AL-AQSA MOSQUE COMPOUND TARGETTED Lurking Dangers between Politics and Prophecies INTRODUCTION April 2015 Al-Aqsa Mosque compound, also referred to as the Noble Sanctuary (Haram Ash-Sharif in Arabic), is a sacred site TABLE OF CONTENTS: of great significance to Muslims all over the world. It is a place that has aroused fervent religious passions among I. What is Al-Aqsa Mosque ............. 2 believers throughout the history of Jerusalem. Many con- quering armies have entered the site as the city has been II. History ......................................... 5 contested by Assyrians, Babylonians, Egyptians, Arabs, III. Current Situation ........................ 8 Greeks, Romans, Persians, Mongols, Mamluks, Ottomans, and the British - to name only a few. IV. Israeli goals ............................... 14 V. Muslim/Palestinian Fears .......... 17 For over 14 centuries a status quo has been main- tained according to which the Al-Aqsa compound is VI. International Law & Positions .. 19 acknowledged as an Islamic property reserved for Muslim prayers. The holy site has witnessed numer- VII. Conclusion................................ 20 ous political crises and violent clashes throughout the PASSIA Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs, Jerusalem Tel: +972-2-6264426, Fax: +972-2-6282819, E-mail:
[email protected], Website: www.passia.org, PO Box 19545, Jerusalem years.1 The mosque’s sanctity and safety have been increasingly undermined since the Israeli occupation in 1967. In 1969, an Australian Christian Zionist, Dennis Rohan, even set Al-Aqsa (Al-Qibli) Mosque on fire, completely destroying large parts of it, including its Ayoubi-era pulpit.2 Historically the entire holy compound is a Muslim Waqf and Jewish law prohibits Jews from entering it, but “visits” by Jewish extremists under armed Israeli guard (while Palestinians are denied access) have escalat- ed over the last decade and undeniably added a religious dimension to a predominantly political conflict.