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Owens Basin Wetland and Aquatic Species Recovery Plan Lnyo and Mono Counties,California OWENS BASIN WETLAND and AQUATIC SPECIES RECOVERY PLAN

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Owens Basin Wetland and Aquatic Species Recovery Plan Lnyo and Mono Counties,California OWENS BASIN WETLAND and AQUATIC SPECIES RECOVERY PLAN Owens Basin Wetland and Aquatic Species Recovery Plan lnyo and Mono Counties,California OWENS BASIN WETLAND AND AQUATIC SPECIES RECOVERY PLAN INYG AND MONO COUNTIES, CALIFORNIA Owens pupfish, Owens tui chub, and Fish Slough milk-vetch and Selected Species of Concern Region I U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Portland, Oregon Approved: U.S. ish and Wildlife Service Date: Cooperators r Concurred ~ .L~ ~zz:~~;WN ~ Director, California Department of Fish and Game Concurred K2) ~ C)\\Q~~~ \ CN ~N State Director, U.S. Bureau of Lana Management Concurred Regional ii DISCLAIMER Recovery plans delineate reasonable actions that are believed to be required to recover and/or protect listed species. Plans are published by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), and sometimes prepared with the assistance ofrecovery teams, contractors, State agencies, and others. Objectives will be attained and necessary funds made available subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved, as well as the need to address other priorities. Recovery plans do not necessarily represent the views or the official positions or approval ofany individuals or agencies involved in the plan formulation, other than the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. They represent the official position of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service only after they have been signed by the Regional Director or Director as approved. Approved recovery plans are subject to modification as dictated by new findings, changes in species status, and the completion of recovery tasks. LITERATURE CITATIONS The literature citation for this recovery plan should read as follows: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1998. Owens Basin Wetland and Aquatic Species Recovery Plan, Inyo and Mono Counties, California. Portland, Oregon. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Preparation of the Owens Basin Wetland and Aquatic Species Recovery Plan wasjointly funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, California Department of Fish and Game, and U.S. Bureau of Land Management. The U.S. Bureau of Land Management office in Bishop provided expertise and facilities for geographic information system mapping and analysis. A draft of this plan was prepared under contract by Dr. Donald W. Sada, Dr. Richard MacMillen and Mrs. Mary DeDecker. Preparation ofthe plan also benefitted greatly from the involvement of members ofthe Owens Valley Multi- Species Recovery Task Force: Carl Benz, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Betsy Bolster, California Department of Fish and Game Cat Brown, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service John Gustafson, California Department of Fish and Game Anne Halford, U.S. Bureau of Land Management Chris Howard, Inyo County Water Department Sally Manning, Inyo County Water Department David Mays, U.S. Forest Service Clarence Martin, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power Mary Meyer, California Department ofFish and Game Sandy Morey, California Department of Fish and Game Steve Nelson, U.S. Bureau of Land Management Patti Novak, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power Alan Pickard, California Department of Fish and Game Edwin P. Pister, Desert Fishes Council Denyse Racine, California Department of Fish and Game Terry Russi, U.S. Bureau ofLand Management Diane Steeck, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Kate Symonds, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Brian Tillemans, Los Angeles Department ofWater and Power Darrell Wong, California Department ofFish and Game iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Current Species Status: Owens pupfish and Owens tui chub are listed as endangered throughout their range. Fish Slough milk-vetch is listed as threatened throughout its range. Owens pupfish is declining, Owens tui chub and Fish Slough milk-vetch are stable or slowly declining. Owens Valley checkerbloom (Sidalcea covillei) (stable), Inyo County mariposa lily (Calochortus excavatus) (stable or declining), Owens speckled dace (stable), Long Valley speckled dace (declining), Owens Valley vole (status unknown), and the Owens, Fish Slough, and Aardhal’s springsnails (presumed stable) are species of concern. Habitat Requirements and Limiting Factors: The fish species reside in springs, streams, or river. The plants and the vole require mesic alkali meadows adjacent to aquatic habitats. Springsnails require springs, but do not inhabit streams or rivers. All species are affected by non-native species, habitat modification for diversion and ground water pumping. Excessive livestock grazing may affect voles, plants, and springsnails. Recovery Objectives: Delist Owens pupfish, Owens tui chub, and Fish slough