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Lewistown Borough 3
GRANVILLE TOWNSHIP SUPERVISORS 100 HELEN STREET LEWISTOWN, PA 17044 717-242-2334 Mark M. Ellinger, Chairman William W. Page, Vice-Chairman James A. Smith, Supervisor □ Township Office □ Road Department □ Police Department □ Code Department □ Sewer & Water Department March 23, 2021 Lewistown Sentinel Lewistown, PA 17044 In response to Council President Shade’s recent article in The Sentinel, the Township would like to bring light to the untrue statements made by President Shade. Granville Township did abolish our Sewer Authority and in turn made it a Department within the Township. Her only factual statement. The rest of her comments in reference to Granville Township are all false. In our situation our Authority never functioned 100% independently like the Municipal Authority of the Borough of Lewistown (MABL). The Township since installing our first sewer line has always maintained the payroll, pension, insurances, etc. for our Sewer Department. We invoice the Sewer Dept. monthly for the costs. We have never raped, pillaged or stolen from our Sewer Department for the General Fund as she implies or as the Borough is planning to do with MABL dollars. We didn’t realize that another governmental body or constituents wanting to ask questions or disagreeing with public officials was an attack. It is not the intent of a Countywide Authority to “continue attacks”. We can’t continue something that never occurred. If it was, why would Lewistown Borough have three (3) seats at the table? We as a group of neighboring municipalities have never been “anti-Lewistown”. We have publicly asked for Lewistown Borough to come to the table to find a resolution that suits the entire County and Lewistown Borough has refused. -
Who Freed Athens? J
Ancient Greek Democracy: Readings and Sources Edited by Eric W. Robinson Copyright © 2004 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd The Beginnings of the Athenian Democracv: Who Freed Athens? J Introduction Though the very earliest democracies lildy took shape elsewhere in Greece, Athens embraced it relatively early and would ultimately become the most famous and powerful democracy the ancient world ever hew. Democracy is usually thought to have taken hold among the Athenians with the constitutional reforms of Cleisthenes, ca. 508/7 BC. The tyrant Peisistratus and later his sons had ruled Athens for decades before they were overthrown; Cleisthenes, rallying the people to his cause, made sweeping changes. These included the creation of a representative council (bode)chosen from among the citizens, new public organizations that more closely tied citizens throughout Attica to the Athenian state, and the populist ostracism law that enabled citizens to exile danger- ous or undesirable politicians by vote. Beginning with these measures, and for the next two centuries or so with only the briefest of interruptions, democracy held sway at Athens. Such is the most common interpretation. But there is, in fact, much room for disagree- ment about when and how democracy came to Athens. Ancient authors sometimes refer to Solon, a lawgiver and mediator of the early sixth century, as the founder of the Athenian constitution. It was also a popular belief among the Athenians that two famous “tyrant-slayers,” Harmodius and Aristogeiton, inaugurated Athenian freedom by assas- sinating one of the sons of Peisistratus a few years before Cleisthenes’ reforms - though ancient writers take pains to point out that only the military intervention of Sparta truly ended the tyranny. -
Shared Place Names Hide Different Meanings
Shared Place Names Hide Different Meanings There are 170 streams in Montana named Spring Creek, and three of them are in Jefferson County. One contributes to Little Whitetail Creek, just below where the McClusky Fire burned for two months last summer; another is a small tributary to Turnley Creek and its beaver dams just west of the town of Elkhorn; the third is the longest, running from the Montana Tunnels Mine to Jefferson City, where it pours into Prickly Pear Creek. When a space on earth is given a name it becomes more than just the sum of its parts, and it becomes a place. Why a chunk of earth is named what it is can serve different purposes. It can be descriptive, like Rock Creek. Some names are attempts to etch on the map a permanent reminder of the namer or someone who first turned that space into a place, such as Wilson Creek. Others, and perhaps the most beautiful, are attempts to put to paper the way a place makes one feel, as with The Angels Bathing Pool in Montana’s Mission Mountains. No matter the origin, it is important for geographic features to have standardized names. It was just a function of how Anglo-Americans moved across the landscape that the names of modern features were not all configured at once, and so while one pioneer came across a creek in northeast Montana that had cottonwood trees on it and so proclaimed it Cottonwood Creek, a miner in southwest Montana came across a similar creek and did the same thing. -
