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Contumacious Beasts: a Story of Two Diastylidae (Cumacea) from Arctic Waters S

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Contumacious Beasts: a Story of Two Diastylidae (Cumacea) from Arctic Waters S The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship School of Marine Sciences 2-1-2000 Contumacious Beasts: A Story of Two Diastylidae (Cumacea) from Arctic Waters S. Gerken Les Watling University of Maine - Main, [email protected] A. B. Klitgaard Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/sms_facpub Repository Citation Gerken, S.; Watling, Les; and Klitgaard, A. B., "Contumacious Beasts: A Story of Two Diastylidae (Cumacea) from Arctic Waters" (2000). Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship. 28. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/sms_facpub/28 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, 20(1): 31–43, 2000 CONTUMACIOUS BEASTS: A STORY OF TWO DIASTYLIDAE (CUMACEA) FROM ARCTIC WATERS Sarah Gerken, Les Watling, and Anne B. Klitgaard (SG, LW) Darling Marine Center, University of Maine, Walpole, Maine 04573, U.S.A. (SG e-mail: [email protected]); (ABK) Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark ABSTRACT A full description of the subadult male holotype of the diastylid Ektonodiastylis robusta, new genus, new species, is presented, as well as of the adult male and adult female of E. nimia. Ek- tonodiastylis nimia is transferred from Brachydiastylis to Ektonodiastylis. The family definition of Diastylidae is expanded. The implications of this expansion on the systematics of the Cumacea in general, and Diastylidae and Gynodiastylidae in particular, are discussed. A recent visit to the Zoologisk Museum, in the family Diastylidae; in the genus At- Copenhagen, by one of us (SG) included the lantistylis, pleopods are completely absent in opportunity to inspect material collected by males. The material described herein repre- a 1995 Danish marine biological expedition sents the first case of a male with one pair of to Independence Fjord in northeastern Green- pleopods. land. Independence Fjord is approximately 200 km long and 20 km wide at the maximum MATERIALS AND METHODS width, and covered with ice year-round. In the Samples from Independence Fjord were collected with summer, long leads form in the ice due to an Ockelmann detritus dredge through holes or leads in the ice, at depths of 20–200 m. The sample from the tidal movements. The expedition to Indepen- Canadian Arctic was obtained with a grab and had been dence Fjord, led by Dr. Eigeil Knuth, fol- stored in the collections of the Canadian Arctic Biolog- lowed the framework of the Danish Peary ical Station, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec. These col- Land Expeditions. The purpose of the expe- lections have now been moved to the Canadian Museum of Nature in Ottawa. Drawings were prepared using a dition was to collect faunistic data for com- camera lucida mounted on a Wild compound microscope. parison with similar work done in the much Body length was measured from the tips of the pseudoros- smaller Jørgen Brønlund Fjord (Schiotte, tral lobes to the posterior border of the last body somite. 1989). Within the Independence Fjord material, a SYSTEMATICS species was found that appeared to fit the de- scription of Brachdiastylis nimia Hansen, Family Diastylidae Bate, 1856 1920, described from eastern Greenland; Diagnosis (modified after Day, 1980).—Fla- however, the males possessed only one pair gellum of antenna 2 of male with many short of pleopods. Hansen’s material did not in- segments and reaching at least to posterior clude males, whereas the new specimens from end of thorax. Mandible normally navicular northeastern Greenland include an abundance (boat-shaped) but truncated above molar in of subadult males and a single adult male, Diastyloides. Branchial filament divided into along with females of all stages. A single pair numerous leaflets. Exopods present on max- of pleopods was present in all males exam- illiped 3 and pereiopods 1–4 in males, pre- ined and, therefore, is not an instance of a sin- sent in female on maxilliped 3 (except in gle contumacious (=rebellious, disobedient) Paradiastylis) and on pereiopods 1–2, rudi- individual. mentary on or absent from pereiopods 3 and In addition, within a collection of isopods 4. Male with no pleopods (Atlantistylis), one from the Canadian Arctic, another subadult (Ektonodiastylis) or two pairs of pleopods (all male cumacean was discovered that also pos- other genera); no outer process on inner ra- sessed a single pair of pleopods. Males with mus of pleopod. Telson variable, usually fewer than two pairs of pleopods are unusual large, often with long postanal part, or short 31 32 JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, VOL. 20, NO. 1, 2000 E. robusta. m C, habitus of holotype subadult E. nimia; m B, habitus of adult Ektonodiastylis nimia; f Fig. 1. A, habitus of ovigerous GERKEN ET AL.: CONTUMACIOUS ARCTIC CUMACEA 33 and poorly armed; bearing one pair of termi- Diagnosis.