milk-vetch. Protect species ofconcern so that listing is unnecessary. Recoverv Criteria: Owens pupfish delisting may occur when reproducing populations are established as part ofself-sustaining native fish assemblages in aquatic habitats in four Conservation Areas for a period of 7 consecutive years. Owens tui chub delisting may occur when reproducing populations are established as part of self-sustaining native fish assemblages in seven Conservation Areas for a period of 5 consecutive years. Delisting of Fish Slough milk-vetch may be consideredwhen the vegetation communities in which it occurs are restored, populations are on protected lands and adequately secured from human-induced threats, and populations have maintained demographic characteristics, as measured by monitoring over a 10 to 15 year period, indicating they are likely to be viable over the long-term. Actions Needed 1. Protect and expand Owens tui chub and Owens pupfish refuges until Conservation Area populations are secure. 2. Delineate Conservation Area boundaries. 3. Manage Conservation Areas to control deleterious non-native plants and animals, rehabilitate habitats, reestablish populations, and protect habitats. V : 4. Conduct research to determine management strategies that will maintain characteristics ofnatural community persistence and resilience. 5. Implement population and habitat monitoring in Conservation Areas. 6. Initiate a public information and education program about the rare species in the Owens Basin. Date ofRecoverv: Delisting could occur as early as 2015. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Pane Executive Summary v List ofTables ix List ofFigures x I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Location, History, and Ecology 6 B. Species Accounts 17 1. Listed and Proposed Species 18 Owens Pupfish 18 Owens Tui Chub 22 Fish slough milk-vetch 28 2. Species of Concern 32 Owens Valley Vole 32 Owens Speckled Dace and Long Valley Speckled Dace 36 Owens Valley Springsnail, Fish Slough Springsnail and Aardhal’s Springsnail 40 Owens Valley checkerbloom 44 Inyo County mariposa lily 48 C. Conservation Measures 53 D. Strategy ofRecovery 54 Conservation Areas Summaries 65 II. RECOVERY 81 Objective 81 vii Prevent Extinction 81 Downlisting Criteria 82 Delisting Criteria 84 Conservation ofSpecies of Concern 85 Narrative Outline for Recovery Actions 86 References 114 III. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE 126 IV. APPENDIX A: Conservation Area Selection Matrix and Analysis Summary Al APPENDIX B: Recovery Priority System Matrix B 1 APPENDIX C: Owens Basin Sensitive Wetland and Aquatic Species Management Guidelines Cl APPENDIX D: Peer Review and Summary of Comments Dl viii LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1. Listed, proposed, and species of concern covered in Owens Basin wetland and aquatic species recovery plan (Tier 1 species) 4 Table 2. Other listed and species of concern associated with Owens Basin wetland and aquatic ecosystems (Tier 2 species) 5 Table 3. Natural Resource Conservation Service Ecological Site Descriptions for Owens basin wetland ecosystems 10 Table 4. Matrix variables for rating Conservation Area ecological values 57 Table 5. Recommended Owens Basin Conservation Areas and their associated rare species 62 Table 6. Estimated potential aquatic habitat in Conservation Areas 83 Table 7. Priority ranking of Conservation Areas for implementation ofrecovery tasks 88 Table 8. Possible conflicting uses occurring in Conservation Areas . .. 108 ix LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1. Location of Owens basin and its major geographic features 7 Figure 2. Illustration of Owens pupfish 19 Figure 3. Historical and current distribution of Owens pupfish 23 Figure 4. Illustration of Tui Chub 25 Figure 5. Historical and current distribution of Owens tui chub 26 Figure 6. Historical and current distribution of Fish Slough milk-vetch 31 Figure 7. Illustration of California vole 33 Figure 8. Owens Valley vole collection localities 35 Figure 9. Illustration of the speckled dace 37 Figure 10. Historical and current distribution of Long Valley speckled dace and Owens speckled dace 39 Figure 11. Illustration of springsnails 41 Figure 12. Distribution ofAardhal’s springsnail, Fish Slough springsnail, and Owens springsnail in the Owens Basin 42 Figure 13. Illustration of Owens Checkerbloom 45 Figure 14. Current distribution of Owens Valley checkerbloom 46 Figure 15. Illustration of Inyo County mariposa lily 49 Figure 16. Current distribution ofInyo County mariposa lily 50 Figure 17. Approximate location of Conservation Areas in Long Valley, Mono County, California 68 x Figure 18. Approximate location ofConservation Areas near Benton, Mono County, California 71 Figure 19. Approximate location ofConservation Areas in northern Owens Valley, Inyo and Mono counties, California 74 Figure 20. Approximate location ofConservation Areas near Big Pine, Inyo County, California 76 Figure 21. Approximate location of Conservation Areas near Independence, Inyo County, California 78 Figure 22. Approximate location of Conservation Area near Owens Dry Lake, Inyo County, California
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