Intermediaries in Humanitarian Assistance to Syrian Refugees in Jordan and Lebanon
This is a repository copy of Between international donors and local faith communities: Intermediaries in humanitarian assistance to Syrian refugees in Jordan and Lebanon. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/135041/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Kraft, K and Smith, JD orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-6089 (2019) Between international donors and local faith communities: Intermediaries in humanitarian assistance to Syrian refugees in Jordan and Lebanon. Disasters, 43 (1). pp. 24-45. ISSN 0361-3666 https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12301 © 2018, Wiley. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article:Kraft, K and Smith, JD (2018) Between international donors and local faith communities: Intermediaries in humanitarian assistance to Syrian refugees in Jordan and Lebanon. Disasters , which has been published in final form at 10.1111/disa.12301. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. -
NOTHING to HIDE: Tools for Talking (And Listening) About Data Privacy for Integrated Data Systems
NOTHING TO HIDE: Tools for Talking (and Listening) About Data Privacy for Integrated Data Systems OCTOBER 2018 Acknowledgements: We extend our thanks to the AISP Network and Learning Community, whose members provided their support and input throughout the development of this toolkit. Special thanks to Whitney Leboeuf, Sue Gallagher, and Tiffany Davenport for sharing their experiences and insights about IDS privacy and engagement, and to FPF Policy Analyst Amy Oliver and FPF Policy Intern Robert Martin for their contributions to this report. We would also like to thank our partners at Third Sector Capital Partners and the Annie E. Casey Foundation for their support. This material is based upon work supported by the Corporation for National and Community Service (CNCS). Opinions or points of view expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position of, or a position that is endorsed by, CNCS or the Social Innovation Fund. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2 Why engage and communicate about privacy? ................................................................................................................................................. 2 Using this toolkit to establish social license to integrate data ..................................................................................................................... -
Pastor's Leadership in Tithing Has Paid Dividends
Lower Susquehanna Synod news Pastor’s leadership in tithing has paid dividends When St. Paul Lutheran, York, interviewed the Rev. Stan Reep as a potential pastor, they asked how he’d advise the church to use its $3.6 million of inherited wealth. He said the first step is to tithe it—give away 10 percent. “And everybody looked at me like I had three heads,” said Reep, who explained that he and his wife, Emily, believed strongly in tithing and practiced it faithfully. “I said, well, it’s the same theology. If you want the congregation to do this, if you want the members to do this, you have to lead by doing it.” When Reep was called as pastor there in 2004, he followed through. St. Paul gave away $360,000 and made it a policy to tithe all future gift income. “In the 12 years I’ve been there, I think we’ve given away $1 million,” he said. “There’s a loaves and fishes crazy, crazy situation!” Tithing isn’t only the policy for new bequests, but The Rev. Stan Reep (left) talks Bible with Tony Culp. also an undercurrent of St. Paul’s annual cam- paigns, where people are subtly invited to consider the importance of generosity and also the faithful tithing. St. Paul also recently held a “Try a Tithe stewarding of the resources entrusted to us.” Sunday,” where members were asked, just for that Sunday, to donate 10 percent of their weekly In addition to asking people about their giving, income. The offering was about $6,300, compared the annual stewardship campaign invites people to the usual $4,000. -
The Forgotten Fifth: Rural Youth and Substance Abuse
THE FORGOTTEN FIFTH: RURAL YOUTH AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE Lisa R. Pruitt* This Article seeks to raise the visibility of the roughly twenty percent of the U.S. population who live in rural places—an often forgotten fifth—in rela- tion to the particular challenges presented by adolescent substance abuse. De- spite popular notions that substance abuse is essentially an urban phenomenon, recent data demonstrate that it is also a significant problem in rural America. Rural youth now abuse most substances, including alcohol and tobacco, at higher rates and at younger ages than their urban peers. The Article assesses the social, economic and spatial milieu in which rural adolescent substance abuse has burgeoned. Features of some rural