large saucepan otherwise it tends to stick during cooking. Add salt only when the water reaches a boil. The cooking water must remain clear, indicating the high quality of the grain. Long pasta must be enlarged in the pot and it must not be broken. Short pasta should be “dipped to rain”, to avoid clusters on the bottom of the pot. Stir gently, frequently for the first few minutes so that pasta does not stick and, occasionally, during the rest of the cooking. Each format has its own pasta cooking time but the safest method to see if it is ready it’s to taste it. You can also test the hardness of pasta with a fork or evaluating the exterior color of pasta that becomes clearer during cooking.