—Carapace produced as large nal setae or none. Uropods usually long and tooth at anteroventral corner, pseudorostral slender, endopod 1–3-segmented. lobes directed nearly horizontally, pereionites 3 and 4 directed posteroventrally, telson shorter than uropod peduncles, uropod exo- Ektonodiastylis, new genus pod length greater than twice endopod length. Type Species.—Ektonodiastylis nimia is des- Adult individuals near 3 mm in length. ignated as the type species; complete de- scriptions of both ovigerous f and adult m are Description.—Adult male. Length 3.3 mm. provided herein. Type material is that de- Pseudorostral lobes 0.6 times carapace total posited by Hansen (1920). However, it should length, bearing many plumose setae, eye lobe be noted that his syntypes are in poor shape. 0.1 times carapace length, with no lenses; carapace produced as large spine at antero- Diagnosis.—Male with 1 pair of pleopods, ventral corner, otherwise smooth; antennal pereiopod 2 dactyl minute and attached prox- notch oblique (Fig. 1B). imally to distal end of propodus. Antennule stout, extending beyond Etymology.—The generic name is a combi- pseudorostral lobes; peduncle articles 1 and nation of ektonos, Greek, meaning out of 2 together slightly longer than article 3, un- tune, and diastylis, from the family Diastyl- armed; peduncle article 3 dorsal margin bear- idae. ing 4 long stout plumose setae, 2 small sim- ple setae on distal margin; main flagellum of Other Species.—Ektonodiastylis robustus, 6 articles, article 1 expanded and bearing new species. many slender simple setae, 3 terminal articles bearing several simple setae; accessory fla- Remarks.—This genus is very similar to gellum of 4 articles, extending to distal mar- Brachydiastylis, distinguishable at present gin of main flagellum article 3, bearing few only on male characters, primarily the pos- simple setae terminally (Fig. 2A). session of a single pair of pleopods. The pe- Antenna long, extending past pereion but culiar arrangement of the dactyl and propo- not extending to end of pleon; peduncle arti- dus on pereiopod 2 is also unusual and seems cle 3 bearing 2 plumose setae, twice as long derivable from the condition seen in Brachy- as article 4; article 4 unarmed; article 5 2.5 diastylis, namely, the extension of the prop- times as long as article 3, anterior margin odus forms a large fixed finger, but in Ek- bearing 6 groups of short simple setae; fla- tonodiastylis the dactyl is reduced to a small gellum of 20 articles, articles decreasing in article that most likely is not movable, since width and increasing in length distally, each there is no associated musculature in the article bearing 2 or 3 rows of small slender propodus. Hansen (1920) noted the unusual setae (Fig. 2B). pereiopod 2 in the male of Brachydiastylis Mandibles, maxillulae, maxillae, maxil- resima and presumed it would also occur in liped 1, and maxilliped 2 as in female. his new species B. nimia, but he had no ma- Maxilliped 3 basis longer than all other ar- ture males. The other species of Brachydi- ticles together, 3 times as broad as merus, me- astylis, B. hexaceros Lomakina, 1952, is be- dial and lateral margins lined with fine hair- ing left in the genus for the time being, since like setae, bearing 2 plumose setae medially, the mature male is not known. distolateral corner bearing 3 stout plumose se- tae, distomedial corner produced as 2 teeth; ischium compressed, unarmed; merus sub- Ektonodiastylis nimia (Hansen, 1920), equal to carpus, bearing 1 plumose seta lat- new combination erally; carpus bearing 2 plumose setae dis- Material Examined.—Syntypes: 2 ovigerous tally; propodus and dactyl subequal, propo- ff (ZMUC CRU–3437) “North of Steward dus bearing 2 sparsely plumose setae Land,” 70°30′N. Additional material exam- medially, 1 small plumose seta at distolateral ined: 41 ovigerous ff, 94 subadult ff, 1 adult corner; dactyl bearing 6 simple setae apically; m, 73 subadult mm (ZMUC CRU–3573), In- exopod shorter than basis, basal article un- dependence Fjord, Greenland, 4 August 1995, armed, flagellum bearing 10 long, stout 82°07.06′N, 29°51′W, 35– 40 m. plumose setae (Fig. 2C). 34 JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, VOL. 20, NO. 1, 2000 Fig. 2. Ektonodiastylis nimia adult m. A, antennule; B, antenna; C, maxilliped 3; D, pereiopod 1; E, pereiopod 2. Pereiopod 1 basis as long as next 4 arti- plumose seta; merus anterior margin bearing cles together, posterior margin bearing 4 2 plumose setae; carpus and propodus sub- plumose setae, anterior margin bearing 1 equal and unarmed; dactyl shorter than prop- plumose seta distally; ischium and merus sub- odus, bearing 3 simple setae apically and 4 equal, ischium anterior margin bearing 1 simple setae marginally; exopod as long as GERKEN ET AL.: CONTUMACIOUS ARCTIC CUMACEA 35 basis and ischium together, basal article un- plumo-annulate seta distally; merus bearing armed, flagellum bearing 12 long, stout 2 annulate setae marginally; carpus as long as plumose setae (Fig.
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