communi- ties, such as a tolerance for youth and lenient and informal law enforcement responses, appear to benefit youth. Indeed, these are consistent with juvenile justice trends, such as diversion programs. Yet other characteristics of rural communities, such as limited social service and healthcare infrastructures, un- dermine the efficacy of such programs. Arguing that national drug policies often reflect urban agendas and leave rural communities disserved, this Article calls for policies that are more sensi- tive to rural contexts. It advocates nuanced empirical research that will provide a more comprehensive understanding of rural risk factors and, in turn, inform rural prevention, treatment, and diversion programs. Finally, it argues that fed- eral, state, and local responses to adolescent substance abuse must tackle defi- ciencies in rural infrastructure, while keeping in mind factors that differentiate rural places from what has become the implicit urban norm in law- and policy- * Professor of Law, University of California, Davis. -
OECD Regions at a Glance Regions Are High on the Policy Agenda of OECD Countries
OECD Regions at a Glance Regions are high on the policy agenda of OECD countries. And it is no wonder. Just 10% of regions accounted for more than half of total employment creation in most OECD countries between 1998 and 2003. This means that national growth tends to be driven by the dynamism of a small number of regions. Policy makers need sound statistical information on the source of regional competitiveness, OECD Regions but such information is not always available. Sub-national data are limited and regional indicators are difficult to compare between countries. OECD Regions at a Glance aims to fill this gap by analysing and comparing major territorial patterns and regional trends across OECD countries. It assesses the at a Glance impact of regions on national growth. It identifies unused resources that can be mobilised to improve regional competitiveness. And it tackles more intangible factors that can make the difference: it shows how regions compete in terms of well-being (access to higher education, health services, safety, etc.). This publication presents over 30 indicators in a reader-friendly format. Each indicator is illustrated by graphs and maps. A dynamic link (StatLink) is provided for each graph and map, which directs the user to a web page where the corresponding data are available in Excel®. OECD Regions at a Glance The full text of this book is available on line via these links: www.sourceoecd.org/governance/9789264009875 www.sourceoecd.org/regionaldevelopment/9789264009875 Those with access to all OECD books on line should use this link: www.sourceoecd.org/9789264009875 SourceOECD is the OECD’s online library of books, periodicals and statistical databases. -
New York City Census Blocks for 2000 US Census Metadata
Page 1 of 11 New York City Census Blocks for 2000 US Census ESRI Shapefile Tags New York, Manhattan, Queens, Brooklyn, Richmond, boundaries, Bronx, Kings, boundary, borough, Staten Island, New York City, LIONdistricts, Monthly Summary These districts were created by the Department of City Planning to aid city agencies in administering public services. Description The Census Blocks for the 2000 US Census boundary files are derived from the US Census Bureau's TIGER project and have been geographically modified to fit the New York City base map. Because some census blocks are under water not all census blocks are contained in this file, only census blocks that are partially or totally located on land have been mapped in this file. Credits Department of City Planning. Use limitations This dataset is being provided by the Department of City Planning (DCP) on DCP’s website for informational purposes only. DCP does not warranty the completeness, accuracy, content, or fitness for any particular purpose or use of the dataset, nor are any such warranties to be implied or inferred with respect to the dataset as furnished on the website. DCP and the City are not liable for any deficiencies in the completeness, accuracy, content, or fitness for any particular purpose or use the dataset, or applications utilizing the dataset, provided by any third party. Page 2 of 11 Extent West -74.257159 East -73.699215 North 40.915568 South 40.495992 Scale Range Maximum (zoomed in) 1:5,000 Minimum (zoomed out) 1:150,000,000 ArcGIS Metadata ► Topics and Keywords -
Faith Integration and Christian Witness in Relief and Development: Reflections and Practical Guidance
Christian Relief, Development, and Advocacy 1(1), Summer 2019 Faith Integration and Christian Witness in Relief and Development: Reflections and Practical Guidance for Field Teams Ray Norman and Odoi Odotei This paper examines practical opportunities to strengthen faith integration within relief and development field teams through intentional development of a shared understanding of Christian witness, leveraging Christian identity (through the development of messaging statements), recognizing “sacramental moments,” engaging faith leaders and understanding unique opportunities that exist when working with mixed faith teams. Field teams often struggle to effectively and consistently integrate their Christian faith in their technical programs. Many are comprised of staff who have professional training and/or technical backgrounds, but little theological training or experience with how their Christian faith can practically inform the way their field programs are implemented. Field teams may also be comprised of individuals with diverse denominational backgrounds and Christian faith traditions, and some team members may even be of another faith, which can present challenges in developing a team-owned approach to Christian witness. Moreover, field teams may work among mixed-faith, or other-faith communities, which can present unique challenges for how Christian faith is appropriately integrated in the relief or development milieu. In addition to examining the aforementioned opportunities, this paper suggests best practices, along with practical considerations and steps to develop applicable methods, especially for restricted contexts. While these suggested practices have been developed in the context of World Vision’s Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) programs, the methods presented should be easily adaptable for field activities in other development sectors. -
Answer in Full Sentences Title: William's Government Changes
Title: William’s government changes Who was Lanfranc? (1 Describe two changes of What was forfeiture? (1 point) the feudal system (2 point) points) What was demesne? (2 How did William change What was knight points) life in Norman England? service? (1 point) (3 points, 1 per change) What was homage? (1 How did William reduce How did William point) the role of the earls? (2 Normanise the church? points) (3 points) How many points can you get? Answer in full sentences Title: How did William use the government to increase his own power? How does the Rule of law, role of the individual government liberty compare today? Learning Objectives -Describe the changes William made to the government. -Explain why William reduced the role of the Earls and used regents. -Assess the importance of the office of the sheriff and the demesne. Granted land and tax concessions William I Provided peace, law, protection in Knight service according to set quote return for loyalty and service Tax (and reliefs) Justice (baronial courts) Tenants-in-chief (Lords, bishops and abbots) Granted land and other privileges Military service in return for land Tax (and reliefs) Under-tenants Justice (manorial courts) (Vassals) Land service (farming on vassal’s Provided land to be worked land)/ Rent Peasants (Some free men, but the majority were bound to one lord) Key terms: King (William I), Vassals, under-tenants, tenants-in-chief, peasants, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=txA48AcJNmg&t=288s granted land, knight service, military service, land service, tax, justice https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUzRNp7OucQ Learning Objectives -Describe the changes William made to the government. -
Rural America in Transition: Poverty and Welfare at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century
Upjohn Institute Press Rural America in Transition: Poverty and Welfare at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century Daniel T. Lichter Ohio State University Leif Jensen Pennsylvania State University Chapter 3 (pp. 77-110) in: Rural Dimensions of Welfare Reform Bruce A. Weber, Greg J. Duncan, and Leslie A. Whitener, eds. Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 2002 DOI: 10.17848/9781417508884.ch3 Copyright ©2002. W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. All rights reserved. 3 Rural America in Transition Poverty and Welfare at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century Daniel T. Lichter The Ohio State University Leif Jensen Pennsylvania State University The passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996 ended the nation’s largest cash assistance program (Aid to Families with Dependent Children [AFDC]) and replaced it with Temporary Assistance for Needy Fami- lies (TANF). The new legislation has sought to end dependence on public assistance by “promoting job preparation, work and marriage.” To early critics of the bill, “the end of welfare as we know it” was a leg- islative calamity, one that would bring new material hardships and so- cial injustice to America’s most vulnerable and innocent population— children living with low-income, single mothers. These early fears have not materialized. Rather than rising, the poverty rate among America’s children, although still high, fell in 1998 to its lowest level (18.9 percent) in almost 20 years. Welfare reform happened at a propitious time. The United States began the twenty-first century in the midst of its longest economic ex- pansion in modern